Outline of political science
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to politics and political science:
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academic, and religious segments of society.
Political science – the field concerning the theory and practice of politics and the description and analysis of political systems and political behavior.
Fields of study of political science
- Comparative politics
- Democratization
- Polarization
- Politicization
- Multi-level governance
- see § Electoral systems and § Political institutions
- Development studies
- Geopolitics and political geography
- Area studies
- Globalization studies
- Gender and politics
- Institutional theory
- International relations
- Security studies
- Critical security studies
- Copenhagen School
- Paris school
- Welsh school
- Security studies
- Nationalism studies
- Political behavior
- Political activism
- Political economy
- Political fiction
- Political research methodology
- Political sociology
- Political theory and philosophy
- Positive political theory
- Postcolonialism
- Psephology – study of elections
- Voting theory
- see § Electoral systems
- Policy analysis and Policy studies
- Strategic studies
Related disciplines
Political theory
- are illegitimate.
- Social anarchism views individual freedom as interrelated with mutual aid.[1]
- Individualist anarchism
- Democratic theory
- Athenian democracy a form of Greek democracy in which free male citizens had a direct vote on all government actions.
- city-states of the Italian Renaissance, such as the Republic of Venice.
- Representative democracy
- Direct democracy
- Radical democracy
- International relations theory
- Power in international relations
- Realism in international relations
- Idealism in international relations
- Liberalism (international relations)
- Neoliberalism (international relations)
- Marxist international relations theory
- Functionalism in international relations
- Critical international relations theory
- Majoritarianism
- Marxist schools of thought
- Marxism-Leninism
- Maoism
- Trotskyism
- Left communism
- Anti-revisionism
- Western Marxism
- Structural Marxism
- Neo-Marxism
- The Frankfurt School
- Autonomism
- Analytical Marxism
- Marxist Humanism
- Marxist feminism
- Post-Marxism
- Metapolitics
- Peace and conflict studies
- Political geography
- Political symbolism
- Postcolonialism
- Decoloniality
- Three-world model
- Third-Worldism
- Theories of state
- Consent of the governed
- Social contract
- Secession
- Right of rebellion
- Form of government
- Islamic state
- Nationalism
- Patriotism
- Sovereignty
- Consent of the governed
Decision-making
Election
- Electoral systems
- Plurality voting allows each voter to vote for a single candidate, with the candidate with most votes being the winner. It is often combined with single-member districts, resulting in a majoritarian democracy.
- Cardinal voting systems
- First-past-the-post voting
- Single non-transferable vote
- Limited voting
- Plurality-at-large voting
- General ticket
- multi-member districts to produce consensus democracy.
- Mixed electoral systems
- Mixed-member proportional representation
- Parallel voting
- Scorporo
- Majority bonus system
- Alternative vote plus
- Dual-member proportional representation
- Rural-urban proportional representation
- Plurality voting allows each voter to vote for a single candidate, with the candidate with most votes being the winner. It is often combined with single-member districts, resulting in a majoritarian democracy.
- Suffrage
- Disfranchisement
- Right of foreigners to vote
- Right of expatriates to vote in their country of origin
- Youth suffrage
- Wasted vote
- Voting
- Game theory
- Political campaign
- Political communications
- Political qualifications
Order of succession
Sortition
Political institutions
Branches of government
The
checks and balances
within government. The typical model has three branches, and is referred to as the trias politica.
- Legislature, deliberates and passes laws.
- Unicameralism
- Bicameralism
- Tricameralism
- Tetracameralism
- Multicameralism
- Executive, executes laws.
- Head of state, formal, often symbolic, leader of state. Sometimes has veto power over proposed legislation.
- Council of State.
- Chancellor
- Chief executive
- Chief minister
- First minister
- Premier
- Prime minister
- Judiciary, often involved in politics through judicial review.
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Political parties
Political behavior
Theories of political behaviour
- Political culture
- Civic political culture
- Parochial political culture
- Patrimonialism, a political culture which sees no difference between personal and political power.
- Peace and conflict studies
- Political psychology
- Impressionable years hypothesis
- Postmaterialism
- Right-Wing Authoritarianism
- Social Dominance Orientation
- System Justification Theory
Political strategy
Voting behavior
Political dysfunction
Types of polities and forms of government
By level of social organisation
- Traditional authority, political society which has not gone through state formation.
- Band society
- Big man
- Chiefdom
- Empire (before New Imperialism).
- Local government
- Unitary state (Unitarism)
- Federalism
- Regional integration
- Intergovernmental organization
- Supranational union
- Trade bloc
- Global governance
- World state
By formal power structure
By source of power
- Autocracy, the source of power is the leader.
- Democracy, the source of power are the people through popular sovereignty.
- Ethnocracy, the source of power is ethnicity.
- Meritocracy, the source of power is talent.
- Stratocracy, the source of power is the military.
- Theocracy, the source of power is God(s).
- Christian republic
- Halachic state
- Hindu nation
- Islamic state
- Oligarchy, the source of power is the elite.
- Aristocracy, the elite are hereditary.
- elderly.
- Plutocracy, the source of power is wealth.
Political ideologies and philosophies
- Authoritarianism
- Left-wing politics, usually focused on increasing egalitarianism.
- Centrism, usually defined by highly pragmatic politics.
- Liberalism, defined by high valuing of liberty.
- Right-libertarianism, often defined as high valuation of private property
- Paleolibertarianism
- Minarchism
- Anarcho-capitalism
- Right-wing politics, often defined by opposition to social change, and a veneration of tradition.
- Centre-right politics
- Conservatism
- Fiscal conservatism
- Fusionism
- Libertarian conservatism
- National conservatism
- Neoconservatism
- Paleoconservatism
- Social conservatism
- Traditional conservatism
- Far-right politics, political ideas which are described as reactionary, ultranationalist, chauvinistic, xenophobic or racist.[3]
- Identity politics, political ideologies concerned with the interests of the members of a specific group.
- Black power
- Feminism
- Gay pride
- Indigenism
- Islamism
- Nationalism, based on the centrality of the nation.
- Civic nationalism
- Ethnic nationalism
- Expansionist nationalism
- Irredentism
- Pan-nationalism
- Racial nationalism
- Left-wing nationalism
- Liberal nationalism
- Secessionism
- Zionism
Governments of the world
Government of Asia | |
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| Sovereign states |
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| States with limited recognition |
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| Dependencies and other territories |
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Political issues and policies
Rights
- Animal rights
- Civil and political rights, usually related to topics of negative liberty.
- Economic, social and cultural rights, usually cover issues of positive liberty.
- LGBT rights
- Minority rights
- Women's rights
Economic policy
- Agricultural policy
- Energy policy
- Nuclear energy policy
- Renewable energy policy
- Fiscal policy
- Industrial policy
- Investment policy
- Monetary policy
- Capital requirement
- Central bank
- Contractionary monetary policy
- Expansionary monetary policy
- Tax policy
- Internet taxation
- Tax cut
- Tax competition
- Tax holiday
- Tax reform
Foreign and security policy
- Arms control
- Nuclear disarmament
- Nuclear-free zone
- Nuclear nonproliferation
- Nuclear disarmament
- Criminal justice
- Space policy
- Extraterrestrial real estate
- Militarization of space
- Counter-terrorism
- International Trade
- Military policy
- Military recruitment
- Military-industrial complex
Social policy
- Cultural policy
- Environmental policy
- Climate change policy
- Fisheries management
- Drug policy
- Drug decriminalization
- Drug policy reform
- Harm reduction
- Legality of cannabis
- Legal status of cocaine
- Legal drinking age
- Legal status of methamphetamine
- Legal status of psilocybin mushrooms
- Legal status of Salvia divinorum
- Education policy and reform
- Immigration law
- Race relations
- Religion and politics
- Health policy
- Legality of euthanasia
- Stem cell controversy
- Universal healthcare
- Health care reform
- Welfare state
- Guaranteed minimum income
- Job guarantee
- Welfare reform
- Unemployment benefits
- Universal Basic Income
- Workfare
Politics by continent
Foreign relations by continents
Political parties by continent
| Sovereign states |
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| States with limited recognition | |
| Dependencies and other territories |
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History of politics
- History of political science
- History of political thinking
- Political history
Political scholars
- List of political scientists
- List of political philosophers
- List of social and political philosophers
- List of political theorists
Influential literature
- Sun Tsu(c. 544–496 BC)
- History of the Peloponnesian War by Thucydides (c. 460 – c. 400 BC)
- (427–347 BC)
- The Politics and Nicomachean Ethics – Aristotle (384–322 BC)
- Arthashastra – Chāṇakya[4] (c. 350–283 BC)
- Meditations – Marcus Aurelius, Roman Emperor 161–180 CE
- The Prince – by Niccolò Machiavelli (1469–1527)
- The Book of Five Rings – Miyamoto Musashi (c. 1584––1645)
- Leviathan – Thomas Hobbes (1588–1679)
- The Wealth of Nations – by Adam Smith (1723–1790)
- On War – by Carl von Clausewitz (1780–1831)
- The Communist Manifesto – by Karl Marx (1818–1883)
See also
- Anthropology
- Constitutional economics
- Debate
- Food politics
- Government simulation game
- Music and politics
- Policy
- Rule According to Higher Law
- Office politics
- Official statistics
- Organizational politics
- Political activism
- Political corruption
- Political criticism
- Political economy
- list)
- Political movement
- list by country)
- Political power
- Political psychology
- Political spectrum
- Theories of Political Behavior
Further reading
- Roskin, M.; Cord, R. L.; Medeiros, J. A.; Jones, W. S. (2007). Political Science: An Introduction. 10th ed. New York: ISBN 978-0-13-242575-9(13).
- Tausch, A.; Prager, F. (1993). Towards a Socio-Liberal Theory of World Development. Basingstoke: Macmillan; New York: St. Martin's Press.
References
- .
- ^ Mill, John Stuart (1861). "Chapter VII, Of True and False Democracy; Representation of All, and Representation of the Majority only". Considerations on Representative Government. London: Parker, Son, & Bourn.
- ^ Carlisle, Rodney P., ed., The Encyclopedia of Politics: The Left and the Right, Volume 2: The Right (Thousand Oaks, California, United States; London, England; New Delhi, India: Sage Publications, 2005) p. 693.
- ^ Mabbett 1964 "References to the work in other Sanskrit literature attribute it variously to Viṣṇugupta, Cāṇakya and Kauṭilya. The same individual is meant in each case. The Pańcatantra explicitly identifies Chanakya with Viṣṇugupta."
- ISBN 9780199270033. Archived from the originalon Mar 5, 2016.
- .
External links
Political science at Wikipedia's sister projects
Definitions from Wiktionary
Media from Commons
News from Wikinews
Quotations from Wikiquote
Texts from Wikisource
Textbooks from Wikibooks
Resources from Wikiversity
- American Political Science Association
- European Consortium for Political Research
- International Political Science Association
- Political Studies Association of the UK
- PROL: Political Science Research Online (prepublished research)[dead link]
- Truman State University, "Political Science Research Design Handbook"
- "A New Nation Votes - American Election Returns, 1787 - 1825". American Antiquarian Society -- Election Records Project. 13 November 2006. Archived from the original on Dec 8, 2006.
- "POLITICAL Domain Links IV". Hodges' Health Career Model. Archived from the original on Oct 20, 2014.