Ostrea edulis
Ostrea edulis Temporal range:
| |
---|---|
Valves of Ostrea edulis | |
Scientific classification | |
Domain: | Eukaryota |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Mollusca |
Class: | Bivalvia |
Order: | Ostreida |
Family: | Ostreidae |
Genus: | Ostrea |
Species: | O. edulis
|
Binomial name | |
Ostrea edulis |
Ostrea edulis, commonly known as the European flat oyster, is a species of oyster native to Europe. In Britain and Ireland, regional names include Colchester native oyster, mud oyster, or edible oyster. In France, Ostrea edulis are known as huîtres plates (flat oysters) except for those that come from the Belon River estuary in Brittany, France, which are known as Belons.[3]
The fossil record of this species dates back to the Miocene (age range: 15.97 million years ago to present day). Fossils have been found in Belgium, Italy, the Netherlands, Egypt, Greece, Spain, the United Kingdom, Austria, France and Germany.[4]
Description
When mature, O. edulis adults range from 3.8 to 11 centimetres (1.5 to 4.3 in) across.[5]
Shells are oval or pear shaped, white, yellowish or cream in colour, with a rough surface showing pale brown or bluish concentric bands on the right valve. The two valves are quite different in shape and size, as the left one is concave and fixed to the substratum, while the right one is almost flat and fits inside the left. The inner surface is smooth, whitish or bluish-grey.[6]
Biology
Ostrea edulis are gregarious molluscs that start their lives as males. They mature sexually after eight–ten months and may change sex depending on the water temperature. Usually the lifespan can reach about six years, with a maximum of 15 years. Adult oysters feed by filtration.[7]
Distribution
The species naturally ranges along the western and southern coasts of
Habitat
Ostrea edulis can be found in estuarine and shallow coastal water with hard substrata of mud and rocks.[9]
Human use
European flat oysters are famously grown in Brittany, France. The true Belon oyster is cultivated in the Belon River, France, and has the AOC protected name.[12] In the 1950s, Dutch scientists artificially introduced Belon oyster seed into the waters around Maine in hopes to establish a viable stock. The initial project was abandoned but ten years later natural colonies of flat oysters were found in the wild.[3] Many North American suppliers use the name 'Belon' to species that are found in the wild throughout the United States.
Ostrea edulis is now also being
U.S. oyster growers farm O. edulis in small quantities on both coasts. They are prized for their unique tannic seawater flavour, sometimes described as dry and metallic, and are more expensive than other American oysters.[8] The flavour is considered excellent for eating raw on the half shell.[14][15]
The adductor muscle of the European flat in combination with the shape of the shell results in a somewhat weaker seal compared with other oyster species. It is common practice to use rubber bands to prevent oysters from spilling their liquor and dehydrating in storage before consumption.[16]
See also
References
- ^ Linnaeus, Carl (1758). Systema Naturae (in Latin) (10 ed.). Uppsala: Linnaeus.
- ^ "ITIS Standard Report Page: Ostrea edulis". Retrieved 2008-08-06.
- ^ a b "Where do Belon Oysters come from and are they that rare?". Pangea Shellfish Company | Oyster and Shellfish Wholesale. Retrieved 2018-07-17.
- ^ Fossilworks
- ^ Jackson, Angus (2008-07-14). "Basic information for Ostrea edulis (Native oyster)". Plymouth: Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom. Archived from the original on 2008-03-15. Retrieved 2008-08-07.
- ^ "FAO Fisheries & Aquaculture Ostrea edulis". www.fao.org. Retrieved 2018-07-09.
- ^ "Arkive.org". Archived from the original on 2015-06-08. Retrieved 2015-06-08.
- ^ a b c d "FAO Fisheries & Aquaculture Ostrea edulis". FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS. Retrieved 2008-08-06.
- ^ "MarLIN". Archived from the original on 2015-07-06. Retrieved 2015-06-08.
- ISSN 2055-298X.
- ^ "European Flat Oyster – Ostrea edulis – Details – Encyclopedia of Life". Encyclopedia of Life. Retrieved 2017-10-28.
- ^ "Belon Oysters – Maine". www.chefs-resources.com. Retrieved 2017-10-28.
- ISSN 1765-2952.
- ^ "Ostrea Edulis & Others – TIME". Time. 1964-07-31. Archived from the original on December 14, 2011. Retrieved 2008-08-07.
- ^ "Kelly Galway Oysters". Archived from the original on 2009-04-23. Retrieved 2008-08-07.
- ^ "Where do Belon Oysters come from and are they that rare?". Pangea Shellfish Company | Oyster and Shellfish Wholesale. Retrieved 2017-10-28.