Outkast

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OutKast
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This article is about the hip hop group. For the film, see Outkast (film). For other uses, see Outcast (disambiguation).

Outkast
Atlanta, Georgia
, U.S.
Genres
Discography
Years active
  • 1992–2007
  • 2014
Labels
Spinoffs
Spinoff of
Past members
Websiteoutkast.com

Outkast (sometimes written as OutKast) was an American

Atlanta, Georgia, in 1992, consisting of the rappers Big Boi (Antwan Patton) and André 3000 (André Benjamin, formerly known as Dré).[1] The duo achieved both critical and commercial success from the mid-1990s to the early 2000s, helping to popularize Southern hip hop[1] with their intricate lyricism, memorable melodies, and positive themes,[3] while experimenting with a diverse range of genres such as funk, psychedelia, jazz, and techno. The duo are widely regarded as one of the most influential artists in hip hop.[4][5]

Patton and Benjamin formed Outkast as high school students. They released their debut studio album

B.O.B." and "Ms. Jackson", the latter peaked atop the Billboard Hot 100 and won Best Rap Performance by a Duo or Group at the 44th Annual Grammy Awards
.

The duo then released the

Coachella Festival in April 2014.[6]

Outkast is often regarded as one of the greatest and most influential hip hop acts of all time, and are one of the most successful, having certified sales of 20 million records between

Pitchfork
and the aforementioned Rolling Stone have listed their albums among the best in all of hip hop and of all time.

History

1992–1995: Formation and debut

Big Boi and André 3000 met as teenagers at Atlanta's Lenox Square shopping center (pictured).

Patton and Benjamin met in 1992 at the

TLC.[1] The duo initially wanted to be called "2 Shades Deep" or "The Misfits", but because those names were already taken they later decided to use "Outkast" based on finding "outcast" as a synonym for "misfit" in a dictionary.[13] Outkast, Organized Noize, and schoolmates Goodie Mob formed the nucleus of the Dungeon Family
organization.

Outkast signed to L.A. And Babyface imprint prior to graduation which would later become

Hot Rap Tracks chart.[1]
"Player's Ball" also topped the R&B chart for six weeks.

Their debut album,

Source Awards in 1995.[1] Within the context of the East Coast – West Coast feud, André came up on stage followed by boos from the crowd and said, "But it's like this though, I'm tired of them closed-minded folks, it's like we gotta demo tape but don't nobody want to hear it. But it's like this: the South got something to say, that's all I got to say." As said by rapper T.I., "Outkast, period. Outkast. That's when it changed. That was the first time when people began to take Southern rap seriously."[14] In the same year, the group contributed "Benz or a Beamer" to the popular New Jersey Drive
soundtrack.

1995–1999: Breakthrough with ATLiens and Aquemini

After Southernplayalisticadillacmuzik was certified platinum, LaFace Records gave Outkast more creative control and advanced money for their follow-up album, which they recorded from 1995 to 1996.[15]

The duo took the opportunity to recreate their image. On a trip to

Total's Keisha Spivey ended their two-year relationship.[19]

The double platinum album,

Billboard Hot 100 chart.[26] ATLiens further solidified OutKast as the flagship representatives of the 1st generation Dungeon Family and the Southern hip hop movement. The album helped the group earn more recognition among East Coast hip hop fans in the East and West coasts.[1]

For this album, Outkast joined with partner David "Mr. DJ" Sheats to form the Earthtone III production company, which allowed the group to produce some of their own tracks. The double A-side "ATLiens" / "Wheelz of Steel" was the group's third Top 40 single (following "Player's Ball" from their first album and "Elevators (Me & You)" from ATLiens), and reflected the beginning of André's increasingly sober lifestyle:[27] "No drugs or alcohol/so I can get the signal clear," he rhymes about himself in the title track. Also at the time of the album's release, they were managed by Flavor Unit.

Outkast's third album

funk pioneer and musical forebear George Clinton, and Goodie Mob. Outkast forged the connections between Hip Hop and the black freedom struggle with their controversial song "Rosa Parks" featured on the album.[28]

2000–2001: Stankonia and Big Boi and Dre Present... Outkast

"B.O.B. (Bombs Over Baghdad)"
In 2009, "(Bombs Over Baghdad)" placed no. 1 on
Pitchfork Media
's list of 500 Top Tracks of the 2000s
Problems playing this file? See media help.

Originally titled 'Sandbox', the pair's fourth album,

B.O.B. (Bombs Over Baghdad)", a high-tempo-influenced record. The second single, "Ms. Jackson", combined a pop hook with lyrics about divorce and relationship breakups, particularly André's breakup with singer Erykah Badu; the titular "Ms. Jackson" character being a doppelgänger for Badu's mother. It was at this time that André changed his stage name to the current "André 3000," mostly to avoid being mixed up with Dr. Dre
.

The single became their first pop hit, landing the number-one position on the

Best Rap Album.[29]

Pitchfork named Stankonia the 4th greatest album released between 2000 and 2004 in its 2005 feature.[30] Later on the webzine selected Stankonia as the 13th best album of the 2000s. And B.O.B. was chosen number one song of the decade by this same webzine.[31]

In December 2001, Outkast released a

Best Rap Performance by a Duo or Group. Killer Mike
also was featured on the song, gaining some exposure among areas outside of his native Atlanta. The other two new songs were called "Funkin' Around" and "Movin' Cool (The After Party)".

2002–2004: Speakerboxxx/The Love Below

Outkast spent two years working on their 5th effort, before releasing a double album,

R&B.[1]

The album is also Outkast's biggest commercial success yet, having debuted on the Billboard 200 albums chart at number-one and stayed there for several weeks. The album eventually sold over five million copies, and, as double-album sales count double for Recording Industry Association of America certification, the album was certified diamond for 10 million units shipped in December 2004. Its latest certification, in May 2006, reaches 11 million copies in shipping.[1]

The first two singles from the album(s), which were released nearly simultaneously, were Big Boi's "

Hot 100 singles chart, with "Hey Ya!" spending nine weeks and "The Way You Move" taking over for one week in February 2004. These singles were seen as a breakthrough for the hip-hop industry, being among the first hip-hop songs to be widely played on adult contemporary radio stations.[1]

Outkast's next official single was not released until the summer of 2004. "

Ghettomusick", which featured both members of Outkast and a sample from a song by Patti LaBelle, who also makes an appearance in the video.[1]

Speakerboxxx/The Love Below won the 2004 Grammy for Album of the Year. OutKast was one of the headlining acts at the show, and gave two performances: Big Boi performed "The Way You Move" with the Outkast backing band during a medley with Earth Wind & Fire,

Robert Randolph
, while André 3000 performed "Hey Ya!" as the show closer after they had been presented with the Album Of The Year Award.

Big Boi performing in 2006 in Atlanta

2005–2006: Idlewild

Members also began working on a joint film, Idlewild, directed by Outkast music video director Bryan Barber. Idlewild, a Prohibition-era musical film set to a blues-influenced hip-hop soundtrack, was released on August 25, 2006, by Universal Pictures. The Idlewild soundtrack was released August 22, 2006. In an interview for Billboard, Big Boi stated "This is an Outkast album. It isn't like a soundtrack where we go get this person or that person".[32]

Originally planned for early 2005, Idlewild's release date was pushed to December 2005, before being delayed into 2006.

Canadian Recording Industry Association in November 2006.[43]

The first single of the album, "Mighty 'O'", features both

blues. Next, similar to previous Outkast albums such as Speakerboxxx/The Love Below, two singles—one solely by Big Boi, the other solely by André 3000—were released simultaneously. The second single, almost exclusively featuring Big Boi, is the marching band–influenced "Morris Brown", featuring guest artists Sleepy Brown and Scar, both artists on Big Boi's Purple Ribbon label. The song's title is a reference to Atlanta's Morris Brown College
, with the school's marching band providing the instrumentation.

The third single, André 3000's "Idlewild Blue (Don'tchu Worry 'Bout Me)" delves into the

Lil' Wayne and Snoop Dogg
and is produced by André 3000.

2007–2013: Hiatus and solo work

In 2007 after the sixth album under the Outkast name, Idlewild, Big Boi announced plans to release a full-fledged solo album. While he had released a previous solo album in Speakerboxxx, it still was technically under the Outkast name. The album was later titled Sir Lucious Left Foot: The Son of Chico Dusty. The album's first promotional single, "Royal Flush", was released in 2008, and featured Raekwon and André 3000. After many delays and setbacks, the album was finally released internationally on July 5, 2010. Guest artists include singer Janelle Monáe; Big Boi's own new group Vonnegutt; plus established rappers T.I. and B.o.B.[44] Sir Lucious Left Foot: The Son of Chico Dusty received general acclaim from most music critics, earning praise for its inventive sound, varied musical style, and Big Boi's lyricism.[45][46] In a July 2010 interview for The Village Voice, Big Boi revealed that he was working on the follow-up album to Sir Lucious Left Foot, entitled Daddy Fat Sax: Soul Funk Crusader, stating that he was "maybe about six songs into it",[47] and that he was "planning on doing a bunch of sax samples, tenor, soprano, and probably have at least a couple sax players come into the studio for the next record".[48] The project later evolved into the 2012 album Vicious Lies and Dangerous Rumors.

André 3000 returned to rapping in 2007, after a hiatus from the genre, appearing on various

LA Reid who has worked with Outkast in the past.[50] In 2012, André 3000 was cast to play Jimi Hendrix in a biopic film titled Jimi: All Is by My Side
, which was later released on September 26, 2014.

2014–present: Reunion, second hiatus and Stankonia reissue

Outkast perform in New York City during their 2014 reunion
Outkast headlining at Governors Ball Music Festival

In late 2013, it was reported that Outkast would reunite at the

Childish Gambino. Outkast's Dungeon Family associates Sleepy Brown and Big Gipp also appeared onstage with the duo, rapping and singing on their respective songs.[52][53]

At Atlanta's One MusicFest, the Dungeon Family,

Organized Noise, Killer Mike, and Outkast appeared.[54]

Outkast performed their final show at

Voodoo Music Experience in New Orleans on October 31, 2014.[55]
The group then resumed their hiatus.

In October 2020, it was announced that Stankonia would be reissued on October 30, 2020, to commemorate the album's 20th anniversary. The digital reissue saw the album expanded with previously unreleased remixes. The vinyl reissue features a new black and white galaxy gatefold double LP, as distributed by Vinyl Me Please.[56]

Musical style and influences

Outkast's musical style and lyrical content have evolved throughout the group's career. Rolling Stone described their music as "idiosyncratic" and "inspired by the Afrocentric psychedelics" of George Clinton and Sly Stone,[57] and particularly by the psychedelic funk of Clinton's Parliament-Funkadelic collective.[58] The band's debut album Southernplayalisticadillacmuzik incorporates analog elements such as Southern-styled guitar licks, languid soul melodies, and mellow 1970s funk grooves.[59][60] It also features digital hip hop production elements such as programmed snare beats, booty bass elements,[59] ATLiens and Aquemini feature outer space-influenced production with echo and reverb effects.[61] With Stankonia, Outkast became the first hip-hop act to openly acknowledge rave culture as an influence.[62] Stankonia and Speakerboxxx/The Love Below would draw on sources such as psychedelia, gospel, funk, techno, soul, electro, and rock music.[63] During the late 1990s, rappers tended to embrace slow, laid-back beats in their productions. On several tracks on Stankonia, the group employed faster, more chaotic tempos to reflect rave culture and the introduction of new drugs such as ecstasy into the hip-hop scene.[62]

One central motif of Outkast's songwriting is the duality of the two members and their differing personalities, with Big Boi as "the player" and André 3000 as "the poet".

misogynistic attitudes common in hip-hop music. In Slate, Alex Abramovich praised the duo for "[tending] to shy away from the misogyny and violence rap is so often (and not always unjustly) condemned for."[67] In his book Classic Material: The Hip-Hop Album Guide, Oliver Wang writes that songs such as "Slum Beautiful" and "Toilet Tisha" "reimagine 'round the way girls, not only as just more than one-dimensional accessories, but as objects of affection with lives and concerns that are worth exploring."[68]

Collaborations and other work

During the recording of Stankonia Outkast and Mr. DJ began producing tracks for the artists on their Aquemini Records imprint through Columbia, including Slimm Cutta Calhoun and Killer Mike, who made his debut on Stankonia's "Snappin' & Trappin."

In 2002, Outkast participated in the only

Witchdoctor, and Backbone among others, and featuring Bubba Sparxxx, Shuga Luv and Mello. In 2002, the group and Killer Mike contributed the lead single "Land of a Million Drums" to the Scooby-Doo soundtrack
.

On February 27, 2011, it was announced that Big Boi is creating a joint album along with

PL3DGE.[70]

In 2010, André 3000 was featured on

Ke$ha called "The Sleazy Remix" was leaked.[72] On June 7, 2011, Beyoncé's song "Party" was leaked, it features Benjamin, it is his first collaboration with the singer. It is also featured on Beyoncé's fourth studio album entitled 4 released June 24, 2011. On August 24, 2011, Lil Wayne's album Tha Carter IV leaked, featuring a song entitled "Interlude" with Benjamin and fellow rapper Tech N9ne
performing. Also in 2011 André featured on Chris Browns "Deuces" remix as well as on a Lloyd song, "Dedication To My Ex (Miss That)", with Lil Wayne. In 2012 André also appeared on Drake's second album Take Care, on the song "The Real Her" which also featured Lil Wayne.

In 2012 André 3000 featured on the Gorillaz single "DoYaThing" with James Murphy of LCD Soundsystem. The song was released as a free download in February that year as part of a Converse promotion.

André 3000 was featured on Frank Ocean's 2012 album Channel Orange on the song "Pink Matter". On January 11, 2013, Big Boi appeared on a remix of the song, adding a verse before André's. In response to the added verse, André issued a statement on January 15 insisting that the track did not constitute an Outkast reunion.[73] André 3000 also featured uncredited vocals on Ocean's 2016 album Blonde on the song "Solo (Reprise)" with his verse taking up majority of the track.

Phantogram revealed in an interview with Variance Magazine in February 2014 that they plan to release an EP with Big Boi.[74] The resulting album Big Grams was released in September 2015.

Film projects

Benjamin made appearances in Families, The Shield (as Robert Huggins, a character that originated in an episode titled "On Tilt" from Season 3 in 2004), Be Cool, Revolver, Semi Pro, and Four Brothers. He was also cast as Percival in Idlewild, released on August 26, 2006. He voiced a crow in Charlotte's Web, a movie adaptation of the 1952 children's book. As of November 2006, he voiced "Sunny Bridges," a prize-winning musician who gives up touring to teach at his alma mater, in Class of 3000, an animated series he produced on Cartoon Network. He has also worked with Esthero on a promotional version of "Jungle Book" which was on a Wikked lil' grrrls sampler, but never made it to the actual album due to issues with Esthero's label, Warner Bros. The following year, he appeared in the basketball comedy

1999 Seattle World Trade Organization protests. Benjamin was a member of Quentin Tarantino and Lawrence Bender's production company A Band Apart
until its close in 2006; he then formed his own company, Moxie Turtle.

Big Boi appeared on

Wildlife
", which aired November 18, 2008. Big Boi played hip-hop artist "Got$ Money".

Lawsuit

Main article: Parks v. LaFace Records

In April 1999, Outkast and LaFace Records were sued by Rosa Parks over Aquemini's most successful radio single, which bears Parks' name as its title. The lawsuit alleged that the song misappropriates Parks' name, and it objected to the song's obscenities.[75]

The song's lyrics are virtually unrelated to Parks, except for a reference in the chorus: "Ah ha, hush that fuss / Everybody move to the back of the bus". The song, which Outkast maintained was intended partly as homage, refers to Parks metaphorically: the purpose of the song's chorus is to imply that Outkast is overturning hip hop's old order, and that people should make way for a new style and sound. In the initial suit, the District Court for the Eastern District of Michigan at Ann Arbor granted summary judgment for Outkast.

Later on appeal, the issue of whether Outkast violated the Lanham Act for false advertising was reversed and remanded for further proceedings. This was based on the Court's determination that the title "Rosa Parks" had little artistic relevance, whether symbolic or metaphorical, to Rosa Parks the person. Parks' representation hired lawyer Johnnie Cochran to appeal the decision in 2001, but the appeal was denied. The judge ruled that while there was linkage between the song and Rosa Parks, the song was an "expressive work" and was therefore protected by the First Amendment. In 2003, the Supreme Court turned down an appeal to overrule the lower court's decision.[citation needed]

In December 2003, André told UK journalist Angus Batey that, following a Detroit concert in the midst of the legal battle, relatives of Parks had approached him and implied that the case had less to do with Parks than with the lawyers. In April 2005, the judge in the case appointed an impartial representative for Parks after her family expressed concerns that her caretakers and her lawyers were pursuing the case based on their own financial interest. The case was settled on 14 April 2005, with Outkast and the co-defendants, Sony BMG and its subsidiaries Arista Records and LaFace Records, admitting no wrongdoing but agreeing to develop and fund educational programs concerning Rosa Parks.[76][77]

Discography

Main articles: Outkast discography and List of songs recorded by Outkast
Studio albums

Awards and nominations

Main article: List of awards and nominations received by Outkast

References

Notes

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k "OutKast Songs, Albums, Reviews, Bio & More". AllMusic. Retrieved December 10, 2023.
  2. ^ Lewis, Miles Marshall (August 9, 2007). "Common". Dallas Observer. Retrieved July 14, 2021.
  3. ^ "OutKast". Britannica. May 9, 2023. 1016736.
  4. ^ Ellis, Iain (October 2008). Rebels Wit Attitude: Subversive Rock Humorists. Soft Skull Press. p. 252. Retrieved March 5, 2018.
  5. ^ Erlewine, Stephen Thomas (2003). "Speakerboxxx/The Love Below". Allmusic. Retrieved April 20, 2008.
  6. ^ Coachella 2014 Lineup. Stereogum (January 8, 2014). Retrieved on 2014-05-28.
  7. ^ "The 10 Greatest Hip-Hop Duos of All time". Medium. SNOBHOP. November 5, 2017. Retrieved October 26, 2020.
  8. ^ "Outkast's Impact on the Hip Hop Landscape". The Next Wave Chicago. January 2, 2018. Retrieved October 26, 2020.
  9. ^ "The 10 Best Rappers of All Time". Billboard. November 12, 2015. Retrieved October 26, 2020.
  10. ^ Houlihan, Finn (May 27, 2015). "How André 3000 changed the rap game". Acclaim Magazine. Retrieved October 26, 2020.
  11. ^ "20 Greatest Duos of All Time". Rolling Stone. December 17, 2015. Retrieved September 5, 2020.
  12. ^ a b c Guzman, Isaac (October 22, 2000). "Melody Makers of Hip-Hop". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved January 20, 2012.
  13. ^ "OutKast Biography". Encyclopedia of World Biography. 2006. Retrieved May 4, 2008.
  14. ^ TheMaxTrailers (October 12, 2014), Outkast winning Best New Rap Group at the Source Awards 1995, archived from the original on October 30, 2021, retrieved May 6, 2018
  15. ^ "Outkast". Black Diaspora. 18. New York: 25. 1997.
  16. ^ Westhoff, 2011. p. 135
  17. ^ Sarig, 2007. p. 139
  18. ^ Nickson (2004), p. 46.
  19. ^ a b Sarig, 2007. p. 140
  20. Rovi Corporation
    . Retrieved December 21, 2012.
  21. ^ a b Pauley, Jared (January 13, 2015). "OutKast". Oxford Music Online.
  22. ^ Huey, Steve. "ATLiens – OutKast". AllMusic. Rovi Corporation. Retrieved July 10, 2012.
  23. ^ Love, Betina. Chapter Three: The New South Gone With the Beat.
  24. MediaNews Group
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  25. ^ "The Charts – 'ATLiens' Landing". Los Angeles Times. September 15, 1996. Retrieved March 5, 2011.
  26. ^ "OutKast Album & Song Chart History – Hot 100". Billboard. Prometheus Global Media. Retrieved March 5, 2011.
  27. ^ (September 18, 2005). Polly Vernon talks to Andre 3000. Retrieved April 12, 2008.
  28. S2CID 141692523
    .
  29. ^ Cowie, Del F.. (May 27, 1975) OutKast – Brothers From Another Planet – On the Cover Archived July 15, 2007, at the Wayback Machine. Exclaim.ca. Retrieved on 2014-05-28.
  30. ^ "The Top 100 Albums of 2000–04, Part Two | Pitchfork". Archived from the original on January 13, 2009. Retrieved January 7, 2009.
  31. ^ Staff Lists: The Top 500 Tracks of the 2000s: 20-1 | Features Archived July 28, 2010, at the Wayback Machine. Pitchfork (August 21, 2009). Retrieved on 2012-04-09.
  32. ^ a b Mitchell, Gail. Outkast's 'Idlewild' Bumped To Next Year. Billboard. Retrieved on May 10, 2010.
  33. ^ Hasty, Katie. Danity Kane Sidesteps OutKast To Claim No. 1. Billboard. Retrieved on May 10, 2010.
  34. ^ R&B/Hip-Hop Albums – Week of September 09, 2006. Billboard. Retrieved on May 10, 2010.
  35. ^ Rap Albums – Week of September 09, 2006. Billboard. Retrieved on May 10, 2010.
  36. ^ Digital Albums – Week of September 09, 2006. Billboard. Retrieved on May 10, 2010.
  37. ^ Hasty, Katie. Dylan Earns First No. 1 Album Since 1976. Billboard. Retrieved on May 10, 2010.
  38. ^ Chart History: OutKast – Billboard 200. Billboard. Retrieved on May 10, 2010.
  39. The Official UK Charts Company
    . Retrieved on May 10, 2010.
  40. ^ Album Performance: Idlewild. Acharts.us Retrieved on May 10, 2010.
  41. ^ Billboard Albums: Idlewild. Allmusic. Retrieved on May 10, 2010.
  42. ^ Gold & Platinum: Outkast. Recording Industry Association of America. Retrieved on April 22, 2021.
  43. Canadian Recording Industry Association
    . Retrieved on May 10, 2010.
  44. ^ Big Boi: Boy O Boi!. Bluesandsoul.com. Retrieved on May 28, 2014.
  45. ^ Sir Lucious Left Foot: The Son of Chico Dusty (2010): Reviews. Metacritic. Retrieved on July 5, 2010.
  46. ^ Dietz, Jason. July's Best New Music. Metacritic. Retrieved on July 29, 2010.
  47. ^ Harvilla, Rob. Big Boi Is Not Too Artsy Archived July 11, 2010, at the Wayback Machine. The Village Voice. Retrieved on July 6, 2010.
  48. ^ Midnight, Kid (July 12, 2010). Big Boi names his next solo album Daddy Fat Sax in honor of the great service he received at White Castle. Tiny Mix Tapes. Retrieved on September 4, 2010.
  49. ^ "Andre 3000 reveals a solo album is on the way". Archived from the original on March 1, 2009. Retrieved December 10, 2023.
  50. ^ Outkast, Ciara Headed for L.A. Reid's Epic Records, Sources Say. Billboard.biz (September 15, 2011). Retrieved on 2012-04-09.
  51. ^ Outkast Reunion Confirmed By Rico Wade. Vibe (January 3, 2014). Retrieved on 2014-05-28.
  52. ^ Muhammad, Latifah. "Big Boi: No New Outkast Album | News". BET. Retrieved July 11, 2014.
  53. ^ Outkast Announce Tour of Over 40 Festivals. Billboard (January 13, 2014). Retrieved on 2014-05-28.
  54. ^ Doe, John (September 11, 2016). "Outkast, Goodie Mob, and Dungeon Family reunion". Hotnewhiphop. Retrieved September 11, 2016.
  55. ^ "OutKast at Voodoo Music Experience 2014". setlist.fm. Retrieved October 11, 2020.
  56. ^ Hussey, Allison (October 8, 2020). "OutKast Announce 20th Anniversary Stankonia Reissue". Pitchfork. Pitchfork Media. Retrieved October 11, 2020.
  57. ^ "Outkast". Rolling Stone.
  58. ^ [1] [permanent dead link]
  59. ^ a b Swihart, Stanton. "Southernplayalisticadillacmuzik – OutKast". AllMusic. Retrieved November 20, 2012.
  60. ^ Hunt, Dennis (June 26, 1994). "Record Rack". Los Angeles Times. Los Angeles. Retrieved November 20, 2012.
  61. All Media Network
    . Retrieved September 13, 2013.
  62. ^ a b Reynolds, 2007. p. 333
  63. ^ Erlewine, Stephen Thomas. "Speakerboxxx/The Love Below – OutKast". AllMusic. Retrieved July 1, 2015.
  64. Yale Herald. Archived from the original
    on December 18, 2015. Retrieved May 10, 2014.
  65. ^ Herrington, Chris (October 14, 1998). "OutKast: Aquemini". City Pages. Voice Media Group. Archived from the original on May 12, 2014. Retrieved May 10, 2014.
  66. ^ Baker, Soren (September 27, 1998). "OutKast "Aquemini" LaFace/Arista". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved September 13, 2013.
  67. ^ Abramovich, Alex (December 14, 2001). "OutKast, the rappers who evolved". Slate. Retrieved February 16, 2016.
  68. ^ Wang, 2003. p. 133
  69. ^ "Killer Mike, Big Boi and Pill Recording Album Together". Archived from the original on August 25, 2011. Retrieved December 10, 2023.
  70. ^ Twitter / BigBoi: Mixing Killer Mike Album. Twitter.com (February 27, 2011). Retrieved on May 28, 2014
  71. ^ New Music: Ciara f/ André 3000 & Bei Maejor – 'Ride (Remix)'. Rap-Up.com. Retrieved on May 12, 2013.
  72. ^ Ke$ha f. Andre3000 – Sleazy Rmx | New Hip Hop Music & All The New Rap Songs 2011. HipHop DX (January 14, 2011). Retrieved on 2013-05-12.
  73. ^ Andre 3000 Clears Up Rumors About 'OutKast Collaboration' (Exclusive) |. Spin.com (January 15, 2013). Retrieved on 2013-05-29.
  74. ^ Phantogram Talks New Album, Future Big Boi Collaborations. Variancemagazine.com (February 3, 2014). Retrieved on 2014-05-28.
  75. ^ King, Aliya (April 17, 1999). "Rosa Parks Sues OutKast". Billboard: The International Newsweekly of Music, Video and Home Entertainment. 108 (4): 6.
  76. ^ "Rap Group Settles Rosa Parks Lawsuit". New York Times. nytimes.com. April 15, 2005. Retrieved February 24, 2019.
  77. ^ "Rosa Parks: Biography", section "Outkast & Rosa Parks." Biography.com. A&E Television Networks. April 2, 2014; updated January 16, 2019. Retrieved February 24, 2019.

Sources

  • Norris C: "Funk Soul Brothers", Spin, vol. 16/12 (2000), 142–8

External links

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