Pachydactylus
This article needs additional citations for verification. (April 2019) |
Thick-toed geckos | |
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P. oshaughnessyi at Lusaka, Zambia | |
Scientific classification | |
Domain: | Eukaryota |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Chordata |
Class: | Reptilia |
Order: | Squamata |
Family: | Gekkonidae |
Subfamily: | Uroplatinae |
Genus: | Pachydactylus Wiegmann, 1834[1] |
Synonyms | |
Pachydactylus is a genus of insectivorous geckos, lizards in the family Gekkonidae. The genus is endemic to Africa, and member species are commonly known as thick-toed geckos. The genus also displays rich speciation, having 58 distinct species identified when compared to other closely related gecko genera like Rhoptropus, most of which have emerged since 35Ma.[4] It has been suggested that the reason for this rich speciation not from adaptive radiation nor nonadaptive radiation, but that the genus represents a clade somewhere between the two drivers of speciation.[5] P. bibronii geckos have been used by NASA as animal models for experimentation.[6]
Description of the Pachydactylus genus
The genus Pachydactylus is characterized by dilated toe tips, usually with undivided scansors. Body scales are small, granular and non-overlapping, with scattered, large keeled
Coloration of Pachydactylus species varies, but is generally drab in color.[5]
Presence of adhesive toe pads varies by species and habitat, with rock dwelling species of Pachydactylus retaining adhesive pads, but unambiguous independent loss of toe pads in sand dwelling and burrowing species like P. rangei.[4]
Body size in Pachydactylus varies across the 58 species, ranging from 35 to 115mm Snout-Vent Length (SVL)[7] with the ancestral condition of a larger body size with adhesive toe pads to suit a generalist habitat.[5]
Behavior
All observed
Habitat of Pachydactylus sp.
geckos
Pachydactylus species live in a diverse range of habitats across Southern Africa. Habitat varies by species, with some species preferring generalist habitats, human dwellings, rock-dwellings, and sand dwellings. Habitat preference typically varies by body size and retention of toe pads, which varies across the genus.[5][4] The body size of Pachydactylus geckos has been shown to correlate with their habitat range.[8]
Diet
Geographic range
The geographic range of the genus Pachydactylus is centered on Southern Africa, with some species reaching East Africa, the northernmost limit of their distribution.[citation needed] In South Africa's rugged Richtersveld region, Pachydactylus geckos comprised 13 of 18 all gecko species surveyed.[10]
Species
There are 58 species that are recognized as being valid:[11]
- Pachydactylus acuminatus V. FitzSimons, 1941
- Transvaalthick-toed gecko
- Pachydactylus amoenus F. Werner, 1910
- Pachydactylus angolensis Loveridge, 1944 - Angola large-scaled gecko, Angolan thick-toed gecko
- Pachydactylus atorquatus Bauer, Barts & Hulbert, 2006
- Pachydactylus austeni Hewitt, 1923 – Austen's thick-toed gecko
- Pachydactylus barnardi V. FitzSimons, 1941 – Barnard's thick-toed gecko[12]
- Pachydactylus bicolorHewitt, 1926 – velvety thick-toed gecko
- Pachydactylus boehmei Bauer, 2010
- Pachydactylus capensis (A. Smith, 1846) – Cape thick-toed gecko
- Pachydactylus caraculicus V. FitzSimons, 1959 – Angolabanded thick-toed gecko
- , 2006
- , 2011
- Pachydactylus fasciatus Boulenger, 1888 – banded thick-toed gecko
- Pachydactylus formosus A. Smith, 1849 – Smith's thick-toed gecko
- Pachydactylus gaiasensis Steyn & J. Mitchell, 1967 – Brandberg thick-toed gecko
- Pachydactylus geitje (Sparrman, 1778) – ocellated thick-toed gecko
- Pachydactylus griffini Bauer, Lamb & Branch, 2006
- Pachydactylus haackei Branch, Bauer & Good, 1996 – Haacke's thick-toed gecko
- Pachydactylus katanganus de Witte, 1953
- Pachydactylus kladaroderma Branch, Bauer & Good, 1996 – thin-skinned thick-toed gecko
- Pachydactylus kobosensis V. FitzSimons, 1938
- Pachydactylus kochii(V. FitzSimons, 1959)
- Pachydactylus labialis V. FitzSimons, 1938 – Calvinia thick-toed gecko
- Pachydactylus latirostrisHewitt, 1923 – quartz gecko
- Pachydactylus macrolepisV. FitzSimons, 1939 – large-scaled banded gecko
- Pachydactylus maculatus Gray, 1845 – spotted thick-toed gecko
- Pachydactylus maiatoi Marques, Parrhina, Ceríaco, Brennan, Heinicke, & Bauer, 2023 – Maiato's thick-toed gecko
- Pachydactylus maraisi Heinicke, Adderly, Bauer & Jackman, 2011
- Pachydactylus mariquensis A. Smith, 1849 – Marico thick-toed gecko
- Pachydactylus mclachlani Bauer, Lamb & Branch, 2006
- Pachydactylus monicaeBauer, Lamb & Branch, 2006
- Pachydactylus montanus Methuen& Hewitt, 1914
- Sclater, 1898) – Namaqua thick-toed gecko
- Pachydactylus oculatusHewitt, 1927 – golden spotted thick-toed gecko
- Pachydactylus oreophilus McLachlan & Spence, 1967 – Kaokoveld thick-toed gecko
- Pachydactylus oshaughnessyi Boulenger, 1885
- Pachydactylus otaviensis Bauer, Lamb & Branch, 2006
- Pachydactylus parascutatus Bauer, Lamb & Branch, 2002
- Pachydactylus punctatus W. Peters, 1854 – speckled thick-toed gecko
- Pachydactylus purcelliBoulenger, 1910
- Namibsand gecko
- Pachydactylus reconditus Bauer, Lamb & Branch, 2006
- Pachydactylus robertsi V. FitzSimons, 1938
- Pachydactylus rugosus A. Smith, 1849 – rough thick-toed gecko
- Pachydactylus sansteynae Steyn & Mitchell, 1967 – San Steyn's thick-toed gecko
- Pachydactylus scherzi Mertens, 1954 – Sherz's thick-toed gecko
- Pachydactylus scutatus Hewitt, 1927 – large-scaled thick-toed gecko
- Pachydactylus servalF. Werner, 1910 – western spotted thick-toed gecko
- Pachydactylus tigrinus Van Dam, 1921 – tiger thick-toed gecko
- thick-toed gecko
- Pachydactylus vansoni V. FitzSimons, 1933 – Van Son's thick-toed gecko
- Pachydactylus vanzyli(Steyn & Haacke, 1966)
- Pachydactylus visseriBauer, Lamb & Branch, 2006
- Pachydactylus wahlbergii W. Peters, 1869
- Pachydactylus waterbergensis Bauer, Lamb & Branch, 2003
- Pachydactylus werneriHewitt, 1935
Nota bene: A binomial authority in parentheses indicates that the species was originally described in a genus other than Pachydactylus.
References
- ^ "Pachydactylus ". ITIS (Integrated Taxonomic Information System). www.itis.gov.
- ^ Species Pachydactylus wahlbergii at The Reptile Database . ("Colopus wahlbergii PETERS 1869 is the type species of the genus Colopus.")
- ^ Species Pachydactylus rangei at The Reptile Database . ("Palmatogecko rangei [ANDERSSON 1908] is the type species of the genus Palmatogecko.")
- ^ PMID 22761794.
- ^ PMID 28077086.
- ^ Gulimova, V. I.; Nikitin, V. B.; Asadchikov, V. E.; Buzmakov, A. V.; Okshtein, I. L.; Almeida, E. a. C.; Ilyin, E. A.; Tairbekov, M. G.; Saveliev, S. V. (July 2006). "NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)". Journal of Gravitational Physiology. 13 (1). Retrieved 2021-04-16.
- ISBN 0883590425.
- JSTOR 5669.
- JSTOR 1443698.
- ^ Bauer AM. "The herpetofauna of the Richtersveld National Park and the adjacent northern Richtersveld, Northern Cape Province, Republic of South Africa". Herpetological Natural History. 8: 111–160 – via Researchgate.
- ^ "Pachydactylus ". The Reptile Database. www.reptile-database.org.
- ^ ISBN 978-1-4214-0135-5.)
Pachydactylus barnardi, p. 17; P. weberi, p. 280
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Further reading
- Bauer AM [in French], Lamb T, Branch WR [in French] (2006). "A revision of the Pachydactylus serval and P. weberi groups (Reptilia: Gekkota: Gekkonidae) of Southern Africa, and with the description of eight new species". Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences. 57 (23): 595–709.
- Boulenger GA (1885). Catalogue of the Lizards in the British Museum (Natural History. Vol. I. Geckonidæ ... (Second ed.). London: Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History). (Taylor and Francis, printers). pp. xii + 436 pp. + Plates I-XXXi.
(Genus Pachydactylus, p. 200)
- ISBN 0-88359-042-5.
(Genus Pachydactylus, pp. 249–250)
- Wiegmann AF (1834). "Herpetologia Mexicana, seu descriptio amphibiorum Novae Hispaniae, quae itineribus comitis Sack, Ferdinandi Deppe et Chr. Guil. Schiede". Museum Zoologicum Berolinense pervenerunt. Pars prima, saurorum species amplectens. Adiecto systematis saurorum prodromo, additisque multis in hunc amphibiorum ordinem observationibus (in Latin). Berlin: C.G. Lüderitz. pp. vi + 54 pp. + Plates I-X.
(Pachydactylus, new genus, p. 19)