Padma Vibhushan
Padma Vibhushan | |
---|---|
Emblem of India placed in the centre with the national motto of India, "Satyameva Jayate " (Truth alone triumphs) in Devanagari Script | |
Established | 1954 |
First awarded | 1954 |
Last awarded | 2024 |
Total | 336 |
Website | http://www.padmaawards.gov.in/ |
Precedence | |
Next (higher) | Ashoka Chakra |
Next (lower) | Padma Bhushan |
The Padma Vibhushan ("Lotus Decoration") is the second-highest
During 1 May and 15 September of every year, the recommendations for the award are submitted to the Padma Awards Committee, constituted by the Prime Minister of India. The recommendations are received from all the state and the union territory governments, the Ministries of the Government of India, the Bharat Ratna and previous Padma Vibhushan award recipients, the Institutes of Excellence, the Ministers, the Chief Ministers and the Governors of State, and the Members of Parliament including private individuals. The committee later submits their recommendations to the Prime Minister and the President of India for the further approval. The award recipients are announced on Republic Day.
The first recipients of the award were
Most recently on 26 January 2024, the award has been bestowed upon five recipients; Vyjayanthimala, Chiranjeevi, Venkaiah Naidu, Bindeshwar Pathak (posthumous) and Padma Subrahmanyam.
History
On 2 January 1954, a press release was published from the office of the secretary to the President of India announcing the creation of two civilian awards—Bharat Ratna, the highest civilian award, and the three-tier Padma Vibhushan, classified into "Pahela Varg" (Class I), "Dusra Varg" (Class II), and "Tisra Varg" (Class III), which rank below the Bharat Ratna.[1] On 15 January 1955, the Padma Vibhushan was reclassified into three different awards: the Padma Vibhushan, the highest of the three, followed by the Padma Bhushan and the Padma Shri.[2]
The award, along with other personal
The civilian awards were suspended again in mid-1992, when two
On 25 August 1992, the Madhya Pradesh High Court issued a notice temporarily suspending all civilian awards.[6] A Special Division Bench of the Supreme Court of India was formed comprising five judges: A. M. Ahmadi C. J., Kuldip Singh, B. P. Jeevan Reddy, N. P. Singh, and S. Saghir Ahmad. On 15 December 1995, the Special Division Bench restored the awards and delivered a judgment that the "Bharat Ratna and Padma awards are not titles under Article 18 of the Constitution of India".[9]
Regulations
The award is conferred for "exceptional and distinguished service", without distinction of race, occupation, position, or sex. The criteria include "service in any field including service rendered by Government servants", but excludes those working with the
The recommendations are received from all state and union territory governments, the Ministries of the Government of India, the Bharat Ratna and previous Padma Vibhushan award recipients, the Institutes of Excellence, the Ministers, the Chief Ministers, the Governors of State, and the Members of Parliament, including private individuals. The recommendations received during 1 May and 15 September of every year are submitted to the Padma Awards Committee, convened by the Prime Minister of India. The Awards Committee later submits its recommendations to the Prime Minister and the President of India for further approval.[10]
The Padma Vibhushan award recipients are announced every year on Republic Day of India and registered in The Gazette of India—a publication released weekly by the Department of Publication, Ministry of Urban Development used for official government notices.[10] The conferral of the award is not considered official without its publication in the Gazette. Recipients whose awards have been revoked or restored, both of which actions require the authority of the President, are also registered in the Gazette and are required to surrender their medals when their names are struck from the register.[2]
Specifications
The original 1954 specifications of the award called for a circle made of gold gilt 1+3⁄8 inches (35 mm) in diameter, with rims on both sides. A centrally located lotus flower was embossed on the obverse side of the medal and the text "Padma Vibhushan" written in
A year later, the design was modified. The current decoration is a circular-shaped bronze toned medallion 1+3⁄4 inches (44 mm) in diameter and 1⁄8 inch (3.2 mm) thick. The centrally placed pattern made of outer lines of a square of 1+3⁄16 inches (30 mm) side is embossed with a knob carved within each of the outer angles of the pattern. A raised circular space of 1+1⁄16 inches (27 mm) in diameter is placed at the centre of the decoration. A centrally located lotus flower is embossed on the obverse side of the medal and the text "Padma" written in Devanagari script is placed above and the text "Vibhushan" is placed below the lotus.[2]
The
The medal is ranked fourth in the order of precedence of wearing of medals and decorations.
Recipients
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The first recipients of the Padma Vibhushan were
Some of the conferments have been refused or returned by the recipients;
Droupadi Murmu, President of India, announced the recipients of the prestigious Padma Awards on April 24, 2024. The awards, including Padma Vibhushan, Padma Bhushan, and Padma Shri, honor individuals for exceptional contributions in various fields. The announcement highlights the nation's recognition of outstanding achievements and service to society. [24]
Explanatory notes
- ^ Per Article 18 (1) of the Constitution of India: Abolition of titles, "no title, not being a military or academic distinction, shall be conferred by the State".[8]
- Shimla Agreement, but declined as "Accepting an award for work done somehow causes an inexplicable discomfort to me."[14]
- ^ Vilayat Khan refused Padma Shri (1964), Padma Bhushan (1968), and Padma Vibhushan (2000) and stated that "the selection committees were incompetent to judge [his] music".[15][16]
- Chief Minister of Kerala (1957-59, 1967-69), declined the award in 1992, as it went against his nature to accept a state honour.[17]
- Swami Ranganathananda declined the award in 2000 as it was conferred to him as an individual and not to the Ramakrishna Mission.[16][18]
- ^ Lakshmi Chand Jain died on 14 November 2010, at the age of 84.[20] His family refused to accept the posthumous honour as Jain was against accepting state honours.[21]
- ^ Sharad Anantrao Joshi's family refused to accept the posthumous honour as Joshi's work for good of farmers is not reflected in the Government policies for them.[22]
- ^ In 1991, Baba Amte returned the award, along with the Padma Shri conferred in 1971, to protest against the treatment given to the tribals during the construction of Sardar Sarovar Dam.[23]
References
- ^ a b c Lal, Shavax A. (1954). "The Gazette of India—Extraordinary—Part I" (PDF). The Gazette of India. The President's Secretariat (published 2 January 1954): 2. Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 May 2014. Retrieved 26 September 2015.
The President is pleased to institute an award to be designated 'Padma Vibhushan' in three classes, namely: 'Pahela Varg', 'Dusra Varg' and 'Tisra Varg'
- ^ a b c d e Ayyar, N. M. (1955). "The Gazette of India—Extraordinary—Part I" (PDF). The Gazette of India. The President's Secretariat (published 15 January 1955): 8. Archived from the original (PDF) on 18 May 2014. Retrieved 26 September 2015.
All persons upon whom the decoration of Padma Vibhushan (Pahela Varg) was conferred under the Regulations issued with Notification No. 2-Pres./54, dated the 2nd January, 1954, shall, for all purposes of these regulations, be deemed to be persons on whom the decoration of Padma Vibhushan has been conferred by the President.
- ^ Hoiberg & Ramchandani 2000, p. 96.
- ^ Mukul, Akshaya (20 January 2008). "The great Bharat Ratna race". The Times of India. Archived from the original on 17 May 2014. Retrieved 17 May 2014.
- ^ Bhattacherje 2009, p. A248.
- ^ a b c Edgar 2011, p. C-105.
- ^ Bhattacherje 2009, p. A253.
- ^ "The Constitution of India" (PDF). Ministry of Law and Justice (India). p. 36. Archived from the original (PDF) on 9 September 2014. Retrieved 19 May 2014.
- ^ "Balaji Raghavan S. P. Anand Vs. Union of India: Transfer Case (civil) 9 of 1994". Supreme Court of India. 4 August 1997. Archived from the original on 19 May 2014. Retrieved 14 May 2014.
- ^ a b c "Padma Awards Scheme" (PDF). Ministry of Home Affairs (India). Archived from the original (PDF) on 9 February 2018. Retrieved 28 September 2015.
- ^ a b c d
"Padma Awards: Year wise list of recipients (1954–2014)" (PDF). Ministry of Home Affairs (India). 21 May 2014. pp. 1, 3–6, 9, 11, 14, 17, 19–20, 23, 25, 29, 32–33, 37, 42, 48, 55, 59, 63, 66, 69–70, 72, 74, 83, 86, 88, 90–93, 95, 99–100, 105–106, 112, 114–115, 117–118, 121, 126, 131, 135, 139–140, 144, 149, 154–155, 160, 166, 172, 178, 183, 188. Archived from the original (PDF) on 15 November 2014. Retrieved 18 October 2015.
- "Padma Awards: 2015" (PDF). Ministry of Home Affairs (India). 25 January 2015. p. 1. Archived from the original (PDF) on 9 February 2018. Retrieved 18 October 2015.
- "Padma Awards: 2016" (PDF). Ministry of Home Affairs (India). 25 January 2016. p. 1. Archived from the original (PDF) on 9 February 2018. Retrieved 25 January 2016.
- "Padma Awards: 2017" (PDF). Ministry of Home Affairs (India). 25 January 2017. p. 1. Archived from the original (PDF) on 9 February 2018. Retrieved 25 January 2017.
- "Padma Awards: 2018" (PDF). Ministry of Home Affairs (India). 25 January 2018. p. 1. Archived from the original (PDF) on 9 February 2018. Retrieved 25 January 2018.
- "Padma Awards: 2019" (PDF). Ministry of Home Affairs (India). 25 January 2019. p. 1. Archived (PDF) from the original on 25 January 2019. Retrieved 25 January 2019.
- "Padma Awards: 2020" (PDF). Ministry of Home Affairs (India). 25 January 2020. p. 1. Retrieved 25 January 2020.
- "Padma Awards: 2021" (PDF). Ministry of Home Affairs (India). 25 January 2021. pp. 1–2. Retrieved 25 January 2021.
- "Padma Awards: 2022" (PDF). Ministry of Home Affairs (India). 25 January 2022. pp. 1–2. Retrieved 5 December 2022.
- "Padma Awards: 2023" (PDF). Ministry of Home Affairs (India). 25 January 2023. p. 1. Retrieved 25 January 2023.
- ^ "Wearing of Medals: Precedence Of Medals". Indian Army. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 22 November 2015.
- ^ "Crafting Bharat Ratna, Padma Medals at Kolkata Mint". Press Information Bureau. 26 January 2014. Archived from the original on 8 December 2015. Retrieved 5 November 2015.
- "History of the Alipore Mint". India Govt Mint, Kolkota. Archived from the original on 29 June 2008. Retrieved 15 September 2008.
- ^ "Haksar and the Padma Vibhushan". The Hindu. 13 January 2017. Retrieved 10 May 2018.
- ISBN 978-0-313-37462-3. Archivedfrom the original on 21 September 2017.
- "Those who said no to top awards". The Times of India. 20 January 2008. Archived from the original on 24 November 2013. Retrieved 14 May 2014.
- ^ a b Venkatesan, V. (5 February 2000). "Spotlight: Republic Day honours". Frontline. Archived from the original on 28 February 2018. Retrieved 21 November 2015.
- ISBN 81-7824-001-7.
- ^ "Ranganathananda, kept alive spirit of Vivekananda's legacy". The Hindu. 31 May 2005. Archived from the original on 28 February 2018. Retrieved 21 November 2015.
- ^ Kumar, A. Prasanna (1983). "The Privilege of Knowing M. C.". Triveni: Journal of Indian Renaissance. Vol. 52. Triveni Publishers. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016.
- ^ Pawar, Yogesh (15 November 2010). "Gandhian activist who revitalised Indian handicraft dies at 85". Daily News Analysis. Archived from the original on 7 September 2017. Retrieved 10 April 2016.
- ^ "Gandhian's family declines Padma Vibhushan". Mumbai Mirror. The Times of India. 25 March 2011. Archived from the original on 19 September 2017. Retrieved 18 October 2015.
- ^ Chavan, Vijay (26 January 2016). "Sharad Joshi's family refuses Padma award". Pune Mirror. The Times of India. Archived from the original on 20 February 2017. Retrieved 19 February 2017.
- ISBN 978-81-7436-944-4. Archivedfrom the original on 9 June 2016.
- Deshpande, Neeta (11 February 2008). "The Good Life". Outlook. Archived from the original on 20 November 2015. Retrieved 20 November 2015.
- ^ "President Murmu presents Padma Awards at Rashtrapati Bhavan". hindustantimes. 24 April 2024. Retrieved 24 April 2024.
Bibliography
- Bhattacherje, S. B. (2009). Encyclopaedia of Indian Events & Dates. Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd. ISBN 978-81-207-4074-7.
- Edgar, Thorpe (2011). The Pearson General Knowledge Manual 2011. Pearson Education India. ISBN 978-81-317-5640-9.
- ISBN 978-81-7156-112-4.
External links
- Official website
- "Awards & Medals". Ministry of Home Affairs (India). 14 September 2015. Retrieved 22 October 2015.