Pachypodium baronii
Pachypodium baronii | |
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Scientific classification | |
Kingdom: | Plantae |
Clade: | Tracheophytes |
Clade: | Angiosperms |
Clade: | Eudicots |
Clade: | Asterids |
Order: | Gentianales |
Family: | Apocynaceae |
Genus: | Pachypodium |
Species: | P. baronii
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Binomial name | |
Pachypodium baronii Costantin & Bois
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Pachypodium baronii, the Madagascar palm or bontaka, is a flowering plant in the family Apocynaceae. It has the habit of a robust shrub with a spherical or bottle-shaped trunk. It has several cylindrical branches at the top.
This plant is endemic to
Constantin and Bois first described Pachypodium baronii as a species of the genus Pachypodium in 1907.
Morphology
Habit
Pachypodium baronii is a robust, globose (spherical)- to bottle-shaped shrub in habit. Its trunk is subglobose, not quite globose or spherical, mostly narrowed at the base with dimensions of 20 to 40 cm (8 to 15.5 in) in length by 20 cm (8 in) by 50 cm (19.5 in). At the top of the trunk, it abruptly narrows into one or several cylindrical branches that are 30 cm (12 in) to 50 cm (19.5 in) by 4 cm (1.5 in) by 8 cm (3 in) in diameter, tapering to 3 cm (1 in) to 4 cm (1.5 in) in diameter.
Pachypodium baronii typically grows to 1 to 3.50 m (3.3 to 11.5 ft) high. Its bark is colored pale grey or grey-green and is smooth, but sometimes retains remnants of leaf scars.
Leaves
The
Inflorescence
The inflorescence of Pachypodium baronii is pedunculate, having a main axis to flower stalk. The inflorescence is congested, measures 16 cm (inch) by 40 (inch) in length by 40 cm (1.58-inch) to 4.5 cm (1.77-inch) to 12 cm (0.47-inch), and have 3 to 17 flowers. The inflorescence's peduncle, the stalk of an inflorescence or a stalk bearing a solitary flower in a one-flowered inflorescence, is pale green and terete, cylindrical but usually slightly tapering at both ends. It measures 7 mm (0.276-inch) to 20 mm (0.787-inch) in length by 4 mm (0.157-inch) to 6 mm (0.236-inch). The peduncle, as well, is glabrescent. The pedicels are pale reddish-green, 8 mm (0.315-inch) to 23 mm (0.91 in) long, and sparsely pubescent and hairy. The bracts of P. baronii are oblong and 2 to 3.5 times as long as wide, thus 5 mm (0.197-inch) to 11 mm (0.433-inch) in length by 2 mm (.078-inch) to 2.5 mm (0.098-inch). The bracts are longer than the sepals and are pubescent, hairy outside, glabrous, smooth, without hairs inside.
Flowers
The sepals of Pachypodium baronii are no different than most sepals in other flowering plants (
Corolla
The collective term for all the
Stamens
With an apex 4 mm (0.158-inch) to 4.5 mm (0.177-inch) below the mouth of the corolla tube, Pachypodium baronii's
Pistil
The pistil is the female reproductive organ of a flower that is composed of an
Fruit
The fruit of Pachypodium baronii is made up of 2 separate mericarps, the part of the ovary or
Seeds
The seed of Pachypodium baronii is pale brown with margin medium brown when fresh. It is ovate to elliptic at 6 mm (0.236-inch) to 7 mm (0.256-inch) by 3 mm (0.118-inch) to 3.8 mm (0.150-inch). It is rounded at the apex, obtuse at the base, and has a margin that is revolute towards the hilar side. The testa is smooth. The coma is straw-colored and at 1 cm (0.39-inch) to 1.5 cm (0.59-inch) long. The
Ecology
Pachypodium baronii is found on three different substrate, where two are similar and one is not. It can be located on mainly steep gneiss but sometimes granite rocks (
Cultivation
The substrate for Pachypodium baronii in cultivation is an acidic loose peat mixed with gneiss sand at a pH level of 4. Temperatures from spring to autumn, day and night are respectively 12 to 40 °C (54 to 104 °F). In the winter, night and day temperatures should range from 12 to 20 °C (54 to 68 °F) or more. It will after four years of growth flower profusely in the spring. As well, it needs a larger pot size than other Pachypodium species. It water regime is to water a lot during growing season and very little during the resting time only to prohibit drying out of roots. Propagation is by seeds.
Literature
The botanist team qua team of Costantin and Bois is not listed in the publication section of the Online Database of Harvard University Herbaria. so other records will need to be examined. The Harvard University Herbaria does; however, list each botanist separately so that it is easy to discern their identities.
Note: Name of Botanist and some full names of journals is taken from the Online Database Harvard University Herbaria.
Again Harvard University Herbaria does not list "Constantin & Bois" as a team who worked together. Yet each member; however, is listed separately.
- "Constantin" is the author name for Julien Noel Costantin. "Bois," likewise, is the name for Desire Georges Jean Marie Bois. As a team, they published in 1907 Pachypodium baronii as a species of Pachypodium within the journal abbreviated "Ann. Sc. Nat."
- The author known as "Perrier de la Bâthie", known by his full name Joseph Marie Henry Alfred Perrier de la Bâthie, published an account of the taxon in "Bulletin de la Société Botanique de France" 81: 301 (1934) in 1934.
- The botanist Marcel Pichon, author name "Pichon," gave an account of the species in the abbreviated journal name Mem. Inst. Sc. Madag, sér. B, 2: 123 (1949) (all three as baronii).
- Most recently Friedrich Markgraf in 1976 gave definition to P. baronii in "Fl. Madag." fam. 169: 289(1976).
The
K). fig. 1, p. 11; Map 1, p. 12; Plates 2–4, opposite p. 16.Along this history of Pachypodium baronii a variety of the species was published in 1924 by the name Pachypodium baronii var. erythreum. by the botanist Henri Louis Poisson, author name "Poiss.", within the abbreviated name for the journal "Bull. Acad. Malgache." sér. 2, 6: 166, pl. 10 (1924). Its Species Type: Madagascar, Antsiranana, Upper Sofia R., Antsakabary, Perrier de la Bâthie 15082 (holotype P). Rapanarivo et al. and apparently others have considered it a synonym for Pachypodium baronii.
External sources
- Eggli, Urs. Glossary of botanical terms with special reference to Succulent Plants. with German Equivalents (British Cactus & Succulent Society: United Kingdom: 1993) and
- TheFreeDictionary: terms
- Rapanarivo, S.H.J.V., Lavranos, J.J., Leeuwenberg, A.J.M., and Röösli, W. Pachypodium (Apocynaceae): Taxonomy, habitats and cultivation "Taxonomic revision of the genus Pachypodium," S.H.J.V. Rapanarivo and J.J. Lavranos; "The habitats of Pachypodium species" S.H.J.V. Rapanarivo; "Cultivation" W. Röösli. (A.A. Balkema: Rotterdam, Brookfield, 1999) [Rapanarivo et al.]
- Cactus Blog
References
- . Retrieved 29 August 2021.
- ^ "Appendices | CITES". cites.org. Retrieved 14 January 2022.