Pachakutik Plurinational Unity Movement – New Country

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

Pachakutik Plurinational Unity Movement – New Country
Movimiento de Unidad Plurinacional Pachakutik – Nuevo País
4 / 137
Prefects
1 / 23
Mayors
26 / 221
Website
pachakutik.org

The Pachakutik Plurinational Unity Movement – New Country (

left-wing[4][5] indigenist party in Ecuador. It was founded primarily as a way to advance the interests of a wide variety of indigenous peoples
' organizations throughout Ecuador.

History

In the context of Ecuador's indigenous movement, Pachakutik emerged in 1995 after civil society mobilizations by large indigenous organizations such as

CONAIE and CONFENAIE. These movements had previously espoused an abstentionist position in relation to electoral politics, but came together to form Coordinadora de Movimientos Sociales (Social Movement Cooperation, CMS) and then Pachakutik to serve as an alternative to the traditional cluster of political parties that had ruled Ecuadorian politics.[6] However, the party is not formally affiliated with CONAIE.[citation needed
]

Pachakutik is a term taken from the Quechua pacha, meaning "time and space" or "the world"; and kuti', meaning "upheaval" or "revolution".[7] Its aim is not just to win elections but to initiate a democratic transformation of Ecuadorian society, centring on the neglected needs of the indigenous.[6]

In 1996, its electoral strategy was to concentrate on areas where CONAIE or CMS were strong, but it was able to recruit TV personality Freddy Ehlers and CONAIE leader Luis Macas to its list, adding to its national prominence.[6]

The party has been a topic of controversy among indigenous peoples throughout Ecuador because of its nature as a political party.[citation needed]

According to American-Venezuelan lawyer

better source needed] by referring to a National Democratic Institute (NDI, one of the four institutes funded by NED) report from 2007 describing Pachakutik being trained by the NDI in "Triangle of Party Best Practices and strategic planning methodologies" as part of NDI's Latin American/Caribbean Political Party Network of over 1400 individual members, funded under NED Core Grants 2000-031, 2001-048, 2003-028, and 2004-036.[11]

Political position

The party's core commitments are to environmentalism, social justice and indigenous rights to recognition and land.[12]

One of the most determined adversaries of the Correa government is Marlon Santi (of the Amazonian Sarayaku people, president of CONAIE (2008-2011) and national coordinator of Pachakutik since 2016) described this eco-socialist position:

The development proposed by the national government is an aggressive development that fails to view Mother Earth as a space of life, or a space that generates life … We promote an alternative and progressive development that respects the rights of the environment, of human beings and of nature. The government, or the economic power, does not understand the model of life that the indigenous movement has launched regarding our spaces of life where also the majority of natural wealth is to be found, such as water, oil and minerals.[13]

According to left-wing Ecuadorian scholar Pablo Ospina Peralta, it is "a social movement that is diverse, popular, and multicultural. It has been forged in social mobilization, community resistance, and the chaotic and disorganized work of grassroots organizing."[14]

The Rights of Nature: Sumak Kawsay

After lobbying by the four Pachakutik members of the

buen vivir in Spanish, meaning "good living", signifying the rights of nature).[15]

Electoral history

Pachakutik participated in the

National Congress of Ecuador
, the presence of the party was undeniable. For the first time indigenous citizens of Ecuador were present in Congress, representing the interests of all groups throughout the country.

Pachakutik, along with a strong

coup d'état in 2000 organized by CONAIE in association with sympathetic members of the military. Although after only hours of taking the capital and instituting a three-man junta including CONAIE president Antonio Vargas
the government dissipated, echoing CONAIE's frustration. Pachakutik has since distanced itself somewhat from CONAIE while still remaining intensely involved with gaining indigenous rights.

At the

Patriotic Society Party 21 January
won 20.3% of the vote in the presidential elections of the same day and won the second round with 58.7%. After three months of government Gutierrez broke up its alliance with Pachakutik and he discharged its ministers. The party soon grew to despise him and publicly criticize him. In 2003 they even began to call for the removal of President Gutiérrez publicly in the media.

However, with Gutierrez out, the return of Luis Macas to the presidency of CONAIE and the opposition to the signature of an agreement of free trade with United States, they have been able to reunify to the movement.{

At the 2006 elections, the party won at least 6 out of 100 seats. Its candidate Luis Macas, obtained 2.19% of the vote in the presidential elections of the same day.

At the 2009 elections, the party had its worst results since its founding, but still maintains representation, with 4 seats out of 124 in National Assembly.

At the 2013 elections, the party won at least 5 out of 137 seats. Its candidate Alberto Acosta, obtained 3.26% of the vote in the presidential elections of the same day.

The party made significant electoral gains in 2021, winning 27 seats in the National Assembly. The good performance was partly owed due to their prominent role in the 2019 Ecuadorian protests. 2021 represented a breakthrough beyond indigenous voters, as it "struck a chord with young and disenchanted voters who responded to its call for greater protection of the environment and focus on gender issues."[16]

Electoral results

Presidential elections

Year Candidates First Round Second Round Results Notes
President Vice President Votes % Votes %
1996 Freddy Ehlers Rosana Vinueza 785,124 21% 3rd
2002 Lucio Gutiérrez Alfredo Palacio 943,123 21% 2,803,243 55% Elected Coalition with
PSP
2006 Luis Macas César Sacoto 119,577 2% 6th
2013 Alberto Acosta Marcia Caicedo 280,539 3% 6th Parte de la UPI
2017 Paco Moncayo Monserratt Bustamante 634,030 7% 4th Parte del ANC
2021 Yaku Pérez Virna Cedeño 1,798,057 19% 3rd

Legislative elections

Election Votes Votes % Seats +/–
1996 718,983 20.4
19 / 82
2002 325,365 9.2
5 / 120
Decrease 14
2006
11 / 100
Increase 6
2007
6 / 100
Decrease 5
2009 948,638 1.5
4 / 124
Decrease 2
2013 4,149,243 4.73
5 / 137
Increase 1
As a part of the alliance Plurinational Unity of the Lefts
2017 2,740,043 2.67
4 / 137
Decrease 1
2021 1,348,595 16.81
27 / 137
Increase 23

See also

References

  1. ^ "3,5 millones de firmas avalan a 16 grupos políticos". 6 September 2016.
  2. ^ "Ecuador: El enfrentamiento es entre las izquierdas". 10 February 2021.
  3. ^ "Pachakutik, el movimiento indigenista que desde 2009 enfrenta a Rafael Correa".
  4. ^ a b "Two Different Visions of the Left Divide Ecuador in the 2021 Presidential Election". NACLA. 13 February 2021. Retrieved 14 July 2021.
  5. ^ "How the Right Returned to Power in Ecuador". NACLA. 20 May 2021. Retrieved 14 July 2021.
  6. ^
    ISSN 1557-2021
    .
  7. ^ "Pachakuti: Indigenous perspectives, degrowth and ecosocialism". Transnational Institute. 22 October 2010. Retrieved 11 February 2021.
  8. ^ a b Golinger, Eva (1 October 2010). "Behind the Coup in Ecuador - The Attack on ALBA". Postcards from the Revolution blog. Archived from the original on 3 October 2010. Retrieved 2 October 2010.
  9. ^ Santi, Marlon (6 October 2010). "The Alleged Coup d'Etat, Democracy, and the Indigenous Organizations". Narco News. Archived from the original on 11 October 2010. Retrieved 7 October 2010.
  10. ^ Golinger, Eva (7 October 2010). "Evidence of NED funding/aid to groups in Ecuador involved in coup against Correa". Postcards from the Revolution blog. Eva Golinger. Archived from the original on 24 October 2010. Retrieved 8 October 2010.
  11. ^ "Latin America and the Caribbean: Political Party Network - Final Evaluation Report" (PDF). National Democratic Institute. 2007. Archived (PDF) from the original on 8 October 2010. Retrieved 8 October 2010.
  12. ISSN 0803-9410
    .
  13. .
  14. ^ "The Divided Left in Ecuador". Dissent Magazine. 12 April 2021. Retrieved 14 July 2021.
  15. ISSN 1663-9375
    . Retrieved 11 February 2021.
  16. ^ "Ecuador's Yaku Pérez: 'A triumph even if we don't get to the second round'". Financial Times. 7 March 2021. Archived from the original on 11 December 2022. Retrieved 14 July 2021.

Further reading

External links