Ottoman–Venetian War (1537–1540)
Third Ottoman–Venetian War | |||||||
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Part of the Ottoman–Venetian Wars | |||||||
The "Battle of Preveza" (1538) by Ohannes Umed Behzad, painted in 1866. | |||||||
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Belligerents | |||||||
Holy League: Knights of Malta |
Regency of Algiers | ||||||
Commanders and leaders | |||||||
Suleiman the Magnificent Selim II Hayreddin Barbarossa Şehzade Mehmed Turgut Reis Seydi Ali Reis Sinan Reis |
The Third Ottoman Venetian War (1537–1540) was one of the Ottoman–Venetian wars which took place during the 16th century. The war arose out of the Franco-Ottoman alliance between Francis I of France and Süleyman I of the Ottoman Empire against the Holy Roman Emperor Charles V. The initial plan between the two had been to jointly invade Italy, Francis through Lombardy in the North and Süleyman through Apulia to the South. However, the proposed invasion failed to take place.
In what became known as the
At the same time, crisis in Venetian-Ottoman relations was developing during the siege of Klis - last Habsburg stronghold in Dalmatia, that fell in March 1537. Venetian government feared that Turkish forces would attack Dalmatian cities and resorted to diplomatic efforts in order to avoid the war.
These fears were further strengthened when following a skirmish with Andrea Doria, the Ottomans suddenly laid siege to the Venetian Island of Corfu in the Adriatic (Siege of Corfu 1537), thus breaking the peace treaty signed with Venice in 1502. On Corfu, the Ottomans faced formidable resistance and defenses specifically designed to counter Ottoman artillery. The siege lasted less than two weeks, and afterward Süleyman withdrew his forces and returned east to spend the winter in Adrianople.
These events resolved Pope Paul III of the need to form a Holy League (1538) to combat and to deter the Ottoman assaults that were expected in the next year. Through intense diplomacy the Pope stopped the war between Charles V and Francis I with the Truce of Nice and secured Charles's support. Venice also joined the league but only reluctantly and after much debate in the senate.
The Ottoman fleet had grown greatly in size as well as in competence over the course of the 16th century and was now headed by the former corsair turned admiral
A peace treaty or "capitulation" was signed between Venice and the Ottoman Empire to end the war on 2 October 1540. The Venetian negotiator and signatory was Alvise Badoer. Venice ratified the treaty on 20 November.
In the period between the start of the Second Ottoman–Venetian War in 1499 and the end of this war in 1540, the Ottoman Empire made significant advances in the Dalmatian hinterland – it didn't occupy the Venetian cities, but it took the Kingdom of Hungary's Croatian possessions between Skradin and Karin, eliminating them as a buffer zone between the Ottoman and Venetian territory.[2] The economy of the Venetian cities in Dalmatia, severely impacted by the Turkish occupation of the hinterland in the previous war, recovered and held steady even throughout this war.[3]
The Battle of Preveza was the Ottomans' greatest naval victory against Westerners.[1]
See also
- Ottoman–Venetian Wars
Notes
- ^ ISBN 9780810875791. Retrieved 1 September 2021.
- ISSN 0353-295X. Retrieved 2012-07-08.
- ISSN 0353-295X. Retrieved 2012-07-08.
References
- Chasiotis, Ioannis (1975). "Πολεμικές συγκρούσεις στον ελληνικό χώρο και η συμμετοχή των Ελλήνων" [Conflicts in the Greek lands and the participation of the Greeks]. In Christopoulos, Georgios A. & Bastias, Ioannis K. (eds.). Ιστορία του Ελληνικού Έθνους, Τόμος ΙΑ΄: Ο Ελληνισμός υπό ξένη κυριαρχία (περίοδος 1669 - 1821), Τουρκοκρατία - Λατινοκρατία [History of the Greek Nation, Volume XI: Hellenism under Foreign Rule (Period 1669 - 1821), Turkocracy – Latinocracy] (in Greek). Athens: Ekdotiki Athinon. pp. 252–323. ISBN 978-960-213-100-8.
- Garnier, Edith L'Alliance Impie Editions du Felin, 2008, Paris
- Goffman, Daniel. The Ottoman Empire and Early Modern Europe. N.p.: Cambridge University, 2002. Print. New Approaches to European History.
- ISBN 978-1-1370-1406-1.
- Labib, Subhi. “The Era of Suleyman the Magnificent: Crisis of Orientation”. International Journal of Middle East Studies 10.4 (1979): 435–451. Web...
- ISBN 978-1-101-60113-6.
- ISBN 0-87169-161-2.
- Soucek, Svatopluk. “Navals Aspects of the Ottoman Conquests of Rhodes, Cyprus and Crete”. Studia Islamica 98/99 (2004): 219–261. Web...