Pachino
Pachino
Pachinu (Sicilian) | |
---|---|
Comune di Pachino | |
Madonna Assunta | |
Saint day | 15 August |
Website | comune.pachino.sr.it |
Pachino (Italian pronunciation:
It was founded in 1760 by the nobles Starrabba, princes of Giardinelli and marquises of Rudinì, on the hill of the feud of Scibini, where a preexisting tower was built in 1494. Pachino was invaded in 1943 by the
Geography
Pachino is situated at the south-east corner of Sicily, 51 kilometers (31 miles) south of Siracusa. The neighboring comunes are Noto (North), Portopalo di Capo Passero (South) and Ispica (East). The adjacent port of Marzamemi is located at the extreme southern tip of Sicily, and has many 18th-century buildings and fishermen's cottages.[4]
Beaches
The beaches of the area of Pachino follow the coasts for a total of 8 kilometers. The best known are those of Lido, and Cavettone Morghella on the Ionian Coast (from Marzamemi southbound), while on the Mediterranean Coast are to Cuffara (also known as Carratois), Amber Coast, near Contrada Tanneries, Scarpitta, Chiappa and Raneddi (grains), Ulysses to the port. The sea is clear and a deep blue on the Ionian coast also in view of the seabed, instead of emerald green on the Mediterranean coast, is rich in fish, which makes the area an important commercial reference, especially for the fish market in Catania. The restoration of fish and the sea are very clean in the area of Pachino makes for a very popular tourist spot, with a flow of tourists rather than permanent and significant, even considering the interest of an area for surfers, with its current suckers, is particularly suited to the sport of windsurfing.
Climate
Located 65 meters above sea level in south-eastern province of Syracuse, straddling the Mediterranean Sea and the
Climate data for Pachino, Italy | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 15 (59) |
15 (59) |
16 (61) |
22 (72) |
24 (75) |
29 (84) |
32 (90) |
32 (90) |
28 (82) |
26 (79) |
21 (70) |
17 (63) |
21 (70) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 9.5 (49.1) |
9.5 (49.1) |
14 (57) |
16 (61) |
18 (64) |
22 (72) |
24 (75) |
26 (79) |
23 (73) |
20 (68) |
16 (61) |
12 (54) |
15.5 (59.9) |
Average precipitation days | 5 | 5 | 5 | 4 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 4 | 6 | 6 | 39 |
Source: Weatherbase[6] |
History
Pachino was founded in 1760 by the nobles
Prehistory
The
Antiquity
In 750 BC, the ancient territory of Pachino was inhabited by the
Middle Ages
After the Romans, the Byzantines came from 300 to 800, then the Arabs from 800 to 1090, and finally, the Normans. The Arabs gave the name to the village of Marzamemi, in which they built tunny-fishing nets, an ancient technique for catching bluefin tuna known in Spanish as Almadraba and in Italian as Tonnara. The Almadraba was operational until the 1950s. The Arabs introduced the cultivation of citrus fruits, reclaimed land, completed the aqueduct of Xibini Tower. They also built the salt flats and the wells to irrigate fields (still working), including one at the gates of Marzamemi, called in Sicilian u puzzu de quattru uocchi (the well with four eyes), which has been used for centuries, even at industrial level, by different peoples, including pirates. The city's decline began with the Normans, the Aragonese and the Angevins. In this period the fortifications of Torre Xibini and Torre Fano were built to protect the area against piratical invasions of the Turks.
Modern Era
Many new feudal lands were born in Sicily from 1583 to 1714. During this period, substantial change occurred in the geography of Netino, with the foundation, in the coastal strip between the traps of Marzamemi and Cape Passero and ports of Portopalo and Marza, Pachino and Portopalo. The story begins when the current Pachino, in 1734, the Starrabba of Piazza Armerina, owners of estates and Scibini Bimmisca and, as such, with the baronetcy in addition to the principles of Giardinelli, decided to reside in the territory to better care their interests and also to acquire the title of Count. To this end, the brothers Gaetano and Vincent Starrabba asked, in 1758, Charles III of Bourbon, and later, in 1760, Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies permission to found a city (licentia populandi), a decree was issued Naples on 21 July 1760 and was made enforceable on 1 December 1760. Prince Ferdinand I wanted to enact the conditions of the Royal Decree. So he invited the neighbors to populate the new Maltese country and more than thirty families accepted the invitation. The first families were Agius, Azzoppard, Arafam, Bughagiar, Bartolo, Caldies, Bonelli, Cammisuli, Borgh, Cassar Scalia, Boager, Fenech, Ferruggia, Grech, Mizzi, Meilach, Micalef, Mallia, Ongres, Saliba, a Sultan, and Xueref other. The city was one of the first areas to see fighting during the combined British and American mission occupy Sicily in the operation codenamed
Monuments
Landmarks
- Chiesa Madre SS. Crocifisso: built in 1790 by Marchese Vincenzo Starrabba for the Christian Community, it has a simple structure comprising a single aisle with a chapel on the right of the apse, there are the remains of Gaetano and Vincent Starrabba. Renovated in 2010.
- Torre Scibini: built in 1439 of Count Antonio de Xurtino to deal with the raids of Saracen pirates
- Tonnara di Marzamemi: dates from the time of the domination of the Arabs in Sicily in 1630, was sold by the owner to the Prince of Villadorata
- Palazzo e Chiesa della Tonnara: built in 1752
- Palazzo Tasca: construction 19th century, which houses an impressive flagstones by limestone
Archeological sites
- Grotta Corruggi (Paleolithic)
- Ditches to collect rainwater (Paleolithic)
- Cave Fico (Mesolithic)
- Grotta Calafarina (Neolithic)
- Necropolis (oven graves), and oven dolmens (Neolithic)
- Basements of huts (Neolithic)
- Greek Temple(the base for columns) (3rd century)
- Roman Village (3rd or 4th century)
Culture
Notable people
- Torino, 25 September 1954), writer
- Margareth Madè (Paternò, 22 June 1982), actress and model, grew up in Pachino[9]
Cinema
The town of Pachino and its surroundings have been repeatedly chosen as the location of movie sets, including:
- Kaos (1984) by the Taviani brothers
- South (1993) by Gabriele Salvatores
- The Star Maker (1995) by Giuseppe Tornatore
- Overseas (1999) Nello Correale
- Raging Heart (2003) Gianluca Sodaro
- The Iguana (2004) by Catherine McGilvray
- Salvatore - This Is Life (2006) by Gian Paolo Cugno
Pachino was also set for some episodes of the drama Inspector Montalbano.
Since 2000, the town hosts the Festival of Cinema of the Frontier, which takes place in the main square of Marzamemi, with screenings of films and short films from different parts of the world.
Frazione
Marzamemi is the fishing village of Pachino. Its name derives from the Arabic al-Marsa-hamem, which means "bay of turtledoves," last frontier of the island, the tip of Sicily. In the beginning was an Arab village. The center of Marzamemi, with its architecture (including the salt, the trap and the first "Arab casuzze" date from this first settlement. Marzamemi The current form and took an official capacity in 1752, when the Prince of Villadorata made work at the building, the lodge, the new trap and the Catholic Church.
Economy
The "Porto Grande," a maritime infrastructure, was built (circa 1850) in Fossa (a Marzamemi hamlet) for the marketing of wine. Wine-ducts linked the Rubino Winery directly with tankers. The tankers filled with wine would depart to the port of
In the 1970s Pachino's viticulture underwent through a serious crisis, which led to the abandonment and weeding of many vineyards, which were replaced by greenhouses of fruit and vegetables that now constitute Pachino's main production. This market generates a very high turnover and employs almost 4000 people just in the Pachino area. Today, even the fruit and vegetable market is going through a difficult period, due to market disruptions and infrastructure problems. Pachino is experiencing a revival of the vineyards, however, now dedicated to quality productions such as Nero d'Avola and other DOC wines.
The production of red Tuna mullet is also notorious, which is manufactured by local Marzamemi's artisans, according to an old Arab tradition. The crafted conservation of fruit and vegetables and locally caught fish is also well developed which holds the secrets of an ancient culinary tradition, and is now much sought after.
Sister city
- Bienne, Switzerland[10]
References
- ^ "Superficie di Comuni Province e Regioni italiane al 9 ottobre 2011". Italian National Institute of Statistics. Retrieved 16 March 2019.
- ^ "Statistiche demografiche ISTAT".
- ^ "PACHINO". East Sicily. Retrieved 2021-04-23.
- ^ site from Italy
- ^ Climate Summary for Pachino
- ^ "Weatherbase.com". Weatherbase. 2013. Retrieved on July 5, 2013.
- ^ Bitter Victory: The Battle For Sicily, 1943 by Carlo D'Este pg. 148
- ^ Bitter Victory: The Battle for Sicily, 1943 by Carlo D'Este, pg. 280
- ^ Margareth Madè: "Miracolo Baaria il mio paese delle meraviglie" Archived 2012-10-02 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Mappa - Bienne (Biel)
External links
- (in Italian) Pachino City Hall