Padua
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Padua
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Città di Padova | |
Saint Anthony of Padua | |
Saint day | June 13 |
Website | www |
Padua (
Besides the Bacchiglione, the
Padua appears twice in the
The city is picturesque, with a dense network of
Saint Anthony, the patron saint of the city, was a Portuguese Franciscan who spent part of his life in the city and died there in 1231.
Padua is home to one of the oldest universities in the world, the University of Padua, founded in 1222 and where figures such as Galileo Galilei and Nicolaus Copernicus have taught or studied. In 1610, Galileo observed the moons of Jupiter through a homemade telescope in Padua, marking the second phase of the Copernican Revolution. Today, the university has around 72,000 students and has a profound impact on the city's recreational, artistic and economic activities.
Padua is also the setting for most of the action in
.Its inhabitants sometimes call Padua "the city of the three withouts", because it is home to the "café without doors" (the Pedrocchi Café, which traditionally never closed), "the meadow without grass" (the Prato della Valle, a former bog that has been converted into one of the largest squares in Europe), and the "saint without a name" (because Paduans traditionally refer to Saint Anthony of Padua simply as "the Saint").
Etymology
The original significance of the Roman name Patavium (
History
Antiquity
Padua claims to be among the oldest cities in northern Italy. According to a tradition dated at least to the time of Virgil's Aeneid and to Livy's Ab Urbe Condita, Padua was founded around 1183 BC by the Trojan prince Antenor.
After the
This sepulchre excavated from marble contains the body of the noble Antenor who left his country, guided the Eneti and Trojans, banished the Euganeans and founded Padua.[6]
However, more recent tests suggest the sepulcher dates back to between the 4th and 3rd centuries BC. Nevertheless, archeological remains confirm an early date for the foundation of the center of the town to between the 11th and 10th centuries B.C. By the 5th century BC, Padua, rose on the banks of the river Brenta, which in the Roman era was called Medoacus Maior and probably until AD 589 followed the path of the present-day Bacchiglione (Retrone). Padua was one of the principal centers of the Veneti.[citation needed]
The
With Rome's northwards expansion, Padua was gradually assimilated into the
Padua was also the birthplace of
Christianity was introduced in Padua and in most of the Veneto region by Saint Prosdocimus. He is venerated as the first bishop of the city. His deacon, the Jewish convert Daniel, is also a saintly patron of the city.[12]
Late Antiquity
The history of Padua during
Frankish and Episcopal Supremacy
At the
The end of the early
During the period of
Emergence of the Commune
Under the surface, several important movements were taking place that were to prove formative for the later development of Padua.
At the beginning of the 11th century, the citizens established a constitution, composed of a general council or
During the next century, they were engaged in wars with Venice and Vicenza for the right of water-way on the Bacchiglione and the Brenta. The city grew in power and self-confidence and in 1138, the government was entrusted to two consuls.
The great families of Camposampiero, Este and Da Romano began to emerge and to divide the Paduan district among themselves. The citizens, in order to protect their liberties, were obliged to elect a podestà in 1178. Their choice first fell on one of the Este family.
A fire devastated Padua in 1174. This required the virtual rebuilding of the city.
The temporary success of the Lombard League helped to strengthen the towns. However, their civic jealousy soon reduced them to weakness again. In 1214–1216, Padua was involved in a conflict with Venice, which it lost. In 1236 Frederick II found little difficulty in establishing his vicar Ezzelino III da Romano in Padua and the neighbouring cities, where he practised frightful cruelties on the inhabitants. Ezzelino was unseated in June 1256 without civilian bloodshed, thanks to Pope Alexander IV.
Padua then enjoyed a period of calm and prosperity: the basilica of the saint was begun; and the Paduans became masters of Vicenza. The University of Padua (the second university in Italy, after Bologna) was founded in 1222, and as it flourished in the 13th century, Padua outpaced Bologna, where no effort had been made to expand the revival of classical precedents beyond the field of jurisprudence, to become a center of early humanist researches,[13] with first-hand knowledge of Roman poets that was unrivalled in Italy or beyond the Alps.[14]
However, the advances of Padua in the 13th century finally brought the commune into conflict with Can Grande della Scala, lord of Verona. In 1311 Padua had to yield to the Scaligeri of Verona.
Emergence of the Signoria
The Carraresi period was a long period of restlessness, for the Carraresi were constantly at war. Under Carraresi rule the early humanist circles in the university were effectively disbanded: Albertino Mussato, the first modern poet laureate, died in exile at Chioggia in 1329, and the eventual heir of the Paduan tradition was the Tuscan Petrarch.[16]
In 1387 John Hawkwood won the Battle of Castagnaro for Padua, against Giovanni Ordelaffi, for Verona. The Carraresi period finally came to an end as the power of the Visconti and of Venice grew in importance.
Venetian rule
Padua came under the rule of the Republic of Venice in 1405, and mostly remained that way until the fall of the republic in 1797.
There was just a brief period when the city changed hands (in 1509) during the wars of the League of Cambrai. On 10 December 1508, representatives of the Papacy, France, the Holy Roman Empire, and Ferdinand V of Castile concluded the League of Cambrai against the Republic. The agreement provided for the complete dismemberment of Venice's territory in Italy and for its partition among the signatories: Holy Roman Emperor Maximilian I of the House of Habsburg was to receive Padua in addition to Verona and other territories. In 1509 Padua was held for just a few weeks by Imperial supporters. Venetian troops quickly recovered it and successfully defended Padua during its siege by Imperial troops.
The city was governed by two Venetian nobles, a podestà for civil affairs and a captain for military affairs. Both of them were elected for sixteen months. Under these governors, the great and small councils continued to discharge municipal business and to administer the Paduan law, contained in the statutes of 1276 and 1362. The treasury was managed by two chamberlains; and every five years the Paduans sent one of their nobles to reside as nuncio in Venice, and to watch the interests of his native town.
Venice fortified Padua with new walls, built between 1507 and 1544, with a series of monumental gates.
Austrian rule
In 1797 the Venetian Republic
Austrian rule was unpopular with progressive circles in northern Italy, but the feelings of the population (from the lower to the upper classes) towards the empire were mixed. In Padua,
Under Austrian rule, Padua began its industrial development; one of the first Italian
In 1866 the Battle of Königgrätz gave Italy the opportunity, as an ally of Prussia, to take Veneto, and Padua was also annexed to the recently formed Kingdom of Italy.
Italian rule
Annexed to Italy during 1866, Padua was at the centre of the poorest area of Northern Italy, as Veneto was until the 1960s. Despite this, the city flourished in the following decades both economically and socially, developing its industry, being an important agricultural market and having a very important cultural and technological centre like the University. The city hosted also a major military command and many regiments.
The 20th century
When Italy entered
A year later, the threat to Padua was removed. In late October 1918, the Italian Army won the decisive Battle of Vittorio Veneto, and the Austrian forces collapsed. The armistice was signed at Villa Giusti, Padua, on 3 November 1918.
During the war, the industry grew rapidly, and this provided Padua with a base for further post-war development. In the years immediately following World War I, Padua developed outside the historical town, enlarging and growing in population, even if labor and social strife were rampant at the time.
As in many other areas in Italy, Padua experienced great social turmoil in the years immediately following World War I. The city was shaken by strikes and clashes, factories and fields were subject to occupation, and war veterans struggled to re-enter civilian life. Many supported a new political way, fascism. As in other parts of Italy, the National Fascist Party in Padua soon came to be seen as the defender of property and order against revolution. The city was also the site of one of the largest fascist mass rallies, with some 300,000 people reportedly attending one speech by Benito Mussolini.
New buildings, in typical fascist architecture, sprang up in the city. Examples can be found today in the buildings surrounding Piazza Spalato (today Piazza Insurrezione), the railway station, the new part of City Hall, and part of the Bo Palace hosting the University.
Following Italy's defeat in the
From December 1943 to the end of the war, Padua was bombed 24 times by Allied aircraft; the heaviest raids were the ones on 16 and 30 December 1943 (each of which caused 300 victims), 7 February 1944 (300 victims), 11 March 1944 (over 300 tons of bombs dropped by 111 bombers), 22 and 23 March 1944, 20 April 1944 (180 victims), 22 February and 12 March 1945.[17][18] The worst-hit areas were the railway station (the target of most raids) and the northern district of Arcella, where 96% of all buildings were destroyed; overall, 950 homes were destroyed and 1,400 damaged.[19] During one of these bombings, the Church of the Eremitani, with frescoes by Andrea Mantegna, was destroyed, considered by some art historians to be Italy's biggest wartime cultural loss. The Cathedral and the University also suffered damage.[19] Some 2,000 inhabitants of Padua were killed by the raids.[17]
On 26 April 1945, the partisans started the final insurrection against the Germans and Fascists; in the subsequent fighting, 224 partisans and 497 Germans were killed. 5,000 German troops, including three generals, surrendered to the partisans in Padua, and another 10,000 in the surrounding area; on 28 April New Zealand troops (2nd New Zealand Division) of the British Eighth Army entered the city.[20][21] A small Commonwealth War Cemetery is located in the west part of the city, commemorating the sacrifice of these troops.
After the war, the city developed rapidly, reflecting Veneto's rise from being the poorest region in northern Italy to one of the richest and most economically active regions of modern Italy.
Geography
Climate
Padua experiences a humid subtropical climate (Köppen climate classification Cfa) characteristic of northern Italy, modified by the nearby Adriatic Sea.
Climate data for Padua (1961–1990, extremes 1946–1990) | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °C (°F) | 16.0 (60.8) |
22.9 (73.2) |
24.8 (76.6) |
29.4 (84.9) |
32.5 (90.5) |
35.0 (95.0) |
38.2 (100.8) |
37.2 (99.0) |
34.0 (93.2) |
29.0 (84.2) |
21.9 (71.4) |
16.8 (62.2) |
38.2 (100.8) |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 5.7 (42.3) |
8.8 (47.8) |
13.1 (55.6) |
17.5 (63.5) |
22.4 (72.3) |
26.0 (78.8) |
28.4 (83.1) |
27.9 (82.2) |
24.5 (76.1) |
18.8 (65.8) |
11.5 (52.7) |
6.5 (43.7) |
17.6 (63.7) |
Daily mean °C (°F) | 2.2 (36.0) |
4.7 (40.5) |
8.3 (46.9) |
12.5 (54.5) |
17.0 (62.6) |
20.7 (69.3) |
23.0 (73.4) |
22.4 (72.3) |
19.2 (66.6) |
13.8 (56.8) |
7.6 (45.7) |
3.1 (37.6) |
12.9 (55.2) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −1.4 (29.5) |
0.5 (32.9) |
3.5 (38.3) |
7.4 (45.3) |
11.6 (52.9) |
15.3 (59.5) |
17.5 (63.5) |
16.9 (62.4) |
13.8 (56.8) |
8.8 (47.8) |
3.7 (38.7) |
−0.4 (31.3) |
8.1 (46.6) |
Record low °C (°F) | −19.2 (−2.6) |
−15.4 (4.3) |
−8.2 (17.2) |
−1.8 (28.8) |
0.8 (33.4) |
4.5 (40.1) |
6.5 (43.7) |
8.6 (47.5) |
5.2 (41.4) |
−1.6 (29.1) |
−6.9 (19.6) |
−10.0 (14.0) |
−19.2 (−2.6) |
Average precipitation mm (inches) | 70.4 (2.77) |
56.9 (2.24) |
67.0 (2.64) |
68.1 (2.68) |
78.6 (3.09) |
88.0 (3.46) |
64.2 (2.53) |
79.8 (3.14) |
58.2 (2.29) |
65.5 (2.58) |
86.7 (3.41) |
62.4 (2.46) |
845.8 (33.30) |
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 6.8 | 6.0 | 7.1 | 7.9 | 9.0 | 8.8 | 6.2 | 6.4 | 5.5 | 6.1 | 7.5 | 6.1 | 83.4 |
Average relative humidity (%)
|
80 | 73 | 69 | 70 | 69 | 70 | 68 | 69 | 71 | 74 | 77 | 81 | 73 |
Mean monthly sunshine hours | 68.2 | 107.4 | 142.6 | 162.0 | 207.7 | 246.0 | 297.6 | 279.0 | 186.0 | 127.1 | 81.0 | 46.5 | 1,951.1 |
Source: Servizio Meteorologico[22][23] |
Climate data for Legnaro (1991–2020 normals) | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 7.3 (45.1) |
9.8 (49.6) |
14.2 (57.6) |
18.4 (65.1) |
23.3 (73.9) |
27.3 (81.1) |
29.6 (85.3) |
29.7 (85.5) |
25.0 (77.0) |
19.1 (66.4) |
12.8 (55.0) |
7.9 (46.2) |
18.7 (65.7) |
Daily mean °C (°F) | 3.6 (38.5) |
5.2 (41.4) |
9.1 (48.4) |
13.2 (55.8) |
18.0 (64.4) |
21.8 (71.2) |
23.7 (74.7) |
23.7 (74.7) |
19.4 (66.9) |
14.5 (58.1) |
9.1 (48.4) |
4.4 (39.9) |
13.8 (56.9) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 0.0 (32.0) |
0.7 (33.3) |
4.0 (39.2) |
8.1 (46.6) |
12.8 (55.0) |
16.3 (61.3) |
17.8 (64.0) |
17.6 (63.7) |
13.8 (56.8) |
9.9 (49.8) |
5.5 (41.9) |
1.0 (33.8) |
9.0 (48.1) |
Average precipitation mm (inches) | 42.4 (1.67) |
46.6 (1.83) |
55.8 (2.20) |
72.1 (2.84) |
83.9 (3.30) |
76.9 (3.03) |
68.0 (2.68) |
66.6 (2.62) |
81.5 (3.21) |
90.0 (3.54) |
88.3 (3.48) |
61.8 (2.43) |
833.9 (32.83) |
Source: Istituto Superiore per la Protezione e la Ricerca Ambientale[24] |
Main sights
- The Virgin Maryand has been acknowledged by many to be one of the most important fresco cycles in the world for its role in the development of European painting. It also includes one of the earliest representations of a kiss in the history of art (Meeting at the Golden Gate, 1305). Entrance to the chapel is an elaborate ordeal, as it involves spending 15 minutes prior to entrance in a climate-controlled, airlocked vault, used to stabilize the temperature between the outside world and the inside of the chapel. This is intended to protect the frescoes from moisture and mold.
- The Palazzo della Ragione, with its great hall on the upper floor, is reputed to have the largest roof unsupported by columns in Europe; the hall is nearly rectangular, its length 81.5 m (267.39 ft), its breadth 27 m (88.58 ft), and its height 24 m (78.74 ft); the walls are covered with allegorical frescoes; the building stands upon arches, and the upper storey is surrounded by an open loggia, not unlike that which surrounds the basilica of Vicenza. The Palazzo was begun in 1172 and finished in 1219. In 1306, Fra Giovanni, an Augustinian friar, covered the whole with one roof. Originally there were three roofs, spanning the three chambers into which the hall was at first divided; the internal partition walls remained till the fire of 1420, when the Venetian architects who undertook the restoration removed them, throwing all three spaces into one and forming the present great hall, the Salone. The new space was refrescoed by Nicolo' Miretto and Stefano da Ferrara, working from 1425 to 1440. Beneath the great hall, there is a centuries-old market.
- In the Alvise Cornaro's garden loggia, (Loggia Cornaro), the first fully Renaissance building in Padua.[26] Nearby stands the Cathedral, remodelled in 1552 after a design of Michelangelo. It contains works by Nicolò Semitecolo, Francesco Bassano and Giorgio Schiavone. The nearby Baptistry, consecrated in 1281, houses the most important frescoes cycle by Giusto de' Menabuoi.
The Basilica of St. Giustina, facing the great piazza of Prato della Valle - The Teatro Verdi is host to performances of operas, musicals, plays, ballets, and concerts.
- The most celebrated of the Paduan churches is the Basilica di Sant'Antonio da Padova, locally known as "Il Santo". The bones of the saint rest in a chapel richly ornamented with carved marble, the work of various artists, among them Sansovino and Falconetto. The basilica was begun around the year 1230 and completed in the following century. Tradition says that the building was designed by Nicola Pisano. It is covered by seven cupolas, two of them pyramidal. There are also four cloisters. The belltower has eight bells in C.
- equestrian bronze cast since antiquity. It was inspired by the Marcus Aurelius equestrian sculpture at the Capitoline Hill in Rome.
- Not far from the Gattamelata statue are the St. George Oratory (13th century), with frescoes by Altichiero, and the Scuola di S. Antonio (16th century), with frescoes by Tiziano (Titian).
- One of the best known symbols of Padua is the Prato della Valle, a 90,000 m2 (968,751.94 sq ft) elliptical square. This is one of the biggest in Europe. In the centre is a wide garden surrounded by an oval canal, lined by 78 statues portraying illustrious citizens. It was created by Andrea Memmo in the late 18th century. Memmo once resided in the monumental 15th-century Palazzo Angeli, which now houses the Museum of Precinema.
- St. Prosdocimus, St. Maximus, St. Urius, St. Felicita, St. Julianus, as well as relics of the Apostle St. Matthias and the Evangelist St. Luke. This is home to some art, including the Martyrdom of St. Justine by Paolo Veronese. The complex was founded in the 5th century on the tomb of the namesake saint, Justine of Padua. The belltower has eight bells in B.
- The Church of the Eremitani is an Augustinian church of the 13th century, containing the tombs of Jacopo (1324) and Ubertinello (1345) da Carrara, lords of Padua, and the chapel of SS James and Christopher, formerly illustrated by Mantegna's frescoes. This was largely destroyed by the Allies in World War II, because it was next to the Nazi headquarters. The old monastery of the church now houses the Musei Civici di Padova (town archeologic and art museum).
- Santa Sofia Churchis probably Padova's most ancient church. The crypt was begun in the late 10th century by Venetian craftsmen. It has a basilica plan with Romanesque-Gothic interior and Byzantine elements. The apse was built in the 12th century. The edifice appears to be tilting slightly due to the soft terrain.
- The church of San Gaetano (1574–1586) was designed by Vincenzo Scamozzi, on an unusual octagonal plan. The interior, decorated with polychrome marbles, houses a Madonna and Child by Andrea Briosco, in Nanto stone.
- The 16th-century, Baroque Padua Synagogue
- At the centre of the historical city, the buildings of Palazzo del Bò, the centre of the University of Padua
- The City Hall, called Palazzo Moroni, the wall of which is covered by the names of the Paduan dead in the different wars of Italy and which is attached to the Palazzo della Ragione;
- The Risorgimento museum, and the near building of the Pedrocchino ("little Pedrocchi") in neogothic style.
- The city centre is surrounded by the 11 km-long (6.8 mi) city walls, built during the early 16th century, by architects that include Michele Sanmicheli. There are only a few ruins left, together with two gates, of the smaller and inner 13th-century walls. There is also a castle, the Castello. Its main tower was transformed between 1767 and 1777 into an astronomical observatory known as Specola. However the other buildings were used as prisons during the 19th and 20th centuries. They are now being restored.
- The Ponte San Lorenzo, a Roman bridge largely underground, along with the ancient Ponte Molino, Ponte Altinate, Ponte Corvo and Ponte S. Matteo.
Villas
In the community of Padua are numerous noble villas. These include:
- Villa Molin, in the Mandria fraction, designed by Vincenzo Scamozzi in 1597.
- Villa Mandriola, (17th century), at Albignasego
- Villa Pacchierotti-Trieste (17th century), at Limena
- Villa Cittadella-Vigodarzere (19th century), at Saonara
- Villa Selvatico da Porto (15th–18th century), at Vigonza
- Villa Loredan, at Sant'Urbano
- Villa Contarini, at Piazzola sul Brenta, built in 1546 by Palladio and enlarged in the following centuries, is the most important.
Churches
Padua's historic core, includes numerous churches of significant architecture and arts. These include:
- Basilica of Saint Anthony of Padua. Built 1235.
- Santa Caterina d'Alessandria. Present by the 13th century.
- San Clemente. Built 1190.
- Santa Croce. Built 1737.
- San Daniele. Completed 1076.
- Church of the Eremitani. Built 1276.
- Sant'Andrea. Founded by the 12th century.
- San Francesco. Consecrated in 1430.
- San Gaetano Church. Built 1574– 1576.
- Abbey Church of Santa Giustina. The first church was built in 520, expanded in 1050.
- Basilica Cathedral of the Assumption of St. Mary, Padua Cathedral is the 4th structure on this site, built in 1551.
- Santa Maria dei Servi, dedicated in 1511.
- Scrovegni Chapel. Consecrated in 1305.
- Church of Saint Sofia, 10th century.
- Oratory of St George, built 1376–77
Gallery
-
This tempera, Two Christians before the Judges, hangs in the city's Cathedral.
-
The apse area of Santa Sofia
-
The "Gran Guardia" loggia
-
Prato della Valle (detail)
-
Loggia Amulea, as seen from Prato della Valle
-
Torre degli Anziani, as seen from Piazza della Frutta
-
The Astronomical clock, as seen from Piazza dei Signori
-
View from the top of La Specola
Culture
UNESCO World Heritage Site | |
---|---|
Criteria | Cultural: ii, iii |
Reference | 824 |
Inscription | 1997 (21st Session) |
Area | 2.2 ha |
Buffer zone | 11.4 ha |
Padua has long been acclaimed for its university, founded in 1222. Under the rule of Venice the university was governed by a board of three patricians, called the Riformatori dello Studio di Padova. The list of notable professors and alumni is long, containing, among others, the names of Bembo, Sperone Speroni, the anatomist Vesalius, Copernicus, Fallopius, Fabrizio d'Acquapendente, Galileo Galilei, William Harvey, Pietro Pomponazzi, Reginald, later Cardinal Pole, Scaliger, Tasso and Jan Zamoyski. It is also where, in 1678,
The university also hosts the oldest botanical garden (1545) in the world. The botanical garden Orto Botanico di Padova was founded as the garden of curative herbs attached to the University's faculty of medicine. It still contains an important collection of rare plants.
The place of Padua in the history of art is nearly as important as its place in the history of learning. The presence of the university attracted many distinguished artists, such as Giotto, Fra Filippo Lippi and Donatello; and for native art there was the school of Francesco Squarcione, whence issued Mantegna.
Francesco Petrarca (commonly anglicized as Petrarch, 20 July 1304 – 19 July 1374), a scholar, poet of the Italian Renaissance, and one of the earliest humanists, was Canonico at the Padua Cathedral (Duomo), invited by Francesco I da Carrara, lord of Padua. Petrarca lived in the canonical house via Dietro Duomo 26/28 in 1349 which remained his property until 1374. His house in Padua was a stopover for numerous historical figures, such as the Carrara princes and Giovanni Boccaccio.
Padua is also the birthplace of the celebrated architect
The sculptor Antonio Canova produced his first work in Padua, one of which is among the statues of Prato della Valle (presently a copy is displayed in the open air, while the original is in the Musei Civici). In Prato della Valle, there is the statue of Antonio Canova (by Giovanni Ferrari), which depicts the sculptor in the act of sculpting the bust of the prosecutor Antonio Cappello.[27]
The Antonianum is settled among Prato della Valle, the Basilica of Saint Anthony and the Botanic Garden. It was built in 1897 by the Jesuit fathers and kept alive until 2002. During World War II, under the leadership of P. Messori Roncaglia SJ, it became the center of the resistance movement against the
Padua also plays host to the majority of
Paolo De Poli, painter and enamellist, author of decorative panels and design objects, 15 times invited to the Venice Biennale was born in Padua. The electronic musician Tying Tiffany was also born in Padua.
Demographics
Year | Pop. | ±% |
---|---|---|
1871 | 64,862 | — |
1881 | 70,753 | +9.1% |
1901 | 81,242 | +14.8% |
1911 | 96,118 | +18.3% |
1921 | 108,912 | +13.3% |
1931 | 126,843 | +16.5% |
1936 | 138,709 | +9.4% |
1951 | 167,672 | +20.9% |
1961 | 197,680 | +17.9% |
1971 | 231,599 | +17.2% |
1981 | 234,678 | +1.3% |
1991 | 215,137 | −8.3% |
2001 | 204,870 | −4.8% |
2011 | 206,192 | +0.6% |
2014 (Est.) | 210,941 | +2.3% |
Source: ISTAT 2011 |
In 2007, there were 210,301 people residing in Padua, located in the province of Padua, Veneto, of whom 47.1% were male and 52.9% were female. Minors (children ages 18 and younger) totalled 14.87% of the population compared to pensioners who number 23.72%. This compares with the Italian average of 18.06% (minors) and 19.94% (pensioners). The average age of Padua residents is 45 compared to the Italian average of 42. In the five years between 2002 and 2007, the population of Padua grew by 2.21%, while Italy as a whole grew by 3.85%.[28] The current birth rate of Padua is 8.49 births per 1,000 inhabitants compared to the Italian average of 9.45 births.
As of 2006[update], 90.66% of the population was
Government
Since local government political reorganization in 1993, Padua has been governed by the City Council of Padua. Voters elect directly 33 councilors and the Mayor of Padua every five years. The current Mayor of Padua is Sergio Giordani (independent, supported by the PD), elected on 26 June 2017.
This is a list of the mayors of Padua since 1946:
Mayor | Term start | Term end | Party | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Gastone Costa | 1946 | 1947 | PSI | |
Cesare Crescente | 1947 | 1970 | DC | |
Ettore Bentsik | 1970 | 1977 | DC | |
Luigi Merlin | 1977 | 1980 | DC | |
Ettore Bentsik | 1980 | 1981 | DC | |
Guido Montesi | 1981 | 1982 | DC | |
Settimo Gottardo | 1982 | 1987 | DC | |
Paolo Giaretta | 1987 | 1993 | DC | |
Flavio Zanonato | 1993 | 1995 | PDS | |
Flavio Zanonato | 8 May 1995 | 27 June 1999 | PDS | |
Giustina Mistrello Destro | 27 June 1999 | 27 June 2004 | FI
| |
Flavio Zanonato | 27 June 2004 | 10 June 2013 | PD | |
Ivo Rossi (acting) | 10 June 2013 | 9 June 2014 | PD | |
Massimo Bitonci | 9 June 2014 | 12 November 2016 | LN | |
Michele Penta* Paolo De Biagi* |
12 November 2016 | 26 June 2017 | ||
Sergio Giordani | 26 June 2017 | incumbent | PD |
* Special prefectural commissioners, nominated after the majority of the members of the City Council resigned in order to remove the mayor from the office.
Consulates
Padua hosts consulates for several nations, including those of Canada, Croatia, Ivory Coast, Peru, Poland, Switzerland and Uruguay. A consulate for South Korea was planned in 2014 and a consulate for Moldova was opened on 1 August 2014.[31]
Economy
The industrial area of Padova was created in the eastern part of the city in 1946; it is now one of the biggest industrial zones in Europe, having an area of 11 million sqm. The main offices of 1,300 industries are based here, employing 50,000 people. In the industrial zone, there are two
Transport
By car
By
By rail
Padua has two
The station was opened in 1842 when the service started on the first part of the Milan–Venice railway (the "Imperial Regia Ferrovia Ferdinandea") built from Padua to Marghera through Mestre. Porta Marghera is a major port of the Venetian area.
Railways enthusiasts can visit the Signal Box A (Cabina A), preserved by the "Società Veneta Ferrovie" (a society named after the former public works and railway company, based in "Piazza Eremitani" in Padua) association.
By aeroplane
Padua is approximately 50 km (31 mi) away from Venice Marco Polo Airport which is the nearest airport with regular commercial service. Padua is also serviced by the Verona Villafranca Airport, Treviso Airport and Bologna Guglielmo Marconi Airport.
The Gino Allegri, or Aeroporto civile di Padova "Gino Allegri", is no longer served by regularly scheduled flights. Padua is, however, the home of one of Italy's four area control centres.
Public transport
Urban
The city centre is partly closed to vehicles, except for residents and permitted vehicles. There are some car parks surrounding the district. In this area, as well, there are some streets and squares restricted to pedestrian and bicycle use only.
Padua has approximately 40 bus lines, which are served by new buses (purchased in 2008–9).
The Veneto Region is building a regional rail line (S-Bahn-like system) around the city with 15 new stations. Its name will be SFMR and it will reach the province of Venice.
Statistics
The average amount of time people spend commuting with public transit in Padova, Vicenza e Verona, for example to and from work, on a weekday is 46 min. 5% of public transit riders, ride for more than 2 hours every day. The average amount of time people wait at a stop or station for public transit is 13 min, while 30% of riders wait for over 20 minutes on average every day. The average distance people usually ride in a single trip with public transit is 4.7 km, while 4% travel for over 12 km in a single direction.[32]
Sports
Padua is the home of
The main venues are the following:
Italy international rugby players
Well known footballers from Padua are Francesco Toldo, who was born here, and Alessandro Del Piero, who started his professional career in the Calcio Padova.
Twin towns – sister cities
Padua is
People
- Livy (59 BC – 17 AD), historian[34]
- Anthony of Padua (1195–1231), Franciscan priest, saint and doctor of the Church[35]
- Marsilius of Padua (c. 1270 – c. 1342), scholar, trained in medicine[36]
- Maddalena Scrovegni (c. 1356 – 1429), humanist
- Francesco Zabarella (1360–1417), cardinal and canonist
- Simon of Cremona (d. 1390 in Pauda), writer and preacher
- Andrea Riccio (c. 1470 – 1532), sculptor and occasional architect[37]
- Meir Katzenellenbogen (1482–1565), Chief Rabbi of Padua, authority on Talmudic and Rabbinical matters
- Ruzzante (1496–1542), writer, playwright and actor
- Andrea Palladio (1508–1580), architect[38]
- Camilla Erculiani (died c. 1584), Italian apothecary tried by the Roman Inquisition
- Jacopo Zabarella (1533–1589), professor of philosophy and science
- Ercole Sassonia (1551–1607), physician
- Giovanni Antonio Magini (1555–1617), astronomer, astrologer, cartographer, and mathematician
- Tiziano Aspetti (1557–1606), sculptor
- Galileo Galilei (1564–1642), physicist, mathematician, astronomer, and philosopher, father of modern science[39]
- Stefano Landi (1586–1639), early music composer
- Moses Chayyim Catalan (d. 1661), Jewish Italian poet
- Bartolomeo Cristofori (1655–1731), Inventor of the piano
- Giovanni Battista Morgagni (1682–1771), Anatomist, father of modern anatomical pathology[40][41]
- Giuseppe Tartini (1692–1770), composer, violinist and music theorist[42]
- Giovanni Benedetto Platti (possibly 1697–1763), oboist and composer
- Moshe Chaim Luzzatto (1707–1746), rabbi, kabbalist and philosopher[43]
- Melchiorre Cesarotti (1730–1808), poet, translator and theorist[44]
- Giovanni Battista Belzoni (1778–1823), explorer and archaeologist[45]
- Ippolito Nievo (1831–1861), writer
- Arrigo Boito (1842–1918), poet, journalist, novelist, librettist and composer[46]
- Johann von Pallavicini (1848–1941), Austro-Hungarian diplomat
- Tullio Levi-Civita (1873–1941), mathematician
- Royal Institute of the Albanian Studies
- Roman Catholic professed religiousof the Sisters of Saint Francis de Sales
- Paolo De Poli (1905–1996), painter and designer
- operatic soprano
- Giorgio Perlasca (1910-1992), Righteous Among the Nations
- Antonio Negri (1933–2023), political philosopher
- Claudio Scimone (1934–2018), orchestral conductor
- Renato Pengo (born 1943), artist and painter
- mezzo soprano
- Umberto Menin (born 1949), painter
- Massimo Carlotto (born 1956), writer and playwright
- Carlo Mazzacurati (1956–2014), film director and screenwriter
- Maurizio Cattelan (born 1960), artist
- Carlo Covi (born 1961), Venetist, social-democratic politician and rally driver
- Kenny Random (born 1971), artist and writer
- Fabrizio Sotti (born 1975), musician
- Chiara Galiazzo(born 1986), singer
Sport
- Mario Mazzacurati (1903–1985), racing driver
- Novella Calligaris (born 1954), swimmer and Olympic medallist
- Riccardo Patrese (born 1954), racing driver
- Francesco Toldo (born 1971), footballer
- Giorgio Pantano (born 1979), racing driver
- Mirco Bergamasco (born 1983), rugby union player
- Andrea Marcato (born 1983), rugby union player
- Mattia Turetta (born 1984), professional footballer
- Michele Faccin (born 1990), racing driver
- Enrico Miglioranzi (born 1991), ice hockey player
- Riccardo Agostini (born 1994), racing driver
- Lorenzo Patrese (born 2005), racing driver
See also
- Padua metropolitan area
- Province of Padua
- Roman Catholic Diocese of Padua
- Tangenziale di Padova
- Via Anelli Wall
- Hotel Terme Millepini
- Diocesan museum of Padua, Italy
- Palazzo Vigodarzere, Padua
- Triumphal Arch of Vallaresso
References
- ^ "Superficie di Comuni Province e Regioni italiane al 9 ottobre 2011". Italian National Institute of Statistics. Retrieved 16 March 2019.
- ^ "Popolazione Residente al 1° Gennaio 2018". Italian National Institute of Statistics. Retrieved 16 March 2019.
- ^ Padova Urbs Picta. "Padova Urbs Picta, UNESCO candidacy". Padova Urbs Picta. Retrieved 15 August 2021.
- ^ PadovaOggi. "Padova, l'origine del nome della grande città fluviale". PadovaOggi (in Italian). Retrieved 16 August 2021.
- ^ Online Etymology Dictionary. "Padua". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved 16 August 2021.
- ^ "Tomb of Antenor, Padova, Italy: Reviews, Photos plus Hotels Near Tomb of Antenor – VirtualTourist". virtualtourist.com. Retrieved 16 August 2015.
- ISBN 9780199602353. Retrieved 10 October 2014.
- ^ Epist. xiv.143
- ^ a b B.O. Foster, "Introduction", in Livy, Books I and II, The Loeb Classical Library (New York, 1919), page x.
- ^ B.O. Foster, "Introduction," in Livy, Books I and II, The Loeb Classical Library (New York, 1919), xxi.
- ^ B.O. Foster, "Introduction," in Livy, Books I and II, The Loeb Classical Library (New York, 1919), xxiii.
- ^ Back, Get; laurettadimmick (14 September 2019). "Padova, a lovely historic town in the Veneto (Padua, part 1)". get back, lauretta!. Retrieved 6 June 2023.
- ^ "The linear ancestor of Renaissance humanism" according to Roberto Weiss, The Renaissance Discovery of Classical Antiquity (Oxford: Blackwell) 1973:17.
- ^ Guido Billanovich, "'Veterum Vestigia Vatum' nei carmi dei preumanisti padovani", Italia Medioevale e Umanistica I 1958:155–243, noted by Weiss 1973:17 note 4.
- ISBN 9789004171183. Retrieved 10 October 2014.
- ^ Weiss 1973:21.
- ^ a b Bombardamenti aerei sulla città di Padova e provincia, 1943–1945
- ^ 11 marzo, 69 anni fa il bombardamento che distrusse gli Eremitani
- ^ a b Enciclopedia Treccani
- ^ I nemici di Mussolini: Storia della Resistenza armata al regime fascista
- ^ Quel 28 aprile 1945, ecco come fu liberata Padova
- ^ "STAZIONE 095 PADOVA: medie mensili periodo 61 – 90". Servizio Meteorologico. Retrieved 11 December 2014.
- ^ "Padova Brusegana: Record mensili dal 1946 al 1990" (in Italian). Servizio Meteorologico dell’Aeronautica Militare. Retrieved 11 December 2014.
- ^ "Valori climatici normali in Italia". Istituto Superiore per la Protezione e la Ricerca Ambientale. Archived from the original on 17 September 2023. Retrieved 17 September 2023.
- S2CID 189899784.
- ^ "Loggia Cornaro". Boglewood.com. Retrieved 6 May 2009.
- ^ Elena Catra (2022). "Antonio Canova a Padova." Padova Cultura. Retrieved 25 August 2024. https://padovacultura.padovanet.it/it/attivita-culturali/1822-2022-antonio-canova-padova
- ^ "Statistiche demografiche ISTAT". Demo.istat.it. 2007. Retrieved 6 May 2009.
- ^ "Statistiche demografiche ISTAT". Demo.istat.it. 2006. Retrieved 6 May 2009.
- ^ "Statistiche demografiche ISTAT". Demo.istat.it. 2006. Archived from the original on 8 November 2009. Retrieved 6 May 2009.
- ^ "Consulatul Republicii Moldova în oraşul Padova, Italia, şi-a început activitatea | Stiri Moldova, video, stiri, stiri online | IPNA "Teleradio-Moldova"". trm.md. Retrieved 10 October 2014.
- ^ "Padova, Vicenza e Verona Public Transportation Statistics". Global Public Transit Index by Moovit. Retrieved 19 June 2017. Material was copied from this source, which is available under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
- ^ "Gemellaggi e patti di amicizia". padovanet.it (in Italian). Padova. Retrieved 16 December 2019.
- ^ Pelham, Henry Francis (1911). . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 16 (11th ed.). pp. 817–823.
- ^ Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 2 (11th ed.). 1911. p. 97. .
- ^ Valois, Joseph Marie Noel (1911). Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 17 (11th ed.). pp. 775–776. .
- ^ Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 4 (11th ed.). 1911. p. 573. .
- ^ Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 20 (11th ed.). 1911. pp. 635–636. .
- ^ Clerke, Agnes Mary (1911). . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 11 (11th ed.). pp. 406–411.
- ^ Creighton, Charles (1911). . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 18 (11th ed.). pp. 831–833.
- PMID 18340813.
- ^ Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 26 (11th ed.). 1911. pp. 436–437. .
- ^ Abrahams, Israel (1911). . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 17 (11th ed.). p. 148.
- ^ Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 5 (11th ed.). 1911. p. 767. .
- ^ Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 3 (11th ed.). 1911. p. 713. .
- ^ Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 4 (11th ed.). 1911. p. 155. .
Bibliography
External links
- Official website
- Brown, Horatio Robert Forbes (1911). . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 20 (11th ed.). pp. 444–445.
- Botanical Garden (Orto Botanico), Padua from UNESCO
- Tram di Padova – Public Tram Archived 23 December 2012 at the Wayback Machine
- Weather Padova