Osmundaceae
Osmundaceae Temporal range:
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Osmunda regalis | |
Scientific classification | |
Kingdom: | Plantae |
Clade: | Tracheophytes |
Division: | Polypodiophyta |
Class: | Polypodiopsida |
Subclass: | Polypodiidae |
Order: | Osmundales Link |
Family: | Osmundaceae Martinov |
Type genus | |
Osmunda | |
Genera | |
Osmundaceae (royal fern family) is a family of
Description
The stems of Osmundaceae contain
Taxonomy
Smith et al. (2006) carried out the first higher-level
Polypodiidae
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Subdivision
In the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification (2016) Osmundales consists of the single family Osmundaceae, six genera, and an estimated 18 species[9] (Christenhusz and Byng give 25 species).[11]
The three genera Osmunda, Leptopteris, and Todea were recognized as members of Osmundaceae by Smith et al. (2006)
The first molecular phylogeny
The following phylogram shows the relationship between the Osmundaceae genera and subtaxa, according to Metzgar et al.:[12]
Osmundaceae |
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The circumscription of the order and its families was not changed, and its placement remained the same in subsequent classifications including Chase and Reveal (2009),
Osmundaceae |
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A molecular dating study using Metzgar et al.'s data and a comprehensive set of rhizome and leaf fossils estimated that (sub)generic differentiation within Osmundaceae started by the Triassic and was finished by the Early Cretaceous with the formation of Osmunda and Plenasium. Accordingly, the PPG I classification of 2016 continues to place Osmundales in Polypodiidae, but splits Osmunda further by elevating its subgenera to genera (Claytosmunda, Plenasium). The following cladogram reproduces the PPG I concept for the extant members of the family:[9]
Osmundaceae |
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The new system was used in a comprehensive taxonomic evaluation of Osmundales rhizome fossils,[1] who provide a polytomous key using anatomical features of Osmundaceae rhizomes and an updated ‘evolutionary’ (non-cladistic) classification of fossil and extant Osmundales (see classification concepts for groups including extinct members), which can be tentatively transferred into the following cladogram (monophyla in bold, polytomies reflect unresolved relationships)
Osmundales |
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Notes:
aMillerocaulis is a likely paraphyletic genus that includes forms ancestral to the modern Osmundaceae (classified as Osmundeae) as well as their potential sister lineages.
bThe morphology of Claytosmunda is primitive within the Osmundinae, and total evidence indicates that Osmunda and Plenasium likely evolved from a Claytosmunda-type ancestor, rendering the latter genus paraphyletic when Osmundaceae fossil should be considered.[20][21][1] The genus comprises 12 fossil rhizome species in addition to the sole surviving species.
Evolution
Bomfleur et al. state
The first fossil representatives of the modern Osmundaceae (= tribus Osmundeae) include rhizome fossils with
The only explicit reconstruction regarding the evolution of morphological traits in Osmundaceae can be found in Miller's groundbreaking work.
References
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Bomfleur et al. 2017.
- ^ a b c d e Smith et al. 2006, p. 710.
- ^ Moran 2004, p. 77.
- ^ Faull 1901, p. 384.
- ^ Hoshizaki & Moran 2001, pp. 526–527.
- ^ Moran 2004, pp. 144–145.
- ^ Moran 2004, pp. 77–78.
- ^ a b Smith et al. 2006.
- ^ a b c Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group 2016.
- ^ Lehtonen 2011.
- ^ Christenhusz & Byng 2016.
- ^ a b Metzgar et al. 2008.
- ^ Yatabe et al. 1999.
- ^ Smith et al. 2008.
- ^ Yatabe, Y.; et al. (2005). "Claytosmunda; a new subgenus of Osmunda (Osmundaceae)". Acta Phytotaxon. Geobot. 56: 127–128.
- ^ Chase & Reveal 2009.
- ^ Christenhusz et al. 2011.
- ^ Christenhusz & Chase 2014.
- S2CID 38248823.
- ^ a b c d Bomfleur et al. 2015.
- ^ a b c d Grimm et al. 2015.
- ^ Bomfleur et al. 2017, p. 2.
- S2CID 85319731.
- ^ a b Miller 1971.
- )
Bibliography
- Bomfleur, Benjamin; Grimm, Guido W.; McLoughlin, Steve (2015). "Osmunda pulchella [now: Osmundastrum pulchellum] sp. nov. from the Jurassic of Sweden—reconciling molecular and fossil evidence in the phylogeny of modern royal ferns (Osmundaceae)". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 15: 126. PMID 26123220.
- Bomfleur, Benjamin; Grimm, Guido W.; McLoughlin, Steve (2017). "The fossil Osmundales (Royal Ferns)—a phylogenetic network analysis, revised taxonomy, and evolutionary classification of anatomically preserved trunks and rhizomes". PeerJ. 5: e3443. PMID 28713650.
- .
- .
- PMID 24532607.
- .
- Faull, J. H. (1901). "The anatomy of the Osmundaceae". Botanical Gazette. 32 (6): 381–420. JSTOR 2465028.
- Grimm, Guido W.; Kapli, Pashalia; Bomfleur, Benjamin; McLoughlin, Steve; PMID 25503771.
- Hoshizaki, Barbara Joe; Moran, Robbin C. (2001). Fern Grower's Manual. Portland, Oregon: Timber Press. ISBN 9780881924954.
- Lehtonen, Samuli (2011). "Towards Resolving the Complete Fern Tree of Life". PMID 22022365.
- Metzgar, Jordan S.; Skog, Judith E.; Zimmer, Elizabeth A.; Pryer, Kathleen M. (1 March 2008). "The Paraphyly of Osmunda is Confirmed by Phylogenetic Analyses of Seven Plastid Loci". S2CID 6180706.
- Moran, Robbin C. (2004). A Natural History of Ferns. Portland, Oregon: Timber Press, Inc. ISBN 9781604690620.
- Pryer, Kathleen M.; Schneider, Harald; Smith, Alan R.; Cranfill, Raymond; Wolf, Paul G.; Hunt, Jeffrey S.; Sipes, Sedonia D. (2001). "Horsetails and ferns are a monophyletic group and the closest living relatives to seed plants". S2CID 4367248.
- Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group (November 2016). "A community-derived classification for extant lycophytes and ferns". Journal of Systematics and Evolution. 54 (6): 563–603. S2CID 39980610.
- Ranker, Tom A.; Haufler, Christopher H., eds. (2008). Biology and Evolution of Ferns and Lycophytes. ISBN 978-0-521-87411-3.
- Schneider, Harald; Smith, Alan R.; Pryer, Kathleen M. (1 July 2009). "Is Morphology Really at Odds with Molecules in Estimating Fern Phylogeny?". S2CID 85855934.
- Smith, Alan R.; Kathleen M. Pryer; Eric Schuettpelz; Petra Korall; Harald Schneider; Paul G. Wolf (2006). "A classification for extant ferns" (PDF). JSTOR 25065646.
- Smith, Alan R.; Pryer, Kathleen M.; Schuettpelz, Eric; Korall, Petra; Schneider, Harald; Wolf, Paul G. Fern classification (PDF). pp. 417–467., in Ranker & Haufler (2008)
- C.Michael Hogan. 2010. Fern. Encyclopedia of Earth. National council for Science and the Environment. Washington, DC
- Jud, Nathan, Gar W. Rothwell, and Ruth A. Stockey (2008). "Todea from the Lower Cretaceous of western North America: implications for the phylogeny, systematics, and evolution of modern Osmundaceae." American Journal of Botany, 95:330-339.
- Thomas N. Taylor, Edith L. Taylor, Michael Krings: Paleobotany. The Biology and Evolution of Fossil Plants . Second Edition, Academic Press 2009, ISBN 978-0-12-373972-8, p. 437-443
- Wang, S. J.; Hilton, J.; He, X. Y.; Seyfullah, L. J.; Shao, L. (2014). "The anatomically preserved Zhongmingella gen. nov. from the Upper Permian of China: evaluating the early evolution and phylogeny of the Osmundales". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 1: 1–22. S2CID 84125204.
- Yatabe, Y.; Nishida, H.; Murakami, N. (1999). "Phylogeny of Osmundaceae inferred from rbcL nucleotide sequences and comparison to the fossil evidences". Journal of Plant Research. 112 (4): 397–404. S2CID 24842881.
External links
- Media related to Osmundaceae at Wikimedia Commons
- Data related to Osmundaceae at Wikispecies