Pago Pago

Pago Pago (

Rainmaker Mountain (Mount Pioa), which is located in Pago Pago, contributes to a weather pattern that results in the city having the highest annual rainfall of any harbor in the world.^[19][20][21] It stands protectively over the eastern side of Pago Pago, making the harbor one of the most sheltered deepwater anchorages in the Pacific Ocean.^[22]: 3

Historically, the strategic location of Pago Pago Bay played a direct role in the political separation of Western and Eastern Samoa. The initial reason that the U.S. was interested in Tutuila was its desire to use Pago Pago Harbor as a coaling station.^{[23]: 30–31} The town has the distinction of being the southernmost U.S. capital, and the only one located in the Southern Hemisphere.

Pronunciation

The letter "g" in Samoan sounds like "ng"; thus Pago Pago is pronounced "Pango Pango."^{[24][25][26][27][28][29]}

An early name for Pago Pago was Long Bay (Samoan: O le Fagaloa), which was a name used by the first permanent inhabitants to settle in the Pago Pago area.^{[23]: 26 [30][31]: 123} It was also called O le Maputasi ("The Single Chief's House") in compliment to the Mauga, who lived at Gagamoe in Pago Pago and was the senior to all the other chiefs in the area.^[31]: 123

History

Pago Pago was first settled 4,000 years ago.^[32] There is archeological evidence of people living in the Pago Pago Valley at least 1500-1300 years ago.^[33] The ancient people of Tutuila produced clay pottery known as Samoan Plainware. The majority of these open bowls had plain designs and featured rounded bases. Such pottery has been retrieved from sites in Pago Pago, including at Vaipito. The production of such pottery ceased approximately 1500 years ago.^[34][35] A site in the Vaipito Valley has also revealed more substantial elements, such as constructions made from rocks, like house foundations and terraces (lau mafola).^[36][37]

Ceramic findings have been retrieved at Vaipito, an inland area within Pago Pago village. A deposit here is thought to be an old hill-slope below a living area where people threw away their waste. Numerous large ceramic pieces have been retrieved here. The layer with the ceramics dates back to the time between 350 BCE and 10 CE. Another site, Fo’isia, is located approximately 100 meters from Vaipito, at the same elevation inland in Pago Pago. During sewer line construction, the American Samoa Power Authority noticed many broken pieces of clay pottery. Five dates associated with the ceramics indicate a time range between 370 BCE and 130 CE.^[38]

The island of Tutuila was part of the Tuʻi Tonga Empire from the invasion around 950 CE to when Tongans were expelled in 1250. According to Samoan folklore, a warrior from Pago Pago, Fua’au, is associated with driving the Tongans out of Tutuila. According to the legend, Fua’au’s fiancé, Tauoloasi’i, was kidnapped and taken to Tonga while sleeping on an exquisite mat known as Moeilefuefue. Filled with anger at the loss of his fiancé and the renowned mat, Fua’au rallied the Tutuilans, encouraging them to revolt against the Tongan rule imposed by Lautivunia.^[39][40]

When Westerners first visited Tutuila, the Mauga was the leading matai (chief) of Pago Pago.^[41]

19th century

Two missionaries were assigned to Tutuila Island in the 1830s: Reverend Murray and his wife to Pago Pago and Reverend Barnden to Leone. They landed at Fagasa Bay and hiked over the hill to the High Chief Mauga in Pago Pago. Mauga welcomed the missionaries and gave them support. RMS Dunottar Castle later moved to Pago Pago, becoming the second ship to enter Pago Pago Harbor. The missionaries later chose to establish their headquarters at Leone.^{[22]: 79–80} On May 9, 1838, the London Missionary Society established a church in Pago Pago.^[42]

As early as 1839, American interest was generated for the Pago Pago area when Commander Charles Wilkes, head of the United States Exploring Expedition, surveyed Pago Pago Harbor and the island. Rumors of possible annexation by Britain or Germany were taken seriously by the U.S., and the U.S. Secretary of State Hamilton Fish sent Colonel Albert Steinberger to negotiate with Samoan chiefs on behalf of American interests.^[43] American interest in Pago Pago was also a result of Tutuila's central position in one of the world's richest whaling grounds.

In 1871, the local

The chief of Pago Pago signed a treaty with the U.S. in 1872, giving the American government considerable influence on the island.[44] It was acquired by the United States through a treaty in 1877.^[45] One year after the naval base was built at Pearl Harbor in 1887, the U.S. government established a naval station in Pago Pago.^[46] It was primarily used as a fueling station for both naval- and commercial ships.^[47]

The U.S. Navy first established a coaling station in 1878, right outside

In 1889, Robert Louis Stevenson paid a visit to Pago Pago.^[49]

A California-based construction and engineering firm was contracted to build the coal depot in 1898. The naval engineer in charge was W. I. Chambers. On April 30, 1899, Commander Benjamin Franklin Tilley sailed from Norfolk, Virginia on USS Abarenda with a cargo of coal and steel for the project. The U.S. Navy was the only American agency present in the area, and it was made responsible for administering the new territory.^{[22]: 139–140}

The first

At the beginning of the 20th century, Pago Pago became American Samoa's port of entry.^[31]: 179

On April 11, 1904, the first public school in American Samoa, called Fagatogo, was established in the

When the U.S. joined World War I in May 1917, two German ships anchoring in Pago Pago were seized. The 10,000-ton Elsass was towed to Honolulu and turned over to the U.S. Navy, while its smaller gunboat, Solf, was refitted in Pago Pago and given the name USS Samoa. Wireless messaging between Pago Pago and Hawaii was routed through Fiji. As the British censored all messages through Fiji, the Navy quickly upgraded the facilities to go directly between Pago Pago and Honolulu.^[22]: 188

Pago Pago was a vital naval base for the U.S. during

In January 1942 Pago Pago Harbor was shelled by a Japanese submarine, but this was the only battle action on the islands during World War II.^[58] On January 20, 1942, the 2nd Marine Brigade arrived in Pago Pago with about 5,000 men and various supplies of weaponry, including cannons and tanks.^[59]

Pago Pago and the

In 1965, the Tramway at Mount ʻAlava was constructed as access to the TV transmission equipment on the mountain. It ran from atop Solo Hill at the end of the Togotogo Ridge above Utulei. It ascended 1.1 miles (1.8 kilometers) across Pago Pago Harbor and landed at the 1,598 ft (487 m) Mount ʻAlava. It was one of the world's longest single-span cablecar routes.^{[14]: 167 [65]: 475 [66]}

President

In November 1970, Pope Paul VI visited Pago Pago on his way to Australia.^{[68][22]: 292}

Shortly after Christmas in 1970, a village fire destroyed the legislative chambers and adjacent facilities. It was decided that the new Legislature would be placed permanently in the center of the township of Fagatogo, the traditional Malae o le Talu, at a cost of $500,000. A triple celebration in October 1973 marked the dedication of the new Fono compound, its 25th anniversary, and the holding in Pago Pago of the Pacific Conference of Legislators. First Lady Lillian "Lily" Lee unveiled the official seal of American Samoa carved on ifelele by master wood-carver Sven Ortquist, which was mounted in front of the new Fono. The Arts Council Choir sang the territorial anthem, "Amerika Samoa", as composer HC Tuiteleleapaga Napoleone conducted. The territorial bird, lupe, and flower, mosooi, were officially announced during the same ceremony.^[22]: 302

Shipping in and out of Pago Pago experienced an economic boom from 1970 to 1974. Flights into Pago Pago International Airport continued to increase in the early 1970s, with the Office of Tourism reporting 40,000 visitors and calling for the construction of additional hotels. Service to American Samoa by air was offered by

In 1972, Army Sp. 4 Fiatele Taulago Teʻo was killed in Vietnam and his body was flown home to Pago Pago where his many awards were presented to his parents. The first Army Reserve Center was named after him.^[22]: 316 Two additional American Samoans were killed in the Vietnam War, Cpl. Lane Fatutoa Levi and LCpl. Fagatoele Lokeni in 1970 and 1968, respectively.^[69]

In 1972, seven historical buildings in American Samoa were entered in the National Register of Historic Places of the United States, including Navy Building 38, Jean P. Haydon Museum, and the Government House.^[22]: 313

In 1985, the decision was made to privatize

In 1986, the First Invitational Canoe Race was held in Pago Pago.[22]^: 339

On September 25, 1991, downtown Fagatogo received a new landmark: the

Since 2000, American Samoa Department of Education through its school athletic program is the host of the East & West High School All-Star Football Game. It has been held at the field in Gagamoe in Pago Pago.^[71]

Pago Pago hosted the 10th annual Festival of Pacific Arts from July 20 through August 2, 2008.

In 2010, Tri Marine Group, the world's largest supplier of fish, purchased the plant assets of Samoa Packing and committed $34 million for a state-of-the-art tuna packing facility.^[70]

Mike Pence was the third sitting U.S. vice president to visit American Samoa^[72] when he made a stopover in Pago Pago in April 2017.^[73] He addressed 200 soldiers here during his refueling stop.^[74] U.S. Secretary of State Rex Tillerson visited town on June 3, 2017.^[75]

In August 2017, the Fono building in Fagatogo was demolished.^[76][77]

In 2018, four months of repair took place at the ASG-owned Ronald Reagan Shipyard in Satala.^[78]

A North Korean cargo ship seized by the United States arrived in Pago Pago for inspections in 2019.^[79]

2009 tsunami

On September 29, 2009, an earthquake struck in the South Pacific, near Samoa and American Samoa, sending a tsunami into Pago Pago and surrounding areas. The tsunami caused moderate to severe damage to villages, buildings and vehicles and caused 34 deaths and hundreds of injuries.^[80][81] It was an 8.3 magnitude earthquake which caused 5-foot (1.5 m) waves to hit the city. It caused major flooding and damaged numerous buildings. A local power plant was disabled, 241 homes were destroyed, and 308 homes had major damage. Shortly after the earthquake, President Barack Obama issued a federal disaster declaration, which authorized funds for individual assistance (IA), such as temporary housing.^[82]

The largest wave hit Pago Pago at 6:13 pm local time, with an amplitude of 6.5 feet (2.0 m).^[83]

Geography

Pago Pago is in the Eastern District of American Samoa, in Ma'oputasi County.^[84] It is approximately 2,600 miles (4,200 km) southwest of Hawaii, 1,600 miles (2,600 km) northeast of New Zealand, and 4,500 miles (7,200 km) southwest of California.^[85] It is located at 14°16′46″S 170°42′02″W / 14.27944°S 170.70056°W / -14.27944; -170.70056. Pago Pago is located 18 degrees south of the equator.^[86]

The city of Pago Pago encompasses several surrounding villages,^[87] including Fagatogo, the legislative and judicial capital, and Utulei, the executive capital and home of the Governor.^[52] The town is located between steep mountainsides and the harbor. It is surrounded by mountains such as Mount Matafao (2,142 ft), Rainmaker Mountain (1,716 ft), Mount ʻAlava (1,611 ft), Mount Siona (892 ft), Mount Tepatasi (666 ft), and Mount Matai (850 ft), all mountains protecting Pago Pago Harbor.^[88] The main downtown area is Fagatogo on the south shore of Pago Pago Harbor, the location of the Fono (territorial legislature), the port, the bus station and the market. The banks are in Utulei and Fagotogo, as are the Sadie Thompson Inn and other hotels. The tuna canneries, which provide employment for a third of the population of Tutuila, are in Atu'u on the north shore of the harbor. The village of Pago Pago is at the western head of the harbor.^[89]

Pago Pago Harbor nearly bisects

In the village of Pago Pago, from

North of town is the National Park of American Samoa.^[92] A climb to the summit of Mount ʻAlava in the National Park of American Samoa provides a bird's-eye view of the harbor and town.^[93]

Agriculture

Agriculture and fishing still provide sustenance for local families.^{[22]: 8–9}

City features

The Greater Pago Pago Area stretches into neighboring villages:^[24]

• Fagatogo is home to the Pago Pago Post Office, museum, movie theater, bars, and taxi services. It is locally known as Downtown Pago Pago.^[5]: 51
• Utulei and Maleimi are home to some Pago Pago-based hotels.
• Atu'u
  are home to Pago Pago's tuna industry.
• Tafuna is the location of the Pago Pago International Airport, seven miles (11 km) south of Pago Pago.

Some houses are Western-style; others are more traditional Samoan housing units. All houses have running water and plumbing.

Pago Pago Park is a public park by the harbor in Pago Pago. It lies by the Laolao Stream at the very end of Pago Pago Harbor. It is a 20-acre (8.1 ha) recreational complex and culture center. There are a ball field, sports court and boat ramp in the park. The park houses businesses such as the American Samoa Development Bank.^[97][98] There are basketball and tennis courts, a football field, a gymnasium, a bowling alley and several Korean food kiosks in the park. The Korean House was built as a social center for the Korean fishermen in town.^[14]: 170

National Park

Pago Pago is the primary entry point for visits to National Park of American Samoa, and the city is situated immediately south of the park.

Pago Pago is vulnerable to natural and man-made disasters. Vulnerabilities include heavy storms, flooding, tsunamis, mudslides, and earthquakes. American Samoa has experienced several cyclones and tropical storms, which also increase risks of rock slides and floodings.^[108]

The capital city is situated at the head of

In the past century, Pago Pago has experienced over 50 minor tsunamis. The earliest and most impactful tsunami before the 2009 Samoa earthquake and tsunami occurred in 1917. This event was triggered by a magnitude 8.3 earthquake at the outer border of the northern end of the Tonga Trench, approximately 200 km off the Tutuila coast. The initial wave, reaching a height of about 3 m., resulted in the destruction of numerous houses and two churches. No human casualties were reported. Another notable event was the tsunami associated with the 1960 Valdivia earthquake. While waves in the head of Pago Pago Bay reached a maximum height of 5 m., they caused minimal damage to several houses, with no reported casualties. The most destructive tsunami in Pago Pago's recorded history took place in 2009. Studies indicate that during this incident, wave amplification occurred in the Pago Pago Bay due to its long and narrow morphology. Waves that measured approximately 1 m. at the mouth of Pago Pago Bay surged to a maximum height of 7 m. at the head of Pago Pago Bay. The resulting inundation caused extensive damage in Pago Pago Harbor, extending up to 500 m. inland, and reaching a maximum run-up of 8 m., leading to 34 casualties across Tutuila Island.^[109]

Climate

Pago Pago has a tropical rainforest climate (Köppen climate classification Af) with hot temperatures and abundant year-round rainfall. All official climate records for American Samoa are kept at Pago Pago. The hottest temperature ever recorded was 99 °F (37 °C) on February 22, 1958. Conversely, the lowest temperature on record was 59 °F (15 °C) on October 10, 1964.^[110] The average annual temperature recorded at the weather station at Pago Pago International Airport is 82 °F (28 °C), with a temperature range of about two degrees Fahrenheit separating the average monthly temperatures of the coolest and hottest months.

Pago Pago has been named one of the wettest places on Earth. Due to its warm winters, the plant hardiness zone is 13b. It receives 128.34 inches (3,260 mm) of rain per year. The rainy season lasts from October through May, but the town experiences warm and humid temperatures year-round. Besides it being wetter and more humid from November–April, this is also the hurricane season. The frequency of hurricanes hitting Pago Pago has increased dramatically in recent years. The windy season lasts from May to October. As warmer easterlies are forced up and over Rainmaker Mountain, clouds form and drop moisture on the city. Consequentially, Pago Pago experiences twice the rainfall of nearby Apia in Western Samoa.^{[8]: 350–351} The average yearly rainfall in Pago Pago Harbor is 197 inches (5,000 mm), whereas in neighboring Western Samoa, it is around 118 inches (3,000 mm) per year.^[111]

Rainmaker Mountain, which is also known as Mount Pioa, is a designated National Natural Landmark.^[3] It is notable for its ability to extract rain in tremendous quantities. Rising 1,716 feet (523 m) out of the ocean, the Pioa monolith blocks the path of the low clouds heavy with fresh water as they are pushed along by the southeast tradewinds. The southeast ridge of Rainmaker Mountain reaches up into the clouds creating downfalls of enormous proportions.^[23]: 30

Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. There is more info on Phabricator and on MediaWiki.org.

See or edit raw graph data.

Demographics

The village of Pago Pago proper had a 2010 population of 3,656. However, Pago Pago also encompasses neighboring villages. The Greater Pago Pago Area was home to 11,500 residents in 2011.^[115] Around 90 percent of American Samoa's population lives around Pago Pago.^[116][117] American Samoa's population grew by 22 percent in the 1990s; nearly all of this growth took place in Pago Pago.^[118]

As of the

The proportion of Pago Pago residents born outside of American Samoa was 26 percent in the early 1980s, and 39 percent in the late 1980s. The percentage of residents born abroad reached 44 percent in 1990. Many of the residents are American Samoans who were born abroad, and the village also has had an increasing number of new residents from Far East countries such as South Korea.^{[90]: 24–22}

The village of Pago Pago, the Greater Pago Pago Area and Maʻopūtasi County observed a notable reduction in population during the period from 2010 to 2020. Specifically, the county registered a 16.8 percent decline in population, while Pago Pago proper recorded an 18 percent decrease. This decline surpassed the overall population decrease for American Samoa, which stood at 10.5 percent during the same timeframe. Among the villages in the county, only Anua experienced a positive growth in population, contrasting with declines in villages such as Fagatogo (-16.8%), Satala (-26.6%), and Utulei (-30%).^[120]

Government

Pago Pago is the seat of the judiciary (Fagatogo), legislature and Governor's Office (Utulei).^[24]

Education

The Feleti Barstow Public Library is located in Pago Pago.^[121] In 1991, severe tropical cyclone Val hit Pago Pago, destroying the library that existed there. The current Barstow library, constructed in 1998, opened on April 17, 2000.^[122]

The

Pago Pago is the center of commerce in American Samoa.^{[124][125][126]} It is home to all the industry and most of the commerce in American Samoa.^[14]: 166 It is the number one port in the United States in terms of value of fish landed - about $200,000,000 per year.^[9] In 2007, tuna exports accounted for 93% of all exports, amounting to $446 million.^[127]

Tuna canning is the main economic activity in town. Exports are almost exclusively tuna canneries such as Chicken of the Sea and StarKist, which are both located in Pago Pago. These also occupy 14 percent of American Samoa's total workforce as of 2014.^[128] The most industrialized area in the territory can be found between Pago Pago Harbor and the Tafuna-Leone Plain, which also are the two most densely populated places in the islands.^[129]

American Samoa was the world's fourth-largest tuna processor in 1993. The primary industry is tuna processing by the Samoa Packing Co. (

It is a wealthier city than nearby Apia, capital of Samoa.^{[132][133][134]}

Tourism

Tourism in American Samoa is centered around Pago Pago. It receives 34,000 visitors per year, which is one-fourth of neighboring country of Samoa. 69.3 percent of visitors are from the United States as of 2014.^[135]

Until 1980, one could experience the view of Mt. Avala by taking an aerial tramway over the harbor, but on April 17 of that year a U.S. Navy plane, flying overhead as part of the Flag Day celebrations, struck the cable; the plane crashed into a wing of the Rainmaker Hotel.^[136] The tramway was repaired, but closed not long after. The tram remains unusable, although according to Lonely Planet, plans have been put forth to reopen it, but in December 2010 the cable was damaged by Tropical Cyclone Wilma, fell into the harbor and has not been repaired. Governor Lolo Matalasi Moliga announced in 2014 that he would look into restoring the cable car.^[137]

The Sadie Thompson Inn, on the outskirts of Pago Pago, is a hotel and restaurant that is listed on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places.

The Greater Pago Pago Area is home to more than 10 hotels:^{[65]: 483–485}

• Tutuila Island
  (Demolished in 2015)
• Quality Inn Tradewinds Hotel, located by the airport at Ottoville
• Sadie Thompson Inn, named for a character in Rain (1921), in Fagatogo
• Herb and Sia's Motel, in downtown area of Fagatogo
• Scanlan Inn, a smaller motel in Fagatogo
• Motu O Fiafiaga Motel (Evalani's Motel), in Fagatogo
• Sadies by the Sea, hotel in '
  Utulei

Transportation

Pago Pago Harbor is the port of entry for vessels arriving in American Samoa.^[141] Many cruise boats and ships land at Pago Pago Harbor for reprovision reasons, such as to restock on goods and to utilize American-trained medical personnel.^[142] Pago Pago Harbor is one of the world's largest natural harbors.^[115] It has been named one of the best deepwater harbors in the South Pacific Ocean,^[4][143] or one of the best in the world as a whole.^[144]

Pago Pago is a port of call for South Pacific cruise ships, including Norwegian Cruise Line^[145] and Princess Cruises.^[146] However, cruise ships do not take on passengers in Pago Pago, but typically arrive in the morning and depart in the afternoon. Thirteen cruise ships were scheduled to visit Pago Pago in 2017, bringing 31,000 visitors.^[147] Pago Pago Harbor can accommodate two cruise ships at the same time, and has done so on several occasions.^[148]

Bus and taxi services are based in Fagatogo.[151]

Historical sites

Sixteen remaining structures from the

During World War II, guns were emplaced at Blunt's and Breaker's Points, covering Pago Pago Harbor.^{[48]: 85–86}

Landmarks

Landmarks include:^{[5]: 54 [14]: 167–169}

• National Park of American Samoa, immediately north of town
• U.S. National Register of Historic Places
• Government House is a colonial mansion atop Mauga o Ali'i (the chief's hill), which was erected in 1903
• The Fono is the territorial legislature
• U.S. National Register of Historic Places
• Jean P. Haydon Museum was constructed in 1917 and houses historical artifacts such as canoes. It is named for its founder, the wife of Governor John Morse Haydon
• Blunts Point Battery, erected as a part of the fortification following the attack on Pearl Harbor^[154]
• Breakers Point Naval Guns, World War II-era defensive fortification
• Rainmaker Mountain (Pioa Mountain), designated National Natural Landmark^[3]
• Utulei Beach, beach in Utulei
• Navy Building 38, historic radio station in Fagatogo
• Tauese PF Sunia Ocean Center, visitor center for National Marine Sanctuary of American Samoa
• Air Disaster Memorial, in Utulei. Monument for the eight deceased during a 1980 airplane crash

In popular culture

• Rain (1921) by W. Somerset Maugham is set in Pago Pago.^{[65]: 463 [156]} Movie adaptions include Sadie Thompson (1928), Rain (1932), and Miss Sadie Thompson (1953).
• The Blonde Captive (1931) was filmed in Pago Pago.^[157]
• The Hurricane (1937) and its sequel, Hurricane (1979), were set in Pago Pago. The 1937 film was filmed in Pago Pago.^[157]
• The storyline in the film
  Long Beach, CA.^[158]
• A jungle village resembling Pago Pago was created for motion picture in
  Catalina Island, CA.^[159] Several Sadie Thompson
  films were shot here.
• Lost and Found on a South Sea Island (1923) is set in Pago Pago.
• Next Goal Wins (2014), British documentary filmed in Pago Pago.
• Samoa, California was named in honor of American Samoa. It was assumed that the harbor in Pago Pago looked similar to that of the town, and it consequentially got the name Samoa, CA in the 1890s.^[160]
• In the Sweet Pie and Pie (1941), The Three Stooges short. Pago Pago is mentioned as being one of the locations for the fictional Heedam Neckties stores.
• In Better Call Saul (2015), Saul Goodman graduated from the fictional American Samoa Law School.

Notable people

• Governor of American Samoa
• Al Harrington, actor most known for his role in Hawaii Five-O^[161]
• Gary Scott Thompson, director and television producer^[162]
• John Kneubuhl, screenwriter
• Shalom Luani, NFL player for the Los Angeles Chargers
• Junior Siavii, Former NFL player for the Kansas City Chiefs, Dallas Cowboys, and the Seattle Seahawks
• Jonathan Fanene, Former NFL player for the Cincinnati Bengals
• Mosi Tatupu, Former NFL player for the New England Patriots, and the Los Angeles Rams
• Shaun Nua, Former NFL player for the Pittsburgh Steelers
• Isaac Sopoaga, Former NFL player for the San Francisco 49ers, Philadelphia Eagles, New England Patriots, and the Arizona Cardinals
• Daniel Teʻo-Nesheim, Former NFL player for the Philadelphia Eagles, and the Tampa Bay Buccaneers
• Frank Solomon, rugby player
• Faauuga Muagututia, US Navy Seal
• U.S. House of Representatives
• Fofó Iosefa Fiti Sunia
  , first non-voting Delegate from American Samoa to the U.S. House of Representatives
• Palauni Ma Sun, American football offensive lineman
• Joey Iosefa, football player
• Bob Apisa, football player
• Domata Peko, football player
• Isaako Aaitui, football player
• Kennedy Polamalu, football coach and former player
• Gabe Reid, former football tight end for the NFL's Chicago Bears
• Nicky Salapu, soccer player
• Trevor Misipeka, football player
• Cocoa Samoa, wrestler
• Mighty Mo, kickboxer

See also

• List of reduplicated place names

References

1. ^ United States Postal Service (2012). "USPS - Look Up a ZIP Code". Archived from the original on February 14, 2012. Retrieved February 15, 2012.
2. ^ "Geographic Names Information System". United States Geological Survey. Archived from the original on July 14, 2012. Retrieved January 31, 2008.
3. ^
   ISBN 9780787299705
   .
4. ^
   ISBN 9780160933271
   .
5. ^
   ISBN 9780791010532
   .
6. ^
   ISBN 9780613032421
   .
7. ^
   ISBN 9781437914252
   .
8. ^
   ISBN 9780918373991
   .
9. ^ ^{a b} "NATURAL HISTORY GUIDE TO AMERICAN SAMOA" (PDF). National Park Service. 2009. p. 48. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-02-24. Retrieved 3 September 2022.
10. ^ United States. Army. Corps of Engineers. Pacific Ocean Division (1975). Water Resources Development by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers in American Samoa, 1975. Division Engineer, U.S. Army Engineer Division, Pacific Ocean, Corps of Engineers. Page 36.
11. ISBN 9780858070493
    .
12. ISBN 9780852299616
    .
13. ISBN 9780230599536
    .
14. ^
    ISBN 9780864422255
    .
15. ^ "Raiders draft Shalom Luani". 30 April 2017.
16. ISBN 9780393247602
    .
17. ^
    ISBN 9780824822651
    .
18. ISBN 9781615353668
    .
19. ISBN 9781786572172
    .
20. ^ ^{a b} "Rainmaker Mountain in Tutuila". Lonely Planet. Archived from the original on October 19, 2017. Retrieved November 28, 2017.
21. ^ "American Samoa Is The Empty Slice Of Bliss You've Been Craving". huffingtonpost.com. 5 September 2014. Archived from the original on September 10, 2017. Retrieved November 28, 2017.
22. ^
    ISBN 9781573062992
    .
23. ^
    ISBN 9780896103399
    .
24. ^
    ISSN 0199-5111
    .
25. ^ "Uber, schmuber. Behold the buses of Pago Pago ..." LA Times. 10 November 2015. Archived from the original on October 21, 2017. Retrieved November 28, 2017.
26. ^ "Language in Samoa | Frommer's". Archived from the original on 2019-08-14. Retrieved 2019-08-14.
27. ISBN 9781576078945
    .
28. ISBN 9781598587708
    .
29. ISBN 9780684130101
    .
30. ^ Gray, John Alexander Clinton (1960). Amerika Samoa: a history of American Samoa and its United States Naval Administration. United States Naval Institute. Page 123.
31. ^
    ISBN 9780405130380
    .
32. ISBN 9781420036640
    .
33. ^ Sand, Christophe and David J. Addison (2008). Recent Advances in the Archaeology of the Fiji/West-Polynesia Region. Department of Anthropology, Gender and Sociology. University of Otago. Dunedin: New Zealand. Page 93. ISBN 9780473145866.
34. ^ Craig, Peter (2009). Natural history guide to American Samoa. National Park of American Samoa. Page 19. Retrieved on January 20, 2024, from https://www.nps.gov/npsa/learn/education/upload/NatHistGuideAS09.pdf.
35. ^ Sand, Christophe and David J. Addison (2008). Recent Advances in the Archaeology of the Fiji/West-Polynesia Region. Department of Anthropology, Gender and Sociology. University of Otago. Dunedin: New Zealand. Page 110. ISBN 9780473145866.
36. ^ Rieth, Tim (2008). How Dark Are They? The Samoan Dark Ages, ~1500-1000 BP. Retrieved on January 20, 2024, from https://www.academia.edu/1758604/How_Dark_Are_They_The_Samoan_Dark_Ages_1500-1000_BP.
37. ^ Sand, Christophe and David J. Addison (2008). Recent Advances in the Archaeology of the Fiji/West-Polynesia Region. Department of Anthropology, Gender and Sociology. University of Otago. Dunedin: New Zealand. Page 91. ISBN 9780473145866.
38. ^ Sand, Christophe and David J. Addison (2008). Recent Advances in the Archaeology of the Fiji/West-Polynesia Region. Department of Anthropology, Gender and Sociology. University of Otago. Dunedin: New Zealand. Page 103. ISBN 9780473145866.
39. The Journal of the Polynesian Society, 113(4), 331–348. Page 334. Retrieved on January 21, 2024, from http://www.jstor.org/stable/20707242
    .
40. ^ "TS Tongan War in Tutuila : Samoan Mythology".
41. ^ Lutali, A.P. and William J. Stewart. The Chieftal System in Twentieth Century America: Legal Aspects of the Matai System in the Territory of American Samoa.  4 Ga. J. Int’l & Compar. L. 387 (1974). Page 390. Retrieved on January 20, 2024, from https://digitalcommons.law.uga.edu/gjicl/vol4/iss2/8/.
42. ^ Sorensen, Stan and Theroux, Joseph. The Samoan Historical Calendar, 1606-1997. Government of American Samoa. Page 113.
43. ISBN 9780415775724
    .
44. ISBN 9780816658152
    .
45. ISBN 9781428993679
    .
46. ISBN 9780836858273
    .
47. ISBN 9781621570554
    .
48. ^
    ISBN 9780313313950
    .
49. ^ "Robert Louis Stevenson". Encyclopedia Britannica. 5 February 2019.
50. ^ "American Samoa Bar Association". Archived from the original on 2020-01-10. Retrieved 2019-09-08.
51. ISBN 9780822337249
    .
52. ^ ^{a b c} "Pago Pago | American Samoa". Britannica.com. Archived from the original on October 19, 2017. Retrieved November 28, 2017.
53. ISBN 9780924208003
    .
54. ^ "American Samoa Community College (ASCC) Trades & Technology Program (TT&P): "Assessment & Strategic Vision Report"" (PDF). American Samoa Community College. 17 April 2005. p. 7. Retrieved 28 November 2022.
55. ^ "NFS Form 10-900-a OMB Approval No. 1024-0018 | Thompson, Sadie, Building, Eastern AS" (PDF). National Register of Historic Places. February 2, 2009. Archived (PDF) from the original on February 28, 2017. Retrieved November 28, 2017.
56. ISBN 9780313299162
    .
57. ISBN 9781466863163
    .
58. ISBN 9781576383179
    .
59. ISBN 9780980033151
    .
60. ^ "David Huebner - US Ambassador to New Zealand". Archived from the original on February 27, 2013. Retrieved November 28, 2017.
61. ^ "Dedication of VA Clinic centerpiece of VP Pence visit to AmSam". samoanews.com. 19 April 2017. Archived from the original on October 26, 2017. Retrieved November 28, 2017.
62. ^ "Apollo At American Samoa Summary". members.tripod.com. Retrieved November 28, 2017.
63. ^ "Kevin Steen". history.nasa.gov. Archived from the original on December 26, 2017. Retrieved November 28, 2017.
64. ^ "Jean P. Haydon Museum Review | Fodor's Travel". fodors.com. Archived from the original on October 23, 2017. Retrieved November 28, 2017.
65. ^
    ISBN 9781566914116
    .
66. ISBN 9780804813136
    .
67. ^ "Lyndon B. Johnson: Remarks Upon Arrival at Tafuna International Airport, Pago Pago, American Samoa". presidency.ucsb.edu. Archived from the original on May 25, 2017. Retrieved November 28, 2017.
68. ISBN 9780809145935
    .
69. ^ "THE WALL OF FACES". Vietnam Veterans Memorial Fund. Retrieved 2020-10-22.
70. ^ ^{a b} "HISTORY OF THE AMERICAN SAMOA SHIPYARD". Ronald Reagan Shipyard. Archived from the original on 2019-07-23. Retrieved 2019-07-23.
71. ^ "Samoa Bowl IX: Live the experience through the Samoa Bowl!". 19 December 2011.
72. ^ "US Vice-President to dedicate American Samoa clinic to 'Eni'". RNZ. 19 April 2017. Retrieved 3 September 2022.
73. ^ "Pence cutting Pacific trip short". POLITICO. 24 April 2017. Archived from the original on October 20, 2017. Retrieved November 28, 2017.
74. ^ "Mike Pence cuts short his stop in Hawaii to deal with domestic issues". CBS News. 24 April 2017. Archived from the original on October 20, 2017. Retrieved November 28, 2017.
75. ^ "american samoa". americansamoa.gov. Archived from the original on October 20, 2017. Retrieved November 28, 2017.
76. ^ "Fono coming down". 28 August 2017. Archived from the original on 2019-07-24. Retrieved 2019-07-24.
77. ^ "JUST ASKING… when will there be a new Fono building? | American Samoa | Samoa News". Archived from the original on 2018-12-20. Retrieved 2019-07-24.
78. ^ "Four-month repair work underway at the Satala Shipyard". Samoa News. 7 December 2018. Archived from the original on 2019-07-23. Retrieved 2019-07-23.
79. ^ "North Korean cargo ship seized by US arrives in American Samoa for inspection by American authorities". USA Today. Archived from the original on 2019-07-17. Retrieved 2019-07-17.
80. ^ Article Archived 2009-10-03 at the Wayback Machine on Google News
81. ^ "Disaster aid flows to tsunami-hit Samoas Archived 2009-09-29 at the Wayback Machine". MSNBC.
82. ISBN 9781437942835
    .
83. ISBN 9780996257909
    .
84. ^ "CPH-T-8. Population, Housing Units, Land Area, and Density for U.S. Island Areas: 2010" (PDF). U.S. Census Bureau. p. 2. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2019-02-07.
85. ISBN 9780810321021
    .
86. ^ ^{a b} "Pago Pago International Airport (PPG) - American Samoa | Department of Port Administration". americansamoaport.as.gov. Archived from the original on December 15, 2017. Retrieved November 28, 2017.
87. ^ ^{a b} "Pago Pago, American Samoa: The Capital City on the Harbor". visittheusa.com. Archived from the original on October 19, 2017. Retrieved November 28, 2017.
88. ^ "Port of Pago Pago - American Samoa | Department of Port Administration". americansamoaport.as.gov. Archived from the original on December 10, 2017. Retrieved November 28, 2017.
89. ^ "Pago Pago (American Samoa)". Britannica Online Encyclopedia.
90. ^ ^{a b c d e} "AMERICAN SAMOA WATERSHED PROTECTION PLAN" (PDF). American Samoa Environmental Protection Agency. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2019-08-19.
91. ^ "Samoa Guide, 26. Life in a Samoan stream". Archived from the original on 2019-08-19. Retrieved 2019-08-19.
92. ^ "Pago Pago, capital city of American Samoa". visitcapitalcity.com. Archived from the original on July 5, 2017. Retrieved November 28, 2017.
93. ^ Farrell, Jack, "American Samoa American Samoa: A Tropical Delight Hosting the Only U.S. National Park South of the Equator" Archived 2014-05-12 at archive.today, Frederick News-Post, Sunday, March 16, 2014
94. ISBN 9780671866600
    .
95. ^
    ISBN 9780824846794
    .
96. ISBN 9780030779251
97. ISBN 9780671866600
    .
98. ISBN 9780864420787
    .
99. ISBN 9781426216510
    .
100. ISBN 9780470500705
101. ISBN 9781426208690
     .
102. ISBN 9780780804401
     .
103. ^ "Check out exhibits at NPS Visitor Center". Archived from the original on 2019-07-04. Retrieved 2019-08-09.
104. ISBN 9781400016280
     .
105. ISBN 9780787299705
     .
106. ISBN 9781573061117
     .
107. ISBN 9780762705733
     .
108. ISBN 9780866382601
     .
109. ^ Brieuc Riou, Eric Chaumillon, Jean-Luc Schneider, Thierry Corrège, Catherine Chagué. “The sediment-fill of Pago Pago Bay (Tutuila Island, American Samoa): New insights on the sediment record of past tsunamis.” Sedimentology, Blackwell Publishing, In press, 10.1111/sed.12574. hal-02422133. Retrieved on January 19, 2024, from https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/sed.12574
110. ^ "NOWData - NOAA Online Weather Data". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved November 22, 2012.
111. ISBN 9780960332236
     .
112. ^ "NOWData - NOAA Online Weather Data". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved September 11, 2021.
113. ^ "Summary of Monthly Normals 1991-2020". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Archived from the original on 2023-06-24. Retrieved September 11, 2021.
114. ^ "WMO Climate Normals for Tafuna/American Samoa, PI 1961–1990". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Archived from the original on September 11, 2021. Retrieved September 11, 2021.
115. ^ ^{a b} "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-01-30. Retrieved 2017-10-21.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
116. ISBN 9780816072293
     .
117. ^ "library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/print_aq". cia.gov. Retrieved November 28, 2017.
118. Den Store Danske, Gyldendal. Retrieved October 31, 2019, from http://denstoredanske.dk/index.php?sideId=36933
119. ISBN 9781428985490
     .
120. ^ "Tables 1 and 2. 2020 Census" (PDF). Census Bureau. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2022-12-07. Retrieved 2022-07-01.
121. ^ "Contact Us Archived 2010-05-16 at the Wayback Machine". Feleti Barstow Public Library. Retrieved May 19, 2010.
122. ^ "History Archived 2010-12-18 at the Wayback Machine." Feleti Barstow Public Library. Retrieved May 19, 2010.
123. ISBN 9789820200395
     .
124. ISBN 9789820200395
     .
125. ^ "In this 'weird, lost corner of America,' the beach of your dreams awaits in the most remote national park". Los Angeles Times. 26 December 2016. Archived from the original on 2019-07-23. Retrieved 2019-07-23.
126. ISBN 9780824830731
     .
127. ISBN 9780810867727
     .
128. ^ "AMERICAN SAMOA: Alternatives for Raising Minimum Wages to Keep Pace with the Cost of Living and Reach the Federal Level" (PDF). GAO. 2016. p. 1. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-06-02. Retrieved 3 September 2022.
129. ^ "Outreach and Enforcement Reduce Instream E. coli Levels and Disease Risk" (PDF). EPA. May 2006. Retrieved 28 November 2022.
130. ^ "Fagatogo Market in Tutuila". Lonely Planet. Archived from the original on October 21, 2017. Retrieved November 28, 2017.
131. ISBN 9781566911740
     .
132. ISBN 9783886181049
     .
133. ^ Clausing, Jeri (21 January 2001). "AGING WELL IN AMERICAN SAMOA". The New York Times. Archived from the original on October 19, 2017. Retrieved November 28, 2017.
134. ISBN 9780671866600
     .
135. ISBN 9781305176478
     .
136. ^ Moos, Grant. 1980 [1997]. "April 17, 1980: Fiery crash halts Flag Day". Samoa News, April 18, 1980 (reprinted in the Samoa News, January 22, 1997: 4). Cited in Sorensen, Stan, and Joseph Theroux. The Samoan Historical Calendar, 1606–2007 Archived 2009-02-27 at the Wayback Machine. p. 93.
137. ^ "American Samoa plans cable car revival". Radio New Zealand News. 16 October 2014. Archived from the original on November 7, 2017. Retrieved November 28, 2017.
138. ^ "Pago Pago Harbor, American Samoa". American Samoa Tourism. Archived from the original on October 21, 2017. Retrieved November 28, 2017.
139. ^ "American Samoa Targets Expedition Market - Cruise Industry News | Cruise News". cruiseindustrynews.com. 20 June 2017. Archived from the original on June 20, 2017. Retrieved November 28, 2017.
140. ^ "American Samoa Cruises". USA Today. Archived from the original on October 21, 2017. Retrieved November 28, 2017.
141. ISBN 9781566911726
     .
142. ISBN 9781472905260
     .
143. ISBN 9780816072293
     .
144. ISBN 9780890843772
     .
145. ^ "Welcome". ncl.com. Archived from the original on October 26, 2017. Retrieved November 28, 2017.
146. ^ "Princess Cruises : Pago Pago, American Samoa". princess.com. Archived from the original on October 26, 2017. Retrieved November 28, 2017.
147. ^ "Thirteen cruise ships to visit American Samoa". Radio New Zealand News. 17 January 2017. Archived from the original on October 26, 2017. Retrieved November 28, 2017.
148. ^ "American Samoa Targets Expedition Market - Cruise Industry News | Cruise News". cruiseindustrynews.com. 20 June 2017. Archived from the original on June 20, 2017. Retrieved November 28, 2017.
149. ^ "Port Information - American Samoa | Department of Port Administration". americansamoaport.as.gov. Archived from the original on December 8, 2017. Retrieved November 28, 2017.
150. ISBN 9781786572172
     .
151. ^ "Planning a Trip in American Samoa | Frommer's". frommers.com. Archived from the original on October 30, 2017. Retrieved November 28, 2017.
152. ^
     ISBN 9781566910408
     .
153. ^ "Gallery Item Display". Archived from the original on 2019-08-24. Retrieved 2019-08-24.
154. ^ "american samoa". americansamoa.gov. Archived from the original on October 20, 2017. Retrieved November 28, 2017.
155. ISBN 9780813133942
     .
156. ISSN 0199-5111
     .
157. ^
     ISBN 9780520079083
     .
158. ISBN 9781566470896
     .
159. ISBN 9780786452743
     .
160. ISBN 9780403093182
     .
161. ISBN 9780313391675
     .
162. ^ "About". gstproductions.com. Archived from the original on October 24, 2017. Retrieved November 28, 2017.

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Pago Pago.

Look up Pago Pago in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

• Pago Pago, American Samoa National Weather Service Office
• Pago Pago Weather underground
• Census-2010 Population

14°16′46″S 170°42′02″W / 14.27944°S 170.70056°W / -14.27944; -170.70056