Pakistani diaspora
This article may require copy editing for grammar, style, cohesion, tone, or spelling. (June 2023) |
Total population | |
---|---|
c. 9,956,000 (2022 estimate)[a] | |
Regions with significant populations | |
Saudi Arabia | 2,714,684 (2019-2020 estimate)[1] |
United Arab Emirates | 1,600,000 (2019-2020 estimate)[1] |
United Kingdom | 1,587,819 (2021 official UK census)[2][b] |
India | 918,982 (2011 census)[3] |
United States | 629,946 (official 2021 census)[4] |
Kuwait | 339,033 (2020 estimate)[5] |
Canada | 303,260 (2021 official census)[6] |
Oman | 250,092 (2020 estimate)[5] |
Qatar | 235,505 (2020 estimate)[5][7] |
Germany | 140,000 (2022 official)[8] |
Italy | 134,492 (2021 official)[9] |
Bahrain | 117,000 (2019-2020 estimate)[1] |
Afghanistan | 221,432 (2015 estimate)[5] |
Spain | 108,710 (2022 official)[10] |
Australia | 89,633 (2021 official census)[11] |
Malaysia | 85,013 (2020 estimate)[5][12] |
Norway | 46,300 (2023 official)[13] |
Greece | 34,177 (2011 official census)[14] |
France | 29,387 (2019 official)[15] |
Sweden | 27,292 (2022 official)[16] |
Netherlands | 27,261 (2022 official)[17] |
Denmark | 26,714 (2023 official estimate)[18] |
Japan | 23,417 (2023 official)[19] |
Languages | |
English, Urdu, Punjabi, Pashto, Sindhi, Balochi, Hindko, other languages of Pakistan and languages spoken in respective country of residence. | |
Religion | |
Predominantly Islam minorities of Christianity, Hinduism, and Sikhism. |
Overseas Pakistanis (
The vast majority, over 4.7 million, reside in the
Terminology
The term Overseas Pakistani is officially recognised by the Government of Pakistan. The term refers to Pakistani citizens who have not resided in Pakistan for a specified period (for the purpose of income tax) and people born abroad who are of Pakistani descent.
National Identity Card for Overseas Pakistanis
The National Identity Card for Overseas Pakistanis, or NICOP, is a
Pakistan Origin Card
The Pakistan Origin Card, or POC, is issued by Pakistani embassies/high commissions to people of Pakistani origin living abroad.[25] POC are not issued to those with dual nationalities.[26]
Emigration from Pakistan
Emigration from the territories that now constitute Pakistan began as early as 3000 BC.
Prehistoric
The presence of
Middle Ages
During the 10th century, Arabic chronicles mention tribes coming in contact with Baloch settlers.
Colonial era (1842–1947)
After the fall of Sindh in 1842 and Punjab in 1849, a large part of the territory of today's Pakistan came under rule of the
Many people from modern Pakistan migrated and settled in Malaysia, which was also part of the British Empire. The
Post independence
1947 to 1970
Emigration from Pakistan was relatively small between 1947 and 1970. The rapid industrialization process of Pakistan during the 1950s and 1960s, coupled with the introduction of modern agricultural practices, pushed out surplus labor leading to mass rural to urban migration, primarily to Karachi.[47] During this time period, the majority of Pakistanis who went abroad considered themselves to be "sojourners", who left to earn money abroad but not to settle, or were students who intended to return to Pakistan when their degree programs were completed. By 1971, no more than 900,000 Pakistanis lived abroad with the majority residing in the United Kingdom and Saudi Arabia. In 1959, small numbers of Pakistanis were found to be working in Bahrain, Kuwait, and elsewhere in the Persian Gulf. By 1960, the Pakistani community in Bahrain numbered 2200 while almost half of the population in Kuwait comprised non-nationals, and of them a small number came from Pakistan. Pakistan was already the single most important source of non-Arab expatriate labor in the Kuwait Oil Company (representing about 19% of the workforce) and trailed only Americans among those working for Saudi Aramco in Saudi Arabia, who represented 6% of the workforce.[48]
The first mass migration of Pakistanis began in 1965 during the construction of
1971 to present
The availability of a large-scale labor force from Pakistan resulted from a combination of economic, social, and institutional factors at home. By 1970, Pakistan was passing through a serious economic and political crisis which eventually led to the secession of East Pakistan in 1971. The rapid economic development of the 1950s and 1960s could not be sustained by 1970 and a wave of nationalization of business and industry was unfolding under Prime Minister
Today, over 7.6 million Pakistanis live abroad, with an estimated 4 million Pakistanis in the
.Ministry of Overseas Pakistanis and Human Resource Development
The Ministry of Overseas Pakistanis and Human Resource Development is a ministry of the Government of Pakistan that oversees matters concerning Overseas Pakistanis and human resource development in Pakistan. Pir Syed Sadaruddin Shah Rashidi is the current minister.[59] The ministry was created in June 2013, from a merger of the Ministry of Overseas Pakistanis[60][61] and the Ministry of Human Resource Development.[62] which was established in 2008. The Bureau of Emigration & Overseas Employment appoints Community Welfare Attachés around the world to establish and maintain close contacts with the foreign firms who are in need of manpower for their ventures in different countries, and to aid in the welfare of overseas Pakistanis. CWAs are currently located in:[63]
- Bahrain (Manama)
- Greece, (Athens)
- Italy (Milan)
- Kuwait (Kuwait City)
- Malaysia (Kuala Lumpur)
- Norway (Oslo)
- Muscat)
- Qatar (Doha)
- Saudi Arabia (Jeddah, Riyadh)
- Spain (Barcelona)
- United Arab Emirates (Abu Dhabi, Dubai, Sharjah)
- United Kingdom (London, Manchester, Birmingham, Glasgow)
- Canada (Toronto, Vancouver)
- United States (New York City, Washington, D.C., Chicago, Houston, Los Angeles)
- Germany (Frankfurt)
Overseas Pakistanis Foundation
The Overseas Pakistanis Foundation (OPF) was established July 1979, with its head office at
- Regional Office Karachi, Sindh (ROK)- Karachi Metropolitan Area and Sindh
- Regional Office Lahore, Punjab (ROL) - Punjab
- Regional Office Multan, Punjab (ROM) - some divisions of Punjab under ROM like Multan, Bahawalpur, Dera Ghazi Khan
- Regional Office Northern Areas, Mirpur (AJK) - Azad Jammu and Kashmir
- Regional Office Peshawar, Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa (ROP) - Khyber Pakthunkhwa
- Regional Office Quetta, Balochistan (ROQ) - Balochistan
Relations with Pakistan
Millions of Pakistanis emigrated to various countries during the 1970s and 1980s. Unlike European immigrants who settled permanently in the new world, many Pakistanis who emigrated considered themselves to be "sojourners", who left to earn money abroad but not to settle, or were students who intended to return to Pakistan when their degree programs were completed.
Little Pakistan
Little Pakistan is a general name for an ethnic enclave populated primarily by Pakistanis or people of Pakistani ancestry abroad.
Pakistan International School
Pakistan International Schools are
From the Middle East
Since the independence of Pakistan in 1947, there has been a large population of Pakistanis in the Middle East,
From Europe
Since the 1990s, a large number of Pakistanis who settled in Europe have been returning to Pakistan. Those who were born in Europe have also maintained close links to Pakistani culture. However, there are some instances of children not learning
).From America
Very small numbers of Pakistanis from
.Remittances
Year | Remittance ($ billion) |
---|---|
2003 | 4.23
|
2004 | 3.87
|
2005 | 4.17
|
2006 | 4.61
|
2007 | 6.51
|
2008 | 7.81
|
2009 | 8.91
|
2010 | 9.32
|
2011 | 11.21
|
2012 | 13.19
|
2013 | 13.90
|
2014 | 15.80
|
2015 | 18.72
|
2016 | 19.92
|
2017 | 22.30
|
2018 | 19.9
|
2019 | 21.7
|
2020 | 23.1
|
2021 | 29.4
|
2022 | 31.2
|
2023 | 27
|
Population by country
Pakistan + 1,000,000 + 100,000 | + 10,000 + 1,000 No data |
Population of Pakistanis abroad, by country, according to the 2019-20 Ministry of Overseas Pakistanis and Human Resource Development Yearbook,[1] or other estimates (if indicated).
World region / Country | Article | Overseas Pakistani population |
---|---|---|
Eastward Asia | ~1,108,600 | |
India | Pakistanis in India | 918,982 (2011 census)[3] |
Malaysia | Pakistanis in Malaysia | 85,013 (2020 estimate)[5][12] |
Japan | Pakistanis in Japan | 22,118 (2022 official)[71] |
Hong Kong | Pakistanis in Hong Kong | 18,178 (2021 census)[72] |
China | Pakistanis in China | 15,000 |
South Korea | Pakistanis in South Korea | 13,990 (2019 official)[73] |
Bangladesh | Pakistanis in Bangladesh |
11,196 (2011 census)[74] |
Indonesia | Pakistanis in Indonesia |
8,645 (2020 estimate)[5] |
Thailand | Pakistanis in Thailand | 6,500 |
Singapore | Pakistanis in Singapore | 4,562 (2012)[75] |
Myanmar | Pakistanis in Burma |
3,101 (2020 estimate)[5] |
Nepal | Pakistanis in Nepal |
1,212 (2020 estimate)[5] |
Sri Lanka | Pakistanis in Sri Lanka | 1,083 (2020 estimate)[5] |
Brunei | Pakistanis in Brunei | 893 (2020 estimate)[5] |
Vietnam | Pakistanis in Vietnam |
622 (2020 estimate)[5] |
Philippines | Pakistanis in Philippines |
451 (2020 census)[76] |
Maldives | Pakistanis in Maldives |
450 |
Cambodia | Pakistanis in Cambodia | 350 |
East Timor | Pakistanis in East Timor | 301 (2020 estimate)[5] |
Taiwan | Pakistanis in Taiwan [c] | 259 (2022 official)[78] |
North Korea | Pakistanis in North Korea | 172 (2020 estimate)[5] |
Laos | Pakistanis in Laos | 50 |
Bhutan | Pakistanis in Bhutan | 21 (2020 estimate)[5] |
Mongolia | Pakistanis in Mongolia |
21 (2020 estimate)[5] |
Middle (East) Crescent[d] | ~5,430,900 | |
Saudi Arabia | Pakistanis in Saudi Arabia | 2,714,684 |
United Arab Emirates | Pakistanis in the United Arab Emirates | 1,600,000 |
Kuwait | Pakistanis in Kuwait | 339,033 (2020 estimate)[5] |
Oman | Pakistanis in Oman | 250,092 (2020 estimate)[5] |
Qatar | Pakistanis in Qatar | 235,505 (2020 estimate)[5][7] |
Bahrain | Pakistanis in Bahrain | 117,000 |
Afghanistan | Pakistanis in Afghanistan | 102,500 (2020 estimate)[5] |
Türkiye | Pakistanis in Türkiye |
17,290 (2021 official)[80] |
Jordan | Pakistanis in Jordan |
16,500 |
Iran | Pakistanis in Iran | 14,320 (2016 census)[81] |
Libya | Pakistanis in Libya | 6,000 |
Cyprus | Pakistanis in Cyprus |
4,000 |
Yemen | Pakistanis in Yemen | 3,024 (2017 estimate)[82] |
Algeria | Pakistanis in Algeria |
2,500 |
Kyrgyzstan | Pakistanis in Kyrgyzstan |
2000 |
Sudan | Pakistanis in Sudan |
2,000 |
Lebanon | Pakistanis in Lebanon |
721 (2020 estimate)[5] |
Iraq | Pakistanis in Iraq |
688 (2020 estimate)[5] |
Egypt | Pakistanis in Egypt | 619 (2020 estimate)[5] |
Tunisia | Pakistanis in Tunisia | 500 |
Syria | Pakistanis in Syria |
481 |
Uzbekistan | Pakistanis in Uzbekistan |
357 |
Kazakhstan | Pakistanis in Kazakhstan |
350 |
Azerbaijan | Pakistanis in Azerbaijan |
274 (2022 official)[83] |
Morocco | Pakistanis in Morocco |
176 (2017 estimate)[82] |
Tajikistan | Pakistanis in Tajikistan |
103 (2020 estimate)[5] |
Georgia | Pakistanis in Georgia | 27[1] 86 (2002 census)[84] |
Mauritania | Pakistanis in Mauritania | 50 |
Turkmenistan | Pakistanis in Turkmenistan |
14 |
Sub-Saharan Africa | ~43,700 | |
South Africa | Pakistanis in South Africa | 11,157 (2016 official)[85][86] |
Kenya | Pakistanis in Kenya |
10,000 |
Uganda | Pakistanis in Uganda | 5,000 |
Mozambique | Pakistanis in Mozambique | 4,423 (2020 estimate)[87] |
Tanzania | Pakistanis in Tanzania |
3,050 |
Nigeria | Pakistanis in Nigeria |
2,050 |
Mali | Pakistanis in Mali | 1,500 |
Zimbabwe | Pakistanis in Zimbabwe |
700 |
Malawi | Pakistanis in Malawi | 515 |
Burundi | Pakistanis in Burundi | 500 |
Rwanda | Pakistanis in Rwanda | 500 |
Liberia | Pakistanis in Liberia | 500 |
Botswana | Pakistanis in Botswana |
464 (2020 estimate)[5] |
Lesotho | Pakistanis in Lesotho | 419 (2020 estimate)[5] |
Mauritius | Pakistanis in Mauritius |
378 |
Zambia | Pakistanis in Zambia | 350 |
Djibouti | Pakistanis in Djibouti |
300 |
South Sudan | Pakistanis in South Sudan | 250 |
Ethiopia | Pakistanis in Ethiopia | 240 |
Namibia | Pakistanis in Namibia | 173 (2020 estimate)[5] |
Madagascar | Pakistanis in Madagascar |
138 |
Senegal | Pakistanis in Senegal |
122 |
Congo DR | Pakistanis in Democratic Republic of the Congo | 115 |
Gambia | Pakistanis in Gambia | 109 |
Eritrea | Pakistanis in Eritrea | 100 |
Sierra Leone | Pakistanis in Sierra Leone | 86 (2020 estimate)[5] |
Ghana | Pakistanis in Ghana |
76 (2020 estimate)[5] |
Angola | Pakistanis in Angola | 75 |
Somalia | Pakistanis in Somalia | 72 (2017 estimate)[82] |
Niger | Pakistanis in Niger |
68 |
Ivory Coast | Pakistanis in Ivory Coast | 66 |
Réunion (France) | Pakistanis in Réunion | 45 (2015 census)[84] |
Guinea | Pakistanis in Guinea | 29 (2014 census)[84] |
Seychelles | Pakistanis in Seychelles |
28 |
Comoros | Pakistanis in Comoros |
14 |
Guinea Bissau | Pakistanis in Guinea Bissau | 10 |
Latin America | 4,200+ | |
Brazil | Pakistanis in Brazil | 2,348 (2022 official)[88] |
Chile | Pakistanis in Chile |
653 (2017 census)[89] |
Mexico | Pakistanis in Mexico |
331 (2020 census)[90] |
Ecuador | Pakistanis in Ecuador | 225 |
Peru | Pakistanis in Peru |
153 (2017 official)[91] |
Panama | Pakistanis in Panama | 99 (2020 estimate)[5] |
Dominican Republic | Pakistanis in Dominican Republic | 75 (2010 census)[92] |
Uruguay | Pakistanis in Uruguay | 75 |
Argentina | Pakistanis in Argentina |
64 (2010 census)[84] |
Bolivia | Pakistanis in Bolivia |
40 |
Venezuela | Pakistanis in Venezuela | 40 |
Colombia | Pakistanis in Colombia |
37 (2018 census)[93] |
Paraguay | Pakistanis in Paraguay |
30 |
Guatemala | Pakistanis in Guatemala | 26 (2020 estimate)[5] |
Nicaragua | Pakistanis in Nicaragua | 14 |
Puerto Rico (USA) | Pakistanis in Puerto Rico | 10 (2021 census)[94] |
Northern America and the Caribbean | 933,400+ | |
United States | Pakistani American |
629,946 (official 2021 census)[4] |
Canada | Pakistani Canadian |
303,260 (2021 official census)[6] |
Trinidad and Tobago | Pakistanis in Trinidad and Tobago | 88 |
Bermuda (UK) | Pakistanis in Bermuda | 29 (2020 estimate)[5] |
Guyana | Pakistanis in Guyana | 25 |
Suriname | Pakistanis in Suriname |
25 |
Grenada | Pakistanis in Grenada | 21 |
Cayman Islands (UK) | Pakistanis in Cayman Islands | 11 (2019 official)[95] |
Barbados | Pakistanis in Barbados | 10 |
Europe | 2,275,100+ | |
United Kingdom | British Pakistanis, Pakistanis in London |
United Kingdom: 1,174,983 (2011 official UK census)[2][b] England: 1,570,287 (2021 census)[96] Scotland: 49,381 (2011 census)[2] Wales: 17,535 (2021 census)[96] Northern Ireland: 1,596 (2021 census)[97] |
Germany | Pakistanis in Germany | 140,000 (2022 official)[8] |
Italy | Pakistanis in Italy | 134,492 (2021 official)[9] |
Spain | Pakistanis in Spain | 108,710 (2022 official)[10] |
Norway | Pakistanis in Norway |
46,300 (2023 official)[13] |
Greece | Pakistanis in Greece |
34,177 (2011 official census)[14] |
France | Pakistanis in France | 29,387 (2019 official)[15] |
Sweden | Pakistanis in Sweden |
27,292 (2022 official)[16] |
Netherlands | Pakistanis in the Netherlands | 27,261 (2022 official)[17] |
Denmark | Pakistanis in Denmark | 26,714 (2023 official estimate)[18] |
Belgium | Pakistanis in Belgium | 19,247 (2012 official estimate)[98] |
Republic of Ireland | Pakistanis in Ireland | 12,891 (2016 official census)[99] |
Portugal | Pakistanis in Portugal |
10,828 (2022 official)[100] |
Austria | Pakistanis in Austria |
5,914 (2021 census)[101] |
Finland | Pakistanis in Finland |
4,726 (2022 official estimate)[102] |
Switzerland | Pakistanis in Switzerland | 3,217 (2020 official estimate)[103] |
Ukraine | Pakistanis in Ukraine |
2,000 |
Russia | Pakistanis in Russia | 1,878 (2015 official)[104] |
Hungary | Pakistanis in Hungary |
1,719 (2022 official)[15] |
Poland | Pakistanis in Poland |
1,318 |
Romania | Pakistanis in Romania |
1,032 (2020 estimate)[15] |
Czech Republic | Pakistanis in Czech Republic |
979 (2022 official)[105] |
Estonia | Pakistanis in Estonia | 555 (2021 census)[106] |
Malta | Pakistanis in Malta |
549 (2020 estimate)[5] |
Albania | Pakistanis in Albania |
491 (irregular foreigners) (2019 official)[107] |
Bulgaria | Pakistanis in Bulgaria |
456 (2022 official)[15] |
Luxembourg | Pakistanis in Luxembourg | 206 (2020 official)[108] |
Latvia | Pakistanis in Latvia | 144 (2023 official)[109] |
Iceland | Pakistanis in Iceland |
137 (2022 official)[110] |
Slovakia | Pakistanis in Slovakia |
130 (2020 official)[15] |
Belarus | Pakistanis in Belarus | 120 |
Lithuania | Pakistanis in Lithuania | 51 (2021 census)[84] |
Slovenia | Pakistanis in Slovenia |
41 (2022 official)[111] |
Serbia | Pakistanis in Serbia |
28 |
Bosnia and Herzegovina | Pakistanis in Bosnia and Herzegovina |
25 |
Moldova | Pakistanis in Moldova |
16 (2021 official)[112] |
Croatia | Pakistanis in Croatia |
10 |
Oceania | 97,660+ | |
Australia | Pakistani Australian |
89,633 (2021 official census)[11] |
New Zealand | Pakistani New Zealander |
6,135 (2018 census)[113] |
Fiji | Pakistanis in Fiji | 1,867 (2020 estimate)[5] |
Total overseas Pakistani population | ~9,956,000 |
See also
Diasporas of Pakistani ethnic groups
- Baloch diaspora
- Kashmiri diaspora
- Hazara diaspora
- Muhajir diaspora
- Pashtun diaspora
- Punjabi diaspora
- Sindhi diaspora
- Saraiki diaspora
Other
Notes
- ^ calculated total for collected data of population by country, from different sources (censuses, migration data, etc.). See statistics by country.
- ^ a b This census figure may not include recent immigrants or people of partial Pakistani ancestry.
- ^ [77]
- ^ comprising Central Asia, Middle East and North Africa – this area resembles a crescent[79] straddling in the middle of Europe, Africa and Asia
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South Korea is another emerging economic powerhouse, as is the Republic of China (ROC), a small country that occupies the island of Taiwan in the shadow of its enormous and hostile mainland neighbor, the PRC.
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Moreover, its status as a vibrant democratic state has earned it huge international sympathy and a generally positive image.
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Much has changed in Taiwan since Chiang's day, but this liminal quality has never really gone away. By almost any functional standard, it's a sovereign country
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These six criteria demonstrate that under international law Taiwan merits recognition as an independent state and as such is already a de facto state.
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Taiwan possesses all of the elements of a sovereign state: a legitimate government, population, and a well-defined territory. The fact is that the People's Republic of China (PRC), while claiming sovereignty over Taiwan, has never ruled Taiwan since the PRC's establishment in 1949. Thus, Taiwan is in fact a sovereign country from our perspective.
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dette området minner om en "crescent"
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http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/7174294.stm
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