Pachakutik Plurinational Unity Movement – New Country
Pachakutik Plurinational Unity Movement – New Country Movimiento de Unidad Plurinacional Pachakutik – Nuevo País | ||
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Seats in the National Assembly | 4 / 137
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Prefects | 1 / 23 | |
Mayors | 26 / 221 | |
Website | ||
pachakutik | ||
Ecuador portal |
The Pachakutik Plurinational Unity Movement – New Country (
History
In the context of Ecuador's indigenous movement, Pachakutik emerged in 1995 after civil society mobilizations by large indigenous organizations such as
Pachakutik is a term taken from the Quechua pacha, meaning "time and space" or "the world"; and kuti', meaning "upheaval" or "revolution".[7] Its aim is not just to win elections but to initiate a democratic transformation of Ecuadorian society, centring on the neglected needs of the indigenous.[6]
In 1996, its electoral strategy was to concentrate on areas where CONAIE or CMS were strong, but it was able to recruit TV personality Freddy Ehlers and CONAIE leader Luis Macas to its list, adding to its national prominence.[6]
The party has been a topic of controversy among indigenous peoples throughout Ecuador because of its nature as a political party.[citation needed]
According to American-Venezuelan lawyer
Political position
The party's core commitments are to environmentalism, social justice and indigenous rights to recognition and land.[12]
One of the most determined adversaries of the Correa government is Marlon Santi (of the Amazonian Sarayaku people, president of CONAIE (2008-2011) and national coordinator of Pachakutik since 2016) described this eco-socialist position:
The development proposed by the national government is an aggressive development that fails to view Mother Earth as a space of life, or a space that generates life … We promote an alternative and progressive development that respects the rights of the environment, of human beings and of nature. The government, or the economic power, does not understand the model of life that the indigenous movement has launched regarding our spaces of life where also the majority of natural wealth is to be found, such as water, oil and minerals.[13]
According to left-wing Ecuadorian scholar Pablo Ospina Peralta, it is "a social movement that is diverse, popular, and multicultural. It has been forged in social mobilization, community resistance, and the chaotic and disorganized work of grassroots organizing."[14]
The Rights of Nature: Sumak Kawsay
After lobbying by the four Pachakutik members of the
Electoral history
Pachakutik participated in the
Pachakutik, along with a strong
At the
However, with Gutierrez out, the return of Luis Macas to the presidency of CONAIE and the opposition to the signature of an agreement of free trade with United States, they have been able to reunify to the movement.{
At the 2006 elections, the party won at least 6 out of 100 seats. Its candidate Luis Macas, obtained 2.19% of the vote in the presidential elections of the same day.
At the 2009 elections, the party had its worst results since its founding, but still maintains representation, with 4 seats out of 124 in National Assembly.
At the 2013 elections, the party won at least 5 out of 137 seats. Its candidate Alberto Acosta, obtained 3.26% of the vote in the presidential elections of the same day.
The party made significant electoral gains in 2021, winning 27 seats in the National Assembly. The good performance was partly owed due to their prominent role in the 2019 Ecuadorian protests. 2021 represented a breakthrough beyond indigenous voters, as it "struck a chord with young and disenchanted voters who responded to its call for greater protection of the environment and focus on gender issues."[16]
Electoral results
Presidential elections
Year | Candidates | First Round | Second Round | Results | Notes | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
President | Vice President | Votes | % | Votes | % | |||
1996 | Freddy Ehlers | Rosana Vinueza | 785,124 | 21% | — | — | 3rd | |
2002 | Lucio Gutiérrez | Alfredo Palacio | 943,123 | 21% | 2,803,243 | 55% | Elected | Coalition with PSP
|
2006 | Luis Macas | César Sacoto | 119,577 | 2% | — | — | 6th | |
2013 | Alberto Acosta | Marcia Caicedo | 280,539 | 3% | — | — | 6th | Parte de la UPI |
2017 | Paco Moncayo | Monserratt Bustamante | 634,030 | 7% | — | — | 4th | Parte del ANC |
2021 | Yaku Pérez | Virna Cedeño | 1,798,057 | 19% | — | — | 3rd |
Legislative elections
Election | Votes | Votes % | Seats | +/– |
---|---|---|---|---|
1996 | 718,983 | 20.4 | 19 / 82
|
|
2002 | 325,365 | 9.2 | 5 / 120
|
14 |
2006 | – | – | 11 / 100
|
6 |
2007 | – | – | 6 / 100
|
5 |
2009 | 948,638 | 1.5 | 4 / 124
|
2 |
2013 | 4,149,243 | 4.73 | 5 / 137
|
1 |
As a part of the alliance Plurinational Unity of the Lefts | ||||
2017 | 2,740,043 | 2.67 | 4 / 137
|
1 |
2021 | 1,348,595 | 16.81 | 27 / 137
|
23 |
See also
- Pachakuti
- Pachakuti Indigenous Movement (Bolivian indigenist party)
References
- ^ "3,5 millones de firmas avalan a 16 grupos políticos". 6 September 2016.
- ^ "Ecuador: El enfrentamiento es entre las izquierdas". 10 February 2021.
- ^ "Pachakutik, el movimiento indigenista que desde 2009 enfrenta a Rafael Correa".
- ^ a b "Two Different Visions of the Left Divide Ecuador in the 2021 Presidential Election". NACLA. 13 February 2021. Retrieved 14 July 2021.
- ^ "How the Right Returned to Power in Ecuador". NACLA. 20 May 2021. Retrieved 14 July 2021.
- ^ ISSN 1557-2021.
- ^ "Pachakuti: Indigenous perspectives, degrowth and ecosocialism". Transnational Institute. 22 October 2010. Retrieved 11 February 2021.
- ^ a b Golinger, Eva (1 October 2010). "Behind the Coup in Ecuador - The Attack on ALBA". Postcards from the Revolution blog. Archived from the original on 3 October 2010. Retrieved 2 October 2010.
- ^ Santi, Marlon (6 October 2010). "The Alleged Coup d'Etat, Democracy, and the Indigenous Organizations". Narco News. Archived from the original on 11 October 2010. Retrieved 7 October 2010.
- ^ Golinger, Eva (7 October 2010). "Evidence of NED funding/aid to groups in Ecuador involved in coup against Correa". Postcards from the Revolution blog. Eva Golinger. Archived from the original on 24 October 2010. Retrieved 8 October 2010.
- ^ "Latin America and the Caribbean: Political Party Network - Final Evaluation Report" (PDF). National Democratic Institute. 2007. Archived (PDF) from the original on 8 October 2010. Retrieved 8 October 2010.
- ISSN 0803-9410.
- ISSN 0803-9410.
- ^ "The Divided Left in Ecuador". Dissent Magazine. 12 April 2021. Retrieved 14 July 2021.
- ISSN 1663-9375. Retrieved 11 February 2021.
- ^ "Ecuador's Yaku Pérez: 'A triumph even if we don't get to the second round'". Financial Times. 7 March 2021. Archived from the original on 11 December 2022. Retrieved 14 July 2021.
Further reading
- Becker, Marc (2011). Pachakutik : indigenous movements and electoral politics in Ecuador. Lanham, Md: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. OCLC 700438480.
- Raúl Madrid (2012). "The Rise and Decline of Pachakutik in Ecuador". The rise of ethnic politics in Latin America. Cambridge New York: Cambridge University Press. pp. 74–107. OCLC 794412693.
- "Interview with Yaku Pérez - Turning our eyes to indigenous peoples". Interview with Yaku Pérez - Turning our eyes to indigenous peoples. 27 August 2019. Retrieved 5 February 2021.
- Valencia, Alexandra; Stargardter, Gabriel (17 October 2019). "Ecuador's indigenous re-assert influence but face obstacles to power". U.S. Retrieved 5 February 2021.
- "Yaku Pérez: The New Face of Ecuador's Left?". Americas Quarterly. 1 February 2021. Retrieved 5 February 2021.