Ottoman wars in Africa

Tumanbay II was arrested and Selim annexed the whole Mamluk territory, enlarging the Ottoman Empire more than two times in only two years.^[1][2]

Salih Reis an Ottoman admiral, marched over the Sahara and captured Touggourt

Sinan Pasha captured the city for the third time.^[6]

Turgut Reis (also known as Dragut) captured the city ^[7] with the help of Sinan Pasha. Eventually Benghazi and the hinterland Fezzan were also annexed. Between 1711 and 1835 Libya became autonomous under Karamanlı dynasty (a dynasty founded by a military ruler from Karaman, Turkey). After 1835 Mahmud II

Ottoman naval expeditions in the Indian Ocean). The expeditions continued for about 30 years. Özdemir Pasha, the deputy of the admiral, conquered the west bank of the Red Sea (roughly corresponding to a narrow coastal strip of Sudan and Eritrea) in 1567, during the reign of Selim II.^[8][9] In the late 16th century Ottoman Admiral Ali Bey established Ottoman supremacy in many cities of the Swahili coast between Mogadishu and Kilwa.^[10] Mogadishu recognised Ottoman suzerainty in 1585, and Ali Bey also established Ottoman supremacy in other regions such as Brava, Mombasa, Kilifi, Pate, Lamu and Faza.^[11][12] Ethiopia also experienced a brief period of Ottoman domination when the independence of the Emirate of Harar was interrupted by Ottoman-Egyptian rule which resulted in the Emirate of Harar being added as an Ottoman-Egyptian possession until being driven out by the British 10 years later.^[13][14][15]

Canary islands off the West African coast. Although he soon withdrew, it was notable as the sole Ottoman conquest in the Atlantic Ocean. In 1792 the Regency of Algiers had possession of the Moroccan Rif and Oujda which they then abandoned in 1795, Oujda was under Ottoman rule for 2 years.^[21][22][23]

Battle of Pyramids.^[24] However Napoleon couldn't proceed much because his fleet was defeated by the British navy. In 1799 he returned and the French army evacuated Egypt following the Battle of Alexandria