Ottoman conquest of Bosnia and Herzegovina
The Ottoman conquest of Bosnia and Herzegovina was a process that started roughly in 1386, when the first Ottoman attacks on the
Origins and etymology
The entire territory that is today known as Bosnia and Herzegovina was not conquered by the Ottoman Empire at once, in a single battle; rather, it took the Ottoman Empire several decades to conquer it. Military units of the Ottoman Empire made many raids into feudal principalities in the western Balkans at the end of the 14th century, some of them into territory of today's Bosnia and Herzegovina, long before the conquest of the Bosnian Kingdom. The first Ottoman raids led by Timurtash-Pasha happened in the eastern parts of Bosnia in 1384.[2] The Battle of Bileća in 1388 was the first battle of the Ottoman army on the territory of today's Bosnia and Herzegovina. It soon won important victories against the regional feudal lords in the
In 1392, the Ottomans established the
War with the Bosnian Kingdom
After the death of
The first permanent presence of Ottoman armies in Bosnia was established in 1414, after the region near
In 1415, Sandalj Hranić, who controlled today's eastern Herzegovina, became an Ottoman vassal.
By the end of this period, in the 1460s, the territory of the Kingdom of Bosnia was significantly reduced, with the Ottoman Empire controlling the entirety of today's eastern Bosnia, as far north as
Sanjaks
The Ottoman conquest of the
Isa-beg became the first
After taking the Kingdom of Bosnia in 1463,
The Ottoman territory in Bosnia continued to be expanded into newly established sanjaks: the
Even though the Bosnian Kingdom fell, there were several fortresses that resisted much longer – the last fortress in Herzegovina fell in 1481.[6] The House of Kosača maintained the Duchy of Saint Sava as an Ottoman vassal state until 1482.
In 1481, after the death of Mehmed II, Matthias Corvinus invaded Bosnia again, reaching Vrhbosna (Sarajevo), but all of those gains were undone within a year.[10]
In the 1530s, the Kingdom of Hungary had remained in control of the forts on the south bank of the Sava, and Jajce. Jajce Fortress was finally taken by the Ottomans in 1527.[10][6] The
Parts of southwestern Bosnia were sectioned into the Sanjak of Klis formed in 1537, subordinated to the Eyalet of Rumelia.
Aftermath
The
It took until 1592 and the fall of Bihać to reach westernmost frontiers of modern Bosnian state, and the modern western border of Bosnia to be established. After that, the territory of modern-day Bosnia and Herzegovina remained under largely undisturbed Ottoman rule until 1689 and the Great Turkish War.
See also
History of Bosnia and Herzegovina |
---|
Bosnia and Herzegovina portal |
- Ottoman Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Pashaluk of Herzegovina
References
- ^ Ibrahimagić, 1998, p. 77 More than 50 years passed between the first Ottoman attack and the establishment of "Bosansko krajište" as an interim form of military and territorial organisation of Ottoman rule in Bosnia (1451)(22). [...] 22. Šabanović, Bosanski pašaluk, str. 35.
- ^ Handžić, Mehmed. "Rasprava h. Mehmeda Handžića o pitanjima vjere stanovništva BiH prije dolaska Turaka te islamizacije prostora BiH". www.bosnjacki-topraci.com (in Bosnian). New York: Association of Bosniaks.
1384 dolazi Timuraš paša sa vojskom i hara po istočnoj Bosni.
- ^ Evliya Çelebi (1967). Hazim Šabanović (ed.). Putopis - Kulturno nasljeđe (in Serbo-Croatian). Svjetlost. p. 279.
29. Skopski sandžak nije osnovan odmah poslije zauzimanja Skoplja, nego je od 1392. pa sve do pada Srbije (1459.) i Bosne (1463.) Skoplje bilo sjedište krajišnika koji su upravljali cijelim turskim područjem od Skoplja do Vrhbosne. Osnivanjem smederevskog i drugih sandžaka u Srbiji i bosanskog sandžaka to je krajište znatno smanjeno i izgubilo značaj koji je dotle imalo. Sredinom XVI. v. ono je postalo središnja oblast zasebnog skopskog sandžaka.
- ISBN 978-0-472-08260-5. Retrieved 2013-01-26.
- ^ Safvet-beg Bašagić (1900). Kratka uputa u prošlost Bosne i Hercegovine, od g. 1463-1850 (in Serbo-Croatian). p. 17.
Najprije razmotrimo kraljeve zemlje prije pada. Turci su imali li vlasti slijedeće zemlje i gradove: Nevesinje, Gacko, Zagorje, Podrinje, Taslidžu, Čajnič, Višegrad, Sokol, Srebrenicu, Zvomik, Šabac, Samac i Sarajevo s okolicom. Sva ostala Hercegovina do Glamoča bila je u rukama hercega Stjepana, na koju kralj nije mogo računati. Kad izvadimo još mnoge gradove po sjevernoj i zapadnoj Bosni, u kojima su gospodovali patarenski velikaši, kraljeva država bila je mala podrtina na zemljovidu današnje Herceg-Bosne [...]
- ^ ISBN 0-932885-12-8. Retrieved 2012-05-06.
The Ottomans conquered Bosnia in 1463; ... though last fortress in Herzegovina was to fall in 1481, and in Bosnia Jajce under Hungarian garrison actually held until 1527
- OCLC 716361786.
- ^ Isa-beg (in Croatian). Retrieved January 15, 2023.
- ^ Safvet-beg Bašagić (1900). Kratka uputa u prošlost Bosne i Hercegovine, od g. 1463-1850 (in Serbo-Croatian). p. 20.
U Hercegovini Mahmut paša je udario na nenadani otpor. Kršna zemlja Hercegovina sa golim brdima, tijesnim klancima i nepristupnim gradovima zadavaše turskom konjaništvu puno neprilika. Osim toga domaći bogumili junački su se borili uz svoga hercega i njegove sinove. Doduše Mahmut paša je dolinom Neretve sjavio do pod Blagaj i obsijedao ga; nu je li ga zauzeo ili je poslije nagodbe s hercegom predao mu se, nema sigurnih vijesti. Videći herceg Stjepan, da bez povoljna uspjeha, Mahmut paša ne će ostaviti Hercegovine, opremi najmlagjega sina Stjepana s bogatim darovima sultanu, da moli primirje. Na to Fatih ponudi, da gornju polovinu svojih zemlje ustupi Turskoj, a donju zadrži za se i za sinove. Mladoga Stjepana kao taoca zadrži u Carigradu, koji iza kratkog vremena pregje na islam pod imenom Ahmed beg Hercegović. Herceg Stjepan pristane na sultanovu ponudu, pa sklopi mir i ustupi Turcima svu gornju Hercegovinu do Blagaja. Na to Mahmud paša bude pozvan u Carigrad.
- ^ ISBN 978-0-472-08260-5. Retrieved 2013-02-02.
- ISSN 1846-3819. Retrieved 2012-09-02.
Nakon što je tridesetih godina XVI. stoljeća Usora pala pod tursku vlast, nestankom posljednjeg Berislavića [...] Padom utvrđenog naselja Kobaša 1536. godine, turske vlasti od toga su naselja stvorile sjedište kadiluka i nahije.
- ^ Ibrahimagić, 1998, p. 77 And 117 years passed from the fall of Bosnia in 1463, when the first sanjak was established as the first independent form of military, administrative and political form of organisation of Ottoman rule in Bosnia, until the establishment of the Bosnian beglerbegluk or ayalet [province] as a separate province of the Ottoman Empire in 1580.
Further reading
- Bataković, Dušan T. (1996). The Serbs of Bosnia & Herzegovina: History and Politics. Dialogue Association. ISBN 978-2-911527-10-4.
- Sugar, Peter (1993) [1977]. Southeastern Europe under Ottoman rule, 1354-1804. University of Washington Press. p. 64. ISBN 0-295-96033-7.
2. Hazim Šabanović studied this phenomenon in his numerous works dealing with Bosnia.
- Bosansko krajište 1448-1463, Godišnjak Istoriskog društva Bosne i Hercegovine
- Krajište Isa-bega Ishakovića, Zbirni katastarski popis iz 1455. godine, vol. 2. Bosansko Krajište, Hazim Šabanović, Institute of Oriental Studies, Sarajevo, 1964.
- Ibrahimagić, Omer (1998). Constitutional development of Bosnia and Herzegovina (PDF). Sarajevo: Vijeće kongresa bošnjačkih intelektualaca. ISBN 9958-47-030-6.
- Bosanski pašaluk, postanak i upravna podjela, Hazim Šabanović, Sarajevo, 1982