Outer Lands

Coordinates: 40°48′N 73°18′W / 40.8°N 73.3°W / 40.8; -73.3
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
For the historical Frisian term, see Uthlande.

40°48′N 73°18′W / 40.8°N 73.3°W / 40.8; -73.3

The "Outer Lands" coloured in green.

The Outer Lands is the prominent

Nantucket, Martha's Vineyard, the Elizabeth Islands, Block Island, and Long Island
, as well as surrounding islands and islets.

Though the existence of an arc or chain of islands[1][2] in this archipelago is widely acknowledged by geographers, it is rarely given a specific name; occasionally a descriptive term such as southern New England islands[3][4][5][6] or a technical term such as Cape Cod/Long Island ecoregion[7] or Long Island-Cape Cod Coastal Lowland[8] is used. The Isles of Stirling was the name granted in 1635 when the islands came into the possession of William Alexander, 1st Earl of Stirling. "Outer Lands" is a term popularized by author Dorothy Sterling in her 1967 natural history guide of the same name,[9] and used by later natural history authors such as Patrick J. Lynch.[10]

Divisions

The Massachusetts section is often called the "Cape and Islands", with the "Islands" subregion very specifically referring to Martha's Vineyard, Nantucket and other smaller islands in

Nantucket
counties.

Long Island is often informally considered a part of the "New York islands" alongside Staten Island and Manhattan. These islands are geographically contiguous with the broader region. (The insular Massachusetts sections were actually part of the Province of New York for most of the late 17th century.)

Other islands in Long Island Sound and Rhode Island Sound (Narragansett Bay Islands) are also often included in the region.

More rarely,

Sandy Hook
in New Jersey is included.

Geology

The Outer Lands forms the insular northeasternmost extension of North America's

Atlantic coastal plain. The islands of the Outer Lands were formed of terminal moraines deposited on a series of cuestas by the recession of the Laurentide Ice Sheet during the Wisconsin glaciation.[11][12]

Some of the islands are included in the archipelago due to proximity, despite key geological differences, such as

Manhattan Prong
.

The islands are separated from the mainland by a series of bays and sounds that used to make up Lake Connecticut, Lake Narragansett, and other glacial lakes.

Ecology

For eastern Long Island and areas east, the region is designated

Barrier Islands/Coastal Marshes". Western Long Island and along the north shore is largely 59g for "Long Island Sound Coastal Lowland", a part of the broader Northeastern Coastal Zone.[13][14][7]

The region is designated the "Long Island-Cape Cod Coastal Lowland", Major Land Resource Area 149B, by the United States Department of Agriculture, which also includes Staten Island.[8]

Culture

The region has historically had a strong maritime culture, with an emphasis on fishing. From eastern Long Island east, much of the region has in recent decades taken on a

summer colony character.[15]

See also

References

  1. ISBN 9780679761532
    .
  2. ISBN 9780940160392
    .
  3. ^ Geological Survey Research 1964. U.S. Government Printing Office. 1964. pp. C134.
  4. ISBN 9781555570019
    .
  5. ^ The Indian Use of Block Island Between 500 B.C. and A.D. 1676, National Register Nomination. Rhode Island Historical Preservation and Heritage Commission. 1990. p. 3.
  6. ISBN 9780080556277
    .
  7. ^ a b "Ecoregions of New York" (PDF). United States Geological Survey. 2010.
  8. ^ a b "Ecological Site Description System". esis.sc.egov.usda.gov. Retrieved 2018-07-05.
  9. LCCN 67011253
    .
  10. ^ "Field Guide to Cape Cod | Yale University Press". yalebooks.yale.edu. Retrieved 2018-07-17.
  11. ISBN 9783642783609
    .
  12. ISBN 9780123978066
    .
  13. ^ "USEPA Ecoregions Level III and IV". ArcGIS Hub. Retrieved 2018-07-05.
  14. ^ "Breeding Bird Atlas 2 Full Ecoregions". Mass Audubon. Retrieved 2018-07-17.
  15. ^ A Summer Place. New York Magazine. 1980-12-29. p. 30.
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