Ovenbird

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
For other uses, see Ovenbird (disambiguation).

Ovenbird
Temporal range: Holocene–present
↓

Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1)[1]
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Order: Passeriformes
Family: Parulidae
Genus: Seiurus
Swainson, 1827
Species:
S. aurocapilla
Binomial name
Seiurus aurocapilla
(Linnaeus, 1766)
Range of S. aurocapilla
  Breeding range
  Wintering range
Synonyms
  • Motacilla aurocapilla Linnaeus, 1766
  • Seiurus aurocapillus

The ovenbird (Seiurus aurocapilla) is a small songbird of the New World warbler family (Parulidae). This migratory bird breeds in eastern North America and winters in Central America, many Caribbean islands, Florida and northern Venezuela.[2][3]

Taxonomy

The

monotypic, containing only the ovenbird; it is genetically distinct from all other species in the family Parulidae, probably the first genus to evolve separately from the rest of the family.[4]

Before the recent genetic studies were carried out, the waterthrushes were also included in Seiurus;[3][5] these are now treated separately in the genus Parkesia as they are not very closely related to the ovenbird.[4]

The species name aurocapilla is a noun phrase, so the original spelling is retained, not changed according to the gender of the genus name; Linnaeus originally named it Motacilla aurocapilla, and the ending is not changed to -us as commonly cited in the past.[6] Etymologically aurocapilla comes from Latin and means "golden haired" and Seiurus is from Ancient Greek seiō, "to shake", and oura, "tail".[7]

Description

Québec (Canada
)
Video of male calling
Nest with chicks
Six-day-old chicks

Ovenbirds are large wood warblers and may sometimes be confused by the untrained for a thrush. Adults measure 11–16 cm (4.3–6.3 in) long and span 19–26 cm (7.5–10.2 in) across the wings.[8][9][10] They weigh 19 g (0.67 oz) on average,[11] with a range of 14–28.8 g (0.49–1.02 oz).[8] Among standard measurements, the wing chord is 6.8 to 8.3 cm (2.7 to 3.3 in), the tail is 5 to 5.8 cm (2.0 to 2.3 in), the bill is 1.1 to 1.3 cm (0.43 to 0.51 in) and the tarsus is 2 to 2.3 cm (0.79 to 0.91 in).[3] They tend to be heavier in winter and particularly at the start of their migration.[12] They have olive-brown upperparts and white underparts heavily streaked with black; the flanks have an olive hue. A white ring surrounds the eyes, and a black stripe runs below the cheek. They have a line of orange feathers with olive-green tips running along the top of their head, bordered on each side with blackish-brown. The orange feathers can be erected to form a small crest. The eyes and the upper part of the thin pointed beak are dark, while the lower beak is horn-colored and the legs and feet are pinkish.[2]

Males and females look alike. Immature birds have

wing coverts. Most conspicuously, the olive-green tips of the crown feathers, which are hardly visible in adult birds, are far larger in extent in immatures and cover the orange crown-stripe almost or completely.[2]

The main song of the ovenbird is a series of strident, relatively low-pitched, bisyallabic motives repeated without pause about eight times and increasing in volume. Usually, the second syllable in each motive is sharply accented: "chur-tee’ chur-tee’ chur-tee’ chur-tee’ chur-TEE chur-TEE chur-TEE!" Male ovenbirds utter a sweet chattering song in the air at twilight, after the manner of the

skylark,[13] incorporating portions of the main song into a jumble of sputtering notes and mimicry as they dive back to earth. The call is a variably pitched, sharp "chik!" Some variations recall the common call note of a downy woodpecker. If the bird is excited, it may repeat this call several times.[2]
The fight call is a high, rising siiii.

Ovenbird song recorded in Minnesota

Range and ecology

Their breeding

territorial all year round, occurring either singly or (in the breeding season) as mated pairs, for a short time accompanied by their young. During migration, they tend to travel in larger groups however, dispersing again once they reach their destination.[2]

In winter, they dwell mainly in lowlands, but may ascend up to 1,500 m (4,900 ft)

ASL e.g. in Costa Rica. The first migrants leave in late August and appear on the wintering grounds as early as September, with successive waves arriving until late October or so. They depart again to breed between late March and early May, arriving on the breeding grounds throughout April and May. Migration times do not seem to have changed much over the course of the 20th century.[2][14][15]

This bird seems just capable of crossing the

Atlantic, as there have been a handful of records in Norway, Ireland and Great Britain. However, half of the six finds were of dead birds. A live ovenbird on St Mary's, Isles of Scilly in October 2004 was in bad condition, and died despite being taken into care.[16]
Ovenbirds have been found to occasionally winter in Northern California as well, with one recently hanging out at William Land Park in Sacramento in 2024.[citation needed]

Ovenbirds forage on the ground in dead leaves, sometimes hovering or catching insects in flight. This bird frequently tilts its tail up and bobs its head while walking; at rest, the tail may be flicked up and slowly lowered again, and alarmed birds flick the tail frequently from a half-raised position. These birds mainly eat terrestrial arthropods and snails, and also include fruit[17] in their diet during winter.[2]

The nest, referred to as the "oven" (which gives the bird its name), is a domed structure placed on the ground, woven from vegetation, and containing a side entrance. The female usually lays 4-5 eggs speckled with brown or gray. Only the female incubates, for 11-14 days. Young are

altricial
and are fed by both parents. First flight is at 8-11 days of age.

The placement of the nest on the ground makes

chipmunks (Tamias) a greater concern than for tree-nesting birds. Chipmunks have been known to burrow directly into the nest to eat the young birds.[3]
The female can perform a distraction display, simulating a crippled bird, when a potential predator is in the vicinity of the nest.

The ovenbird is vulnerable to

IUCN.[1][3]

In literature

It is the subject of a poem by Robert Frost, "The Oven Bird", published in his poetry collection Mountain Interval in 1916. Robert Bly also makes reference to "the nimble oven bird" in his short poem "The Slim Fir Seeds".

References

  1. ^
    doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-3.RLTS.T22721779A139133223.en
    . Retrieved 21 February 2024.
  2. ^
    ISBN 0-8014-9600-4
  3. ^
    ISBN 0-7136-3932-6
    .
  4. ^
    PMID 20696258
    .
  5. ISBN 0-679-45122-6
    .
  6. ^ David, N.; Gosselin, M. (2002). "Gender agreement of avian species names" (PDF). Bull. Brit. Orn. Club. 122 (1): 14–49. [Seiurus aurocapilla, item #169, p. 38].
  7. ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4
    .
  8. ^ a b Ovenbird, Life History, All About Birds – Cornell Lab of Ornithology. Allaboutbirds.org. Retrieved on 2012-08-24.
  9. ^ Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute-Seiurus aurocapilla. Biogeodb.stri.si.edu. Retrieved on 2012-08-24.
  10. ^ Ovenbird (Seiurus aurocapilla) Archived 2014-02-02 at the Wayback Machine. Planet of Birds (2011-06-08). Retrieved on 2012-08-24.
  11. ^ Seiurus aurocapilla (Ovenbird). Global Species. Retrieved on 2012-08-24.
  12. Olson, Storrs L.; James, Helen F.; Meister, Charles A. (1981). "PDF fulltext Winter field notes and specimen weights of Cayman Island Birds" (PDF). Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club
    . 101 (3): 339–346.
  13. New International Encyclopedia
    (1st ed.). New York: Dodd, Mead.
  14. Wilson Bulletin
    . 18 (2): 47–60.
  15. ^ Ohio Ornithological Society (April 2004). "Annotated Ohio state checklist" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2004-07-18. Retrieved 2008-02-12.
  16. ^ Rogers, M. J. et al. (2005). Report on rare birds in Great Britain in 2004. British Birds 98: 628–694 [Ovenbird, p. 688].
  17. doi:10.1017/S0959270906000554
    .


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