University of Otago

Coordinates: 45°51′56″S 170°30′50″E / 45.86556°S 170.51389°E / -45.86556; 170.51389
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University of Otago
Critic
ColoursDunedin Blue and Gold
   
AffiliationsMNU
Websitehttps://www.otago.ac.nz

The University of Otago (Māori: Te Whare Wānanga o Ōtākou) is a public research collegiate university based in Dunedin, Otago, New Zealand. Founded in 1869, Otago is New Zealand's oldest university and one of the oldest universities in Oceania.[5]

The university was created by a committee led by

Otago Provincial Council in 1869.[7] Between 1874 and 1961 the University of Otago was a part of the federal University of New Zealand, and issued degrees in its name.[8]

Otago is known for its vibrant student life, particularly its

Critic
, is New Zealand's longest running student magazine.

History

The Registry Building (Clocktower Building), looking east.
Aerial view of the Dunedin campus. The Water of Leith runs through in the centre.
Dunedin campus in winter

19th century

The Otago Association's plan for the European settlement of southern New Zealand, conceived under the principles of Edward Gibbon Wakefield in the 1840s, envisaged a university.

Dunedin leaders

Otago Provincial Council during the 1860s to set aside a land endowment for an institute of higher education.[15] An ordinance of the council established the university in 1869, giving it 100,000 acres (400 km2) of land and the power to grant degrees in Arts, Medicine, Law and Music.[16] Burns was named Chancellor but he did not live to see the university open on 5 July 1871.[6][15]

The university conferred just one degree, to Alexander Watt Williamson, before becoming an affiliated college of the federal University of New Zealand in 1874. With the dissolution of the University of New Zealand in 1961 and the passage of the University of Otago Amendment Act 1961, the university resumed its power to confer degrees.[16]

Originally operating from

Gothic revival buildings at the heart of the campus. These buildings were inspired by the then-new main building at the University of Glasgow
in Scotland.

Otago was the first university in Australasia to permit women to take a law degree.[17] Ethel Benjamin graduated LLB in 1897. Later that year she became the first woman in the British Empire to appear as counsel in court.[18]

20th century

The University of Otago helped train medical personnel as part of the Otago University Medical Corps. They supplied or trained most of the New Zealand Army's doctors and dentists during the First World War.[19]

Professor Robert Jack made the first radio broadcast in New Zealand from the physics department on 17 November 1921.[20]

Princess Anne (19 years) to this country.[21]

Because it had a wide range of courses, Otago attracted more students from outside its provincial district. This led to the growth of colleges and informal accommodation in

north Dunedin around the faculty buildings. This development of a residential campus gave Otago a more vibrant undergraduate student life at the same time as comparable but smaller developments in Christchurch, Wellington and Auckland were eclipsed in the late 20th century.[citation needed] Otago now has the most substantial residential campus of any university in New Zealand or Australia,[citation needed
].

21st century

In May 2010 the university joined the Matariki Network of Universities (MNU) together with Dartmouth College (US), Durham University (UK), Queen's University (Canada), University of Tübingen (Germany), University of Western Australia (Australia) and Uppsala University (Sweden).[22]

Beginning in 2015 university Vice-Chancellor Harlene Hayne and Pro-Vice-Chancellor Tony Ballantyne implemented cuts in academic and support staff which generated enduring controversy. In this context The New Zealand Herald characterised the university's 'climate' as one of top-down 'suppression and fear' for its employees. The Otago Daily Times reported on 'demoralised teachers and researchers' who were 'locked in pain and anger at what their institution had become' and later opined that 'the university desperately needs a reset'.[23][24][25][26][27][28] In 2020 the University of Otago announced that Hayne would be leaving the university and that Ballantyne would be given a new role, namely, leading the Division of External Engagement to attend to alumni relations and liaising with secondary schools, among other matters.[29][30]

In December 2020, eight graduation ceremonies scheduled for that month were disrupted following threats to carry out a firearms and explosives attack on students attending graduation ceremonies scheduled for 7 and 8 December. On 18 December, a 22-year-old woman appeared in the Auckland District Court on charges of threatening harm to people or property. Court documents have described the threat as being of a "magnitude surpassing the March 15 Christchurch mosque massacres."[31][32] On 14 July 2021, the woman, who has interim name suppression, admitted to threatening to carry out a firearms and explosives attack against Otago students. Her lawyer applied for a discharge without conviction.[33] On 12 May 2022, the woman was sentenced to five months community detention and nine months intensive supervision. According to the University Chancellor, the bomb threat and subsequent cancellation of eight graduation ceremonies caused the University NZ$1.3 million.[34]

In mid-April 2023, Otago University reported that it was facing a NZ$60 million deficit due to declining student enrollments and a shortfall in government funding. In response, Acting Vice-Chancellor Professor

Otago University Students Association president Quintin Jane also called on Education Minister Jan Tinetti to increase funding for universities.[38] In late May 2023, the Otago Daily Times reported that the university had declined to inform staff of its NZ$60 million budget shortfall in November 2022.[39] In late June 2023, the Government announced a NZ$128 million funding injection for degree-level and postgraduate programmes for New Zealand universities and other tertiary institutions. In response, acting Vice-Chancellor Nicholson stated that the university would still proceed with job cuts since the funding would only come into effect from 2024 onwards.[40]

In 2024 Grant Robertson became the new Vice-Chancellor.[41] This was accompanied by 'major' 'almost wholesale' replacement of university leadership.[42]

Coat of arms

Coat of arms of the University of Otago
Notes
The Arms of the University of Otago were granted by the Lord Lyon on 21 January 1948 and based on the unauthorised arms used on the University's seal since 1870[43]
Escutcheon
Azure, on a saltire cantoned between four mullets of six points Or, a book, gilt-edged and bound in a cover Gules charged with a mullet of six points of the second and a book-marker of the third issuance from the page-foot
Motto
Sapere Aude ('dare to be wise' or 'have courage to be wise')

In mid-March 2023, the university unveiled a new proposed logo replacing the traditional coat of arms with a symbol and a new Māori name for the institution as part of its Vision 2040 strategy.[44] The process was spearheaded by Tony Ballantyne and the university's Division of External Engagement. The proposed symbol is intended to symbolise the Otakou channel in Otago harbour while the coat of arms will be retained for ceremonial settings such as graduation events. The proposal also involves changing the current Māori name from Te Whare Wānanga o Otāgo to Ōtākou Whakaihu Waka ("A Place of Many Firsts"). Acting Vice-Chancellor Professor Helen Nicholson stated that the proposed logo and name change was intended to create a visual identity that reflected modern Aotearoa New Zealand. The university also launched a consultation process for staff, students and alumni that will conclude on 16 April 2023.[45][46] In 17 March, an Otago Daily Times survey found that 77% (1,908) of 2,479 respondents opposed the proposed logo change.[47] The process was also criticised for costing about $700,000 whilst large numbers of academic staff were made redundant on the grounds of budgetary shortfalls.[48][49]

On 11 July 2023, the University council voted to proceed with the logo and alternate Māori name change following a consultation process with 9,000 staff, students, and alumni. Three quarters of respondents voted to replace the coat of arms with the O-shaped symbol while two thirds voted to change the Māori name from Te Whare Wānanga o Otāgo to Ōtākou Whakaihu Waka ("A Place of Many Firsts"). The new logo will be rolled out from March 2024 over a 12-month period at a cost of NZ$1.3 million.[50][51]

Campuses

180° view of Dunedin shot from the hills on the west. The University can be seen in front of the large hill to the left.

The University of Otago's main campus is in Dunedin, which hosts the Central Administration as well as its Health Sciences, Humanities, Business School, and Sciences divisions.

The Huffington Post.[53][54] In addition, the university has four satellite campuses in Auckland, Wellington, Christchurch, and Invercargill.[52]

  1. The Christchurch campus is based at the Christchurch School of Medicine and Health Science. It also provides medical and physiotherapy clinical training programs, research, distance education, and postgraduate programs.[52][55]
  2. The Wellington campus is based at the Wellington School of Medicine and Health Science. It also provides medical and physiotherapy clinical training programs, research, distance education, and postgraduate programs.[52][56]
  3. The Auckland campus is based at the Auckland Centre on Queen. The Auckland Centre provides various teaching and distance learning courses and serves as a liaison with the wider Auckland community and alumni.[57]
  4. The Southland Campus (Ahuahu Te Mātauranga) is a branch of the University of Otago College of Education. The campus provides a range of early childhood, primary, primary bilingual, and secondary teacher education programs.[52][58]
  5. The University of Otago's Department of Marine Science also operates the
    Otago peninsula.[59]

Merger with Dunedin College of Education

The University of Otago and the Dunedin College of Education (a specialist teacher training institution) merged on 1 January 2007. The University of Otago College of Education is now based on the college site, and includes the college's campuses in Invercargill and Alexandra. Staff of the university's Faculty of Education relocated to the college site. A merger had been considered before, however the present talks progressed further, and more amicably, than previously.

Libraries

Interior of the Central Library

The University of Otago has ten libraries: seven based in Dunedin on the main university campus, the education library in Southland, plus two medical libraries in Wellington and Christchurch.[60] All libraries have wireless access.[61]

Central Library

The Central Library is part of the Information Services Building and has over 2000 study spaces, 130 computer terminals, and laptop connections at 500 desks. It has Te Aka a Tāwhaki, a collection of Māori resources,[62] and the Special Collections consisting of about 9,000 books printed before 1801. In total, the Central Library has over 800,000 print and electronic materials relating to the arts and humanities, commerce, education, physical education, social sciences, and technology.[63] It was designed by the American architecture firm Hardy Holzman Pfeiffer and opened in 2001, replacing what was previously a 1960s-era modernist building.

Robert Stout Law Library

The Robert Stout Law Library is the university's law library and is based in the Richardson Building.[64]

Health Sciences Library

The Health Sciences Library[60] is in the Sayers Building, opposite the main entrance to Dunedin Hospital. The Health Sciences Library book collection only includes the last 10 years of content, but does have over 150,000 volumes, the vast majority of which are in storage. There is seating for over 400.[citation needed]

Science Library

The Science Library[60] is at the north end of the campus in the Science III building, with seating for approximately 500.[citation needed]

Hocken Collections

The

Southland regions. The Hocken Collections was established in 1910 when Dunedin philanthropist Thomas Hocken donated his entire private collection to the University of Otago. It currently houses over 8,000 linear metres of archives and manuscripts. It is currently situated at the site of the former Otago Co-operative Dairy Company factory on Anzac Avenue, east of the main campus.[63][65]

Robertson Library

The Robertson Library is the university's education library and is jointly run by the University of Otago's College of Education and Otago Polytechnic, which is also located near the university's Dunedin campus.[66]

Other libraries

The Wellington Medical and Health Sciences Library and the Canterbury Medical Library provide services to University of Otago students and staff, and the staff of the local District Health Boards.[67][68] The university's Southland Campus also has a library.[60]

Organisation and administration

The Lindo Ferguson Building, home to the Departments of Anatomy and Physiology
The university's research vessel Polaris II entering Otago Harbour

The university is divided into four academic divisions:

  • Division of Humanities
  • Division of Health Sciences
  • Division of Sciences
  • Otago Business School

For external and marketing purposes, the Division of Commerce is known as the Otago Business School, as that is the term commonly used for its equivalent in North America. Historically, there were a number of schools and faculties, which have now been grouped with stand alone departments to form these divisions.

In addition to the usual university disciplines, the

Holy Cross College, Mosgiel
.

There are also a number of service divisions including:

  • External Engagement Division
  • Financial Services Division
  • Human Resources Division
  • Information Technology Services Division
  • Property Services Division
  • Research & Enterprise Division
  • Student Services Division

Student body

Admissions

Enrolment By Qualification Type[69] 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015 2014 2013 2012 2011 2010 2009 2008 2007 2006 2005 2004 2003
Doctoral 1,579 1,541 1,501 1,411 1,387 1,389 1,361 1,377 1,259 1,258 1,206 1,104 1,048 935 829 755 723
Masters' 1,469 1,360 1,261 1,287 1,224 1,214 1,216 1,281 969 979 921 874 838 1,052 1,108 1,060 994
Postgraduate Diplomas and Certificates 1,591 1,691 1,762 1,654 1,542 1,388 1,383 1,477 1,541 1,660 1,620 1,566 1,435 1,507 1,378 1,353 1,345
Graduate Diplomas 192 215 243 294 314 388 416 426 475 487 405 317 494 204 392 314 298
Bachelor's with Honours 396 404 366 385 451 434 460 524 873 854 843 723 750 736 769 771 763
Bachelor's Ordinary 14,728 14,677 14,448 14,598 14,559 15,136 15,489 15,762 15,593 15,780 15,359 13,347 13,136 12,868 12,939 12,711 12,186
Undergraduate Diplomas and Certificates 14 17 20 29 39 65 73 92 116 152 169 133 265 216 239 318 344
Certificate of Proficiency 1,576 1,455 1,492 1,493 1,442 1,284 1,228 1,171 1,326 1,450 1,419 ? ? ? ? ? ?
Interest Only 13 5 11 1 4 10 0 0 ? 223 150 ? ? ? ? ? ?
Foundation Studies 263 298 305 292 316 300 303 266 254 273 282 ? ? ? ? ? ?
Total 21,240 21,108 20,838 20,814 20,601 20,942 21,113 21,416 21,728 22,139 21,507 20,752 20,665 19,853 20,057 19,674 18,844
Gender of Students[70] 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015
Female 12,711 12,588 12,272 12,147 11,879
Male 8,510 8,519 8,565 8,665 8,720
Gender diverse 19 1 1 2 2
Total 21,240 21,108 20,838 20,814 20,601
Ethnicity of Students[71] 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015 2014 2013 2012 2011 2010 2009 2008 2007 2006 2005 2004
European/Pākehā 71.5% 71.4% 72.4% 73.1% 73.4% 74.3% 74.3% 74.8% 75.0% 75.6% 75.7% 76.8% 68.4% 68.3% 69.1% 69.5%
Māori 10.3% 9.9% 9.3% 8.9% 8.5% 8.5% 8.0% 7.8% 7.6% 7.6% 7.5% 7.3% 6.9% 6.4% 6.2% 6.1%
Asian 20.3% 20.5% 19.8% 19.2% 18.8% 18.3% 18.6% 18.3% 17.9% 17.2% 16.9% 16.0% 15.6% 16.5% 16.1% 15.2%
Pacific Islanders 5.0% 4.7% 4.5% 4.2% 3.9% 3.6% 3.2% 3.1% 3.1% 3.1% 3.0% 2.8% 2.6% 2.6% 2.5% 2.5%
Middle Eastern / Latin American / African 3.7% 3.6% 3.4% 3.4% 3.6% ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
Other / unknown 3.8% 3.7% 3.9% 3.7% 3.6% 3.2% 3.3% 2.9% 2.9% 2.5% 5.3% 4.4% 6.5% 6.2% 6.1% 6.6%

Academics

Distinctions

Many Fellowships add to the diversity of the people associated with "Otago". They include:

In 1998, the physics department gained some fame for making the first Bose–Einstein condensate in the Southern Hemisphere.

The 2006 Government investigation into research quality (to serve as a basis for future funding) ranked Otago the top University in New Zealand overall, taking into account the quality of its staff and research produced. It was also ranked first in the categories of Clinical Medicine, Biomedical Science, Law, English Literature and Language, History and Earth Science. The Department of Philosophy received the highest score for any nominated academic unit. Otago had been ranked fourth in the 2004 assessment.

In 2006, a report released by the Ministry of Research, Science and Technology found that Otago was the most research intensive university in New Zealand, with 40% of staff time devoted to research and development.[72]

Journal "Science" has recommended worldwide study of Otago's Biochemistry database "Transterm", which has genomic data on 40,000 species.[73]

Rankings

University rankings
Global – Overall
ARWU World[74]301–400
QS World[75]184
THE World[76]201–250

The University of Otago is consistently ranked in the top 1% of universities in the world.[77][78] The university has also been rated 5-Stars Plus by QS Stars in the QS World University Rankings. This is the maximum rating achievable under the QS Stars System, which takes into account the quality of Otago's facilities, teaching, graduate employability, internationalisation, and inclusiveness.[79] Besides having 5 subjects in the top 50 in the world, the University of Otago has 10 subjects ranked between 51st and 100th in QS World University Rankings. As well as having 15 subjects in the top 100 in the world, Otago has another 7 subjects in the top 101 to 150 band, and 6 subjects in the top 151 to 200 band.[80] In 2015, the University of Otago became the first New Zealand university to have a course in a QS Top 10 list, being ranked 8th in Dentistry.[81]

World university rankings
Quacquarelli Symonds (QS)[82][83] Academic Ranking of World Universities Times Higher Education
2021 184 301–400 201–250
2020 176 301–400 201–250
2019 175 301–400 201–250
2018 151 301–400 201–250
2017 173 301–400 201–250
2016 169 201–300 201–250
2015 173 201–300 251–275
2014 159 201–300 226–250
2013 155 201–300 226–250
2012 133 201–300 201–225
2011 130 201–300 201–225
2010 135 201–300 200+
2009 125 201–302 NA
2008 124= 201–302 NA
2007 114= 305–402 NA

Residential colleges

St Margaret's College
Selwyn College

The University of Otago owns, or is in affiliation with, fourteen residential colleges, which provide food, accommodation, social and welfare services. Most of these cater primarily for first year students, though some have a sizable number of second and higher year undergraduates, as well as occasionally a significant postgraduate population. While some teaching is normally undertaken at a college, this generally represents a small percentage of a resident's formal tuition.

Most colleges actively seek to foster a sense of community and academic achievement amongst their members through, variously,

intercollegiate competitions
, communal dining, apartment groups, traditionalism, independent students' clubs, college events and internal sporting and cultural societies.

The colleges are geographically spread over the Dunedin urban area:

In mid October 2019, the University of Otago announced that it would be building a new 450-room residential college called Te Rangi Hiroa, which will replace the current Te Rangi Hiroa College along Cumberland Street. The new college is estimated to cost NZ$90 million and is located on the corner of Albany and Forth Streets near the Dunedin campus.[84][85]

Student life

O-Week

Participants in the annual clocktower race lining up, ready to go.

'O-Week' or Orientation Week is the Otago equivalent of

Freshers' Week. New students are most commonly known by their seniors as 'freshers' or simply as 'first-years'. O-week is organised by the Otago University Students' Association and involves competitions such as 'Fresher of the Year' whereby several students volunteer to carry out a series of tasks throughout the week before being voted to win. Other competitions include that of different faculties facing off with each other. The OUSA also organises events each night including various concerts, a comedy night, hypnotist plus bigger events at Forsyth Barr Stadium. Typically there is a Highlanders rugby game scheduled during the week. Local bars organise events also with a range of live music and promotional deals. Historically events have included the Cookathon and a Miss O-Week competition hosted by The Outback.[86] The Cookathon was held by a local pub (the Cook) with the premise that your first drink costs you about $20 which gives you a t-shirt, three meal vouchers and reduced price on drinks then you spend the rest of the day binge drinking and 'telephoning' the occasional jug with mates.[87]

Traditions

Each year the first years are encouraged to attend the

toga parade and party dressed in white sheets wrapped as togas. Retailers called for an end of the parade after property damage and disorder during the 2009 event.[88][89] However, the OUSA took it upon themselves to reintroduce this tradition, with a festival like event taking place at the stadium. 2012 Toga Party saw an unofficial world record. A clocktower race also occurs, in the style of Chariots of Fire
. Students must race round the tower and attached building, beginning on the first chime of the clock at noon and completing before the chimes cease. Unlike Chariots of Fire, the task is possible with a couple of students completing each year.

Behavioural issues

Student behaviour is a major concern for both the university administration and Dunedin residents in general. Concerns over student behaviour prompted the university to introduce a Code of Conduct (CoC) which its students must abide by in 2007. The introduction of the CoC was accompanied by the establishment of the dedicated 'Campus Watch' security force to keep tabs on crime and anti-social behaviour on campus and in the student neighbourhoods nearby. Campus Watch reports directly to the university's Proctor.

Riots

Riots took place in 2006, 2007, 2008 and 2009 related to events surrounding the

Hyde Street party went out of control.[90][91]

Protest

Otago students are notable for protesting over contentious political issues in nearly every decade. In the 1960s students at Otago who were involved with the Progressive Youth Movement led protests against the

Otago University NORML club, led by Abe Gray,[95] met weekly on the Otago campus to protest by smoking cannabis in defiance of New Zealand's cannabis laws. In 2008, several members were arrested and issued with trespass notices banning them from the Union Lawn.[96][97][98]

Notable people

Chancellors

The following is a list of chancellors of the University of Otago.[99]

Name Portrait Term
1 Thomas Burns 1869–1871
2 John Richardson 1871–1876
3 Henry Samuel Chapman 1876–1879
4 Donald Stuart 1879–1894
5 Joshua Williams 1894–1909
6 James Allen 1909–1912
7 Andrew Cameron 1912–1925
8 Thomas Sidey 1925–1933
9 William John Morrell 1933–1945
10 David Herron 1946–1955
11 Hubert Ryburn 1955–1970
12 Stuart Sidey 1970–1976
13 Jack Somerville 1976–1982
14 Jim Valentine 1982–1992
15 Judith Medlicott 1993–1998
16 Eion Edgar 1999–2003
17 Lindsay Brown 2004–2008
18 John Ward 2009–2017
19 Royden Somerville 2018–2022
20 Stephen Higgs 2022–present

The following is a list of vice-chancellors of the university:[100]

Name Portrait Term
1 Robert Aitken 1948–1953
2 Frederick Soper 1953–1963
3 Arthur Beacham 1964–1966
4 Robin Williams 1967–1973
5 Robin Irvine 1973–1993
6 Graeme Fogelberg 1994–2004
7 David Skegg 2004–2011
8 Harlene Hayne 2011–2021
9 David Murdoch 2022–2023[3]
10 Helen Nicholson (acting)[3] 2023–present

Faculty

Alice Copping

Alumni

(with residential college, if any, in parentheses where known)

Nathan Cohen
Robert Stout, 13th Premier
Bill English, 39th Prime Minister
Fergus Hume, novelist
Tania Lineham
11th Governor-General

Rhodes Scholars

list of Rhodes Scholars:

Jack Lovelock, athlete

(College at Oxford in brackets)(Source: List of NZ Rhodes Scholars)

See also

References

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