Osman II

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
Osman II
Sultan Ahmed Mosque, Istanbul
ConsortsAyşe Sultan
Meylişah Hatun
Fülane Hatun
Akile Hatun
IssueŞehzade Ömer
Şehzade Mustafa
Zeynep Sultan
Names
Şah Osman bin Ahmed han[1]
DynastyOttoman
FatherAhmed I
MotherMahfiruz Hatun
ReligionSunni Islam
TughraOsman II's signature

Osman II (

sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 26 February 1618 until his regicide
on 20 May 1622.

Early life

Osman II was born at

Arabic, Persian, Greek, Latin, and Italian; although this has since been refuted.[2] Osman was born eleven months after his father Ahmed's transition to the throne. He was trained in the palace. According to foreign observers, he was one of the most cultured of Ottoman princes. [3]

Osman's failure to capture the throne at the death of his father Ahmed might have been caused by the absence of a mother to lobby in his favour; his own mother was probably already dead or in exile.[4]

Reign

Janissaries and the insufficiency of his statesmen for his humiliation.[5]
The basic and exceptional weakness from which Osman II suffered was the conspicuous absence of a female power basis in the harem. From 1620 until Osman's death, a governess (daye hatun, lit. wet-nurse) was appointed as a stand-in valide, and she could not counterbalance the contriving of
King of Poland, was brought into Istanbul despite the severe colds. The janissaries and army were not willing to go on a campaign, regardless of their conditions.[8]

Great winter of 1621

Following the murder of Şehzade Mehmed on 12 January 1621, a severe snow started in Istanbul. The people of Istanbul were drastically affected by the cold, which increased local violence on 24 January, more so than the palace murder. This is the biggest natural disaster that concerns the capital in Osman's four-year short reign. Bostanzade Yahya Efendi, one of those who lived through this cold, tells that the Golden Horn and the Bosphorus were covered with ice in the end of January-beginning of February: "Between Üsküdar and Beşiktaş, the men walk around and go to Üsküdar. [8] They came from Istanbul on foot. And the year became a gala (famine).[8]

It was snowing for 15 days, that the frosts were frozen from the severity of the cold, but that the river was open between Sarayburnu and Üsküdar.

akche, and the oak of the meat to 15 akches.[8]

Death

Osman II by Vigenère
Yedikule Fortress in 1685
Deposition of Osman II by Jean Antoine Guer
One of the entrances of the Yedikule Fortress in modern Istanbul
The Empire in 1622, the year Osman II died

Seeking a counterweight to janissary influence, Osman II closed their coffee shops (the gathering points for conspiracies against the throne) and started planning to create a new and more loyal army consisting of

uprising by the janissaries, who promptly imprisoned the young sultan in Yedikule Fortress in Istanbul, where Osman II was strangled to death. After Osman's death, his ear was cut off and presented to Halime Sultan and Sultan Mustafa I to confirm his death and Mustafa would no longer need to fear his nephew. It was the first time in the Ottoman history that a sultan was executed by the janissaries.[10]

This disaster is one of the most discussed topics in Ottoman history. Hasanbegzade, Karaçelebizade, Solakzade, Peçevi, Müneccimbaşı and Naima dates, in the Fezleke of Katip Çelebi, detailed and some of them were narrated in a story style. [11]

Family

Consorts

Osman II had at least four consorts:[12]

Osman II on horseback

Sons

Osman II had at least two sons:[12]

  • Şehzade Ömer (20 October 1621, Constantinople – 5 February 1622, Edirne. Buried with his father in the Blue Mosque) – with Meylişah Hatun. News of his birth reached his father in Edirne, while he was returning from the Polish Campaign. To celebrate the event, he invited the court to join him there, including the child with his mother, and organized a party that included a reenactment of his battles in Poland which Meylişah and Ömer witnessed, but during the re-enactment a stray bullet hit the infant killing him. Another version is that the baby died from the shock caused by the noise of the guns. Later, rumors also spread that the prince was deliberately killed. In any case, his mother was accused of the incident and was exiled.
  • Şehzade Mustafa (November 1622, Constantinople – 1623, Constantinople. Buried with his father in the Blue Mosque) - maybe with Akile Hatun. Twin of Zeynep Sultan, born after the dethronement and killing of his father, his mother's identity is uncertain. Maybe he was killed by order of Halime Sultan, who acted as regent for her son and Osman's uncle, the new Sultan Mustafa I, while some others indicated he died of natural causes.

Daughters

Osman II had at least a daughter:

  • Zeynep Sultan (November 1622, Constantinople – c. 1623, Constantinople. Buried with her father in the Blue Mosque) - maybe with Akile Hatun. Twin of Şehzade Mustafa, born after the dethronement and killing of her father, her mother's identity is uncertain. She died as newborn of unknown causes.[12]

In popular culture

In the 2015 Turkish television series Muhteşem Yüzyıl: Kösem, Osman II was portrayed by actor Taner Ölmez.[16]

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Suha Umur, (1980), Osmanlı padişah tuğraları, p. 199
  2. ^ Tezcan, Baki (2002). "The 1622 Military Rebellion in Istanbul : A Historiographical Journey". International Journal of Turkish Studies. University of Wisconsin: 40. Stanford Shaw, the author of an Ottoman history that has been widely used as a textbook and reference work, claims, on the basis of information from an eighteenth-century French novel,84 that the sultan was "[t]rained in Latin, Greek, and Italian by his Greek mother, as well as Ottoman Turkish, Arabic, and Persian."85
  3. ^ Sakaoğlu 2015, p. 210.
  4. ISSN 0082-6847
    .
  5. ^ a b Dyer 1861, p. 504
  6. ISBN 0-520-23836-2
    .
  7. ^ Sakaoğlu 2015, p. 212.
  8. ^ a b c d e Sakaoğlu 2015, p. 213.
  9. ^ Ozgen, Korkut. "The Family: The Sultans: Osman II." The Ottomans. 2002. http://www.theottomans.org.
  10. ISBN 0-520-23836-2
    .
  11. ^ Sakaoğlu 2015, p. 221.
  12. ^
    OCLC 458582838
    .
  13. ^
    ISBN 978-0-195-08677-5
    .
  14. ^ Gabriel Piterberg (2003). An Ottoman Tragedy: History and Historiography at Play. University of California Press. pp. 18–19. ISBN 978-0-520-93005-6
  15. ^ a b Tezcan, Baki (2001). Searching For Osman: A Reassessment Of The Deposition Of Ottoman Sultan Osman II (1618-1622). pp. 377 n. 93.
  16. ^ "Muhteşem Yüzyıl Kösem sezon finalinde bakın kimler ayrıldı!" (in Turkish). Retrieved 2017-11-06.

Bibliography

  • Sakaoğlu, Necdet (2015). Bu Mülkün Sultanları. Alfa Yayıncılık.
    ISBN 978-6-051-71080-8
    .
  • Dyer, Thomas Henry (1861). The History of Modern Europe. Vol. From the Fall of Constantinople, in 1453, to the War in the Crimea, in 1857. Volume 2. London: J. Murray. Retrieved 20 February 2021.
  • Çiçek, Fikri (2014). An examination of daily politics and factionalism at the Ottoman Imperial court in relation to the regicide of Osman II (r. 1618-22). Istanbul Şehir University.

External links

Media related to Osman II at Wikimedia Commons

Osman II
House of Osman
Born: November 3, 1604 Died: May 20, 1622
Regnal titles
Preceded by
Sultan of the Ottoman Empire
Feb 26, 1618 – May 20, 1622 		Succeeded by
Sunni Islam titles
Preceded by Caliph of the Ottoman Caliphate
Feb 26, 1618 – May 20, 1622 		Succeeded by
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