Oslo Metro rolling stock
The rolling stock of
All trains receive 750 V DC from a
History
In 1954, the Oslo City Council decided to build a four-line metro to the new suburbs to the east of the city center. The plans called for the system to open in 1966, with the conversion of the
Serial production of the T1000 started in 1964 by Strømmens Værksted, NEBB and AEG. Until 1978, 162 cars were delivered to Oslo Sporveier. These were manufactured in four series, designated T1 through T4, with minor changes to specifications. During the late 1970s, the western suburban lines which were part of the tramway needed new rolling stock. Oslo Sporveier was at the time considering connecting the metro with these lines, and between 1978 and 1981, 33 new T1300 cars were built. The only difference from the T1000 was that they had a pantograph that allowed them to operate on the tramways. They also retained the necessary technical appliances to run on the metro. The new T1300 were designated T5 and T6. From 1985 to 1989, 16 T4s were rebuilt to T1300 and designated T7 and T8.[4]
Oslo Sporveier was highly satisfied with the
In the late 1980s, it was decided to upgrade the
In 1996, the work to establish a financing package for new investments in public transport in Akershus and Oslo started. Oslo Package 2 was passed in 2001 and allowed municipal and state grants to be supplemented by increased fare and toll road revenue to finance, among other things, new trains for the metro. The initial order by Oslo Sporveier in 2003 from Siemens was for 33 units (99 cars), plus options for further orders.[7][8][9] In 2005, the city council voted to replace all existing T1000 and T1300 stock with the MX3000, increasing the quantity by another 30 units.[10] Two test units were delivered in October 2005, with the first serial deliveries in April 2007. With the delivery of the new white and gray trains, Oslo Sporveier received criticism that they had been disloyal to the old red color of the metro, and that they did not follow up on their former design concept from the 1960s through the 1980s.[11] Following the 2006 decision to convert the Kolsås Line to metro standard, Akershus County Municipality announced they would order five units.[12]
In November 2006, the city government proposed that the maintenance of the new trains be privatized. This resulted in protests from the employees, who campaigned by refusing to work overtime. As a result, after a few weeks, the company lacked 57 trains to provide adequate service.[13] The issue was solved when the socialist opposition parties along with the Liberal Party agreed to postpone the matter until after all the new trains were delivered in 2009. As part of the agreement, a new limited company, Oslo Vognselskap, wholly owned by Kollektivtransportproduksjon, would take ownership of all metro trains and trams used by the operating companies. Responsibility for the debt accumulated for buying the trains is to be managed by Oslo Vognselskap, while operation and management of the maintenance contracts was transferred to Oslo T-banedrift.[14]
In 2008, the city council in Oslo decided to upgrade the Holmenkollen Line to metro standard, to allow six-car MX3000 trains to be the main mode of transport to
In February 2022, in order to cover the network's expanded capacity when the Fornebu Line opens in 2027, Sporveien announced they will order 20 units, designated as M4000, with option for additional 60 units. The first unit would be delivered for test run in 2026.[20][21]
Specifications
The Oslo Metro uses 750 volt direct current fed to the train via a third rail,
The trains' speed are controlled by an automatic train protection (ATP) system. The speed codes are transferred from the ATP points in the infrastructure, using 75 hertz pulses in the tracks. The trains pick up the signals via antennas. The speed codes are 15 km/h (9 mph), 30 km/h (19 mph), 50 km/h (31 mph) and 70 km/h (43 mph). They are communicated to the engineer via signals in the driver's cab; in addition, the system will automatically reduce the speed, should the limit be exceeded. The driver can put the trains in an automatic mode, where the train itself adjusts its speed to the limit. The driver is always responsible for starting and halting the train at stations.[22][23]
T1000
The T1000 were built by Strømmens Værksted and is 17,000 millimetres (55 ft 9 in) long, 3,200 millimetres (10 ft 6 in) wide and 3,650 millimetres (12 ft 0 in) high. Each car is equipped with two bogies. The axle distance is 2,170 millimetres (7 ft 1 in), the bogie distance is 11,000 millimetres (36 ft 1 in) and the wheel diameter is 820 millimetres (2 ft 8 in). The cars are equipped with four 98-kilowatt (131 hp) motors each from NEBB, giving a maximum speed of 70 kilometres per hour (43 mph). The weight is 27.740 tonnes (27.302 long tons; 30.578 short tons) and the electrical equipment was delivered by AEG.[24] The T1300 differ in that they have a pantograph and were built for conductors.[1] The seating also varies: T1000 has a total capacity of 180 passengers, of which 63 can sit. T5 has the same total capacity, but 70 people can sit. T6 has a capacity for 154 people, of which 64 can be seated. T7 and T8 have a capacity for 177 passengers, of which 60 can be seated.[24] All models are capable of operating six cars in multiple, although they are commonly used in shorter configurations.[17]
T2000
The T2000 was built by Strømmens Værksted and AEG as
MX3000
The MX3000 is a three-car electric multiple unit built exclusively for the Oslo Metro by Siemens in
Each three-car unit has 138 seats, and a total capacity of 493 riders. There are three doors on each side of each car, measuring 1,300 millimeters (4 ft 3 in) wide and 1,900 millimeters (6 ft 3 in) high.
The MX3000 introduced a number of technical innovations to the metro.
References
- ^ a b Aspenberg, 1994: 29
- ^ Andersen, Bjørn and Bjørn O. Isachsen (1998). "N.Teatret – Kolsås". Lokaltrafikk (in Norwegian). 37: 4–18.
- ^ Andersen, Bjørn and Bjørn O. Isachsen (1998). "N.Teatret – Kolsås, del 2". Lokaltrafikk (in Norwegian). 38: 4–14.
- ^ a b Aspenberg, 1994: 62–63
- ^ a b c d Johansson, Erik W. (1995). "T2000 - AS Oslo Sporveiers nyte T-banevogner". På Sporet. 81: 44–46.
- ^ Aspenberg, 1995: 46
- ^ "Oslo Sporveier kjøper 99 nye T-banevogner". Aftenposten (in Norwegian). 28 June 2003. Archived from the original on 24 May 2011. Retrieved 1 May 2010.
- ^ Tajik, Hadia (30 June 2003). "Oslo får 99 nye T-banevogner". Aftenposten (in Norwegian). Archived from the original on 24 May 2011. Retrieved 1 May 2010.
- ^ a b Jacobsen, Lars (3 May 2005). "Slik blir T-banens nye metro-vogner". Verdens Gang (in Norwegian). Archived from the original on 12 June 2011. Retrieved 1 May 2010.
- ^ a b c d e f g Ruter (10 March 2008). "MX3000 - nye T-banevogner" (in Norwegian). Archived from the original on 15 June 2008. Retrieved 1 May 2010.
- ^ Kronstad, Ragna (22 June 2005). "Ny fargepalett for T-bane". Teknisk Ukeblad (in Norwegian). Archived from the original on 26 July 2011. Retrieved 1 May 2010.
- ^ "Klart for metro og trikk". Budstikka (in Norwegian). 28 March 2006. Archived from the original on 3 June 2006. Retrieved 28 March 2009.
- ^ Olsen, Thomas (13 November 2006). "Kaos på T-banen - mangler 57 vogner". Aftenposten (in Norwegian). Archived from the original on 22 May 2010. Retrieved 1 May 2010.
- ^ Ensby, Anne Linn (22 November 2006). "T-baneprivatisering utsatt". Aftenposten (in Norwegian). Archived from the original on 22 May 2010. Retrieved 1 May 2010.
- Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation (in Norwegian). Archivedfrom the original on 29 January 2009. Retrieved 1 May 2010.
- ^ "Østvognenes endelikt". Lokaltrafikk (in Norwegian). 36. 2009.
- ^ a b "Oslo Sporveier nr. 1076". Lokaltrafikk (in Norwegian). 72: 48. 2009.
- ^ Velle, Vegard (2 September 2009). "Vil reparere falleferdige t-banevogner". Fri Fagbevegelse (in Norwegian). Archived from the original on 11 September 2009. Retrieved 1 May 2010.
- ^ Jensen, Grethe Kielland (22 April 2010). "Tar farvel med siste røde" (in Norwegian). Archived from the original on 25 April 2010. Retrieved 4 May 2010.
- ^ "Oslo får nye T-banetog". Sporveien (in Norwegian Bokmål). Retrieved 23 February 2022.
- ^ "Oslo får nye T-banetog". ABC Nyheter (in Norwegian). 21 February 2022. Retrieved 23 February 2022.
- ^ a b c d e Kronstad, Ragna (18 October 2005). "Bremseenergi fra T-banen". Teknisk Ukeblad (in Norwegian). Archived from the original on 8 February 2009. Retrieved 28 March 2009.
- ^ a b "References Mass Transit Vehicles: Metro System, Three-Car Train Modules, Oslo, Norway". Siemens AG. 2009. Archived from the original on 5 October 2008. Retrieved 1 May 2010.
- ^ a b Ruter (10 March 2008). "T-vogn serie 1-2" (in Norwegian). Archived from the original on 18 January 2010. Retrieved 1 May 2010.
- "T-vogn serie 2" (in Norwegian). Ruter. 10 March 2008. Archived from the original on 4 May 2010. Retrieved 4 May 2010.
- "T-vogn serie 3" (in Norwegian). Ruter. 10 March 2008. Archived from the original on 4 May 2010. Retrieved 4 May 2010.
- Ruter (10 March 2008). "T-vogn serie 4" (in Norwegian). Archived from the original on 18 January 2010. Retrieved 1 May 2010.
- "T-vogn serie 5" (in Norwegian). Ruter. 10 March 2008. Archived from the original on 4 May 2010. Retrieved 4 May 2010.
- "T-vogn serie 6" (in Norwegian). Ruter. 10 March 2008. Archived from the original on 18 January 2010. Retrieved 4 May 2010.
- Ruter (10 March 2008). "1300-vogn serie 7" (in Norwegian). Archived from the original on 18 January 2010. Retrieved 1 May 2010.
- "T-vogn serie 8" (in Norwegian). Ruter. 10 March 2008. Archived from the original on 4 May 2010. Retrieved 7 November 2009.
- ^ Oslo T-banedrift. "T-2000 – vogner" (in Norwegian). Archived from the original(doc) on 26 May 2011. Retrieved 1 May 2010.
- ^ "Metros: Mobility in cities all over the world" (PDF). Siemens AG Mobility Division. Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 July 2011. Retrieved 1 May 2010.
- ^ Kronstad, Ragna (2 September 2005). "Nye T-banevogner på skinner". Teknisk Ukeblad (in Norwegian). Archived from the original on 26 July 2011. Retrieved 1 May 2010.
Bibliography
- ISBN 82-91448-03-5.
- ISBN 82-91448-18-3.