Paisley, Renfrewshire
Paisley (
Paisley serves as the
The town became prominent in the 12th century, with the establishment of
By the late 19th century, Paisley was a global centre of the
History
Early history
Formerly and variously known as Paislay,[3] Passelet, Passeleth, and Passelay[4] the burgh's name is of uncertain origin; some sources suggest a derivation either from the Brittonic word pasgill, "pasture", or from the Cumbric basaleg, "basilica", (i.e. major church), derived from the Greek βασιλική basilika. Some Scottish placename books suggest "Pæssa's wood/clearing", from the Old English personal name Pæssa, "clearing", and leāh, "wood". Pasilege (1182) and Paslie (1214) are recorded previous spellings of the name. The Gaelic translation is Pàislig.
It is worth noting that some sources favour the name of the town as having its roots in the Gaelic word Baisleac, which is, like the Cumbric basaleg, derived from basilika.[5] As Paisley was part of the Cumbric speaking Kingdom of Strathclyde, before being absorbed into the Gaelic speaking Kingdom of Alba in the 11th century, and with Cumbric being considered extinct by the 12th century, it is uncertain whether the name of Paisley is of Cumbric or Gaelic origin, due to the linguistic shift that occurred around this time.
The Roman name for Paisley was Vanduara.[6]
Paisley has monastic origins. A chapel is said to have been established by the 6th / 7th-century Irish monk,
Paisley coalesced under James II's wish that the lands should become a single regality and, as a result, markets, trading and commerce began to flourish. In 1488 the town's status was raised by James IV to Burgh of barony. Many trades sprang up and the first school was established in 1577 by the Town Council.[8]
Witch Trials
The Paisley witches, also known as the Bargarran witches or the Renfrewshire witches, were tried in Paisley in 1697. Seven were convicted and five were hanged and then burnt on the Gallow Green. Their remains were buried at Maxwelton Cross in the west end of the town. This was the last mass execution for witchcraft in western Europe.[9] A horse shoe was placed on top of the site to lock in the evil. A horse shoe is still visible in the middle of this busy road junction today—though not the original. The modern shoe is made of bronze and bears the inscription, "Pain Inflicted, Suffering Endured, Injustice Done".[10]
18th and 19th centuries
Industrial Revolution
The Industrial Revolution, based on the textile industry, turned Paisley from a small market town to an important industrial town in the late 18th century. Initially beginning with small scale weaving (as took place at the Sma’ Shot cottages located in Shuttle Street), Paisley's location and workforce attracted English mill owners; migrants from Ayrshire and the Highlands poured into a town that offered jobs to women and children until silk fell out of fashion in 1790.[11] The mills switched to the imitation Kashmir (cashmere) shawls called "Paisley". Under the leadership of Thomas Coats (1809–1893), Paisley became the world centre for thread making. Mills and textile factories grew from the late 18th century, coming to dominate the town in the late Victorian era. These include the Anchor and Seedhill mills, as well as the adjacent Atlantic, Pacific and Mile End mills.[12][13][14] Another example was Underwood Mill, a cotton mill founded in the 1780s which was later rebuilt as a thread mill in the 1860s (it fell into disuse in the 1970s).[15] Other thread mills include Oakshaw thread works (later used by Arrol-Johnston car manufacturers) and the Burnside thread works.[16][17]
Origins of Paisley Shawls
By the mid-19th century weaving had become the town's principal industry. The Paisley weavers' most famous products were the shawls, which bore the Paisley Pattern made fashionable after being worn by a young Queen Victoria. Despite being of a Kashmiri design and manufactured in other parts of Europe, the teardrop-like pattern soon became known by Paisley's name across the western world.[18][19] Although the shawls dropped out of fashion in the 1870s, the Paisley pattern remains an important symbol of the town: the Paisley Museum maintains a significant collection of the original shawls in this design, and it has been used, for example, in the modern logo of Renfrewshire Council, the local authority.[20]
According to Monique Lévi-Strauss,[21] information[22] on the history of Kashmir shawls'[23][24] weaving techniques had been described in books, but in a very unintelligible language. John Irwin[25][26] published a book named Shawls,[27] a Study in Indo-European Influences, in 1955,[28][29] in which he relates the Kashmir shawl's history and how these shawls spread on the European market during the 19th century.[30] The book showed images of shawls[31] woven in India and also fifteen images of shawls woven in United Kingdom, amongst which is one assigned to a Paisley manufacture, circa 1850. But according to Monique Lévi-Strauss, it resembles by many details a shawl designed by a French[32][33] designer named Antony Berrus, born in 1815 at Nîmes-France and died in 1883.[34] The designer studied at the drawing School of Nîmes, before settling in Paris and opening in the French capital his own successful design studio, which employed 200 designers. His textile drawings were sold to Lyon in France, in Scotland, in England, in Austria and also in Kashmir. The fact that shawl patterns drawings were made in Europe, sold there and also to India, made the research work extremely difficult, in order to give a precise location of manufacture. Therefore, in 1973, John Irwin published an update of his book, named as The Kashmir Shawl, in which he removed all the images of the shawls related to a European manufacturing.[35] Monique Lévi-Strauss clearly states that her research led her to focus on the shawls creative industries in France in the 19th century, for the reason that the shawl industries in the United Kingdom (Paisley), Austria (Vienna), Germany (Elberfeld) were inspired by France (Paris) and never the opposite. The author then invited textile specialists from these countries to conduct research on their own field. Monique Lévi-Strauss notes the large influence that Kashmir had on the French shawl creative industries, narrowly linking the French history of Kashmir shawls to the Indian ones.[34]
Political radicalism
The high-status skilled weavers mobilised themselves in radical protests after 1790, culminating in the failed Radical War between 1816 and 1820. Through its weaving fraternity, Paisley gained notoriety as being a literate and somewhat radical town. Political intrigue, early trades unionism and reforming zeal came together to produce mass demonstrations, cavalry charges down the high street, public riots and trials for treason. Documentation from the period indicates that overthrow of the government was even contemplated by some.[36] The weavers of Paisley were certainly active in the 'Radical War'. The perceived radical nature of the inhabitants prompted the Tory Prime Minister Benjamin Disraeli to comment "Keep your eye on Paisley". The poet Robert Tannahill lived in this setting, working as a weaver. Paisley's annual Sma' Shot Day celebrations held on the first Saturday of July [37] were initiated in 1856 to commemorate a 19th-century dispute between weavers and employers over payment for "sma' shot" – a small cotton thread which, although unseen, was necessary in holding together garments.[38]
A permanent military presence was established in the town with the completion of Paisley Barracks in 1822.[39]
Economic change
The economic crisis of 1841–43 hit Paisley hard as most of the mills shut down. Among the mill owners, 67 of 112 went bankrupt. A quarter of the population was on poor relief. The Prime Minister, Sir Robert Peel decided to act. He secured additional funds for relief and sent his own representative to the town to supervise its distribution. He convinced Queen Victoria to wear Paisley products in order to popularise the products and stimulate demand.[40] Overproduction, the collapse of the shawl market and a general depression in the textile industry led to technical changes that reduced the importance of weavers. Politically the mill owners remained in control of the town.[41] However, other industrial development continued in and around Paisley outside of textiles, including the development of ironstone and oil shale extraction at Inkerman. The town also had numerous other industries, examples include numerous engineering works, as well as a distillery, ironwork, dye works and tanneries.[42][43][44][45]
The
20th century
First World War
Paisley suffered heavy losses in the
Bottled snail incident
Paisley was also the site of an incident that gave rise to a major legal precedent. In a Paisley cafe in 1928, a woman claimed to find a dead snail in a bottle of ginger beer, and became ill. She sued the manufacturer for negligence. At the time a manufacturer was considered liable only if there was a contract in place with the harmed party. After Donoghue v Stevenson, a precedent was established that manufacturers (and other "neighbours" or fellow citizens) owe a duty not to do foreseeable harm to others by negligence, regardless of contractual obligations, which paved the way for modern tort law. The case is often called the "Paisley snail".[50]
Second World War
Owing to its industrial roots, Paisley, like many industrial towns in Renfrewshire, became a target for German Luftwaffe bombers during World War II. Although it was not bombed as heavily as nearby Glasgow (see Clydebank Blitz), air raids still occurred periodically during the early years of the war, killing nearly a hundred people in several separate incidents; on 6 May 1941, a parachute mine was dropped in the early hours of the morning claiming 92 victims; this is billed the worst disaster in Paisley's history.[51] The Gleniffer Braes, on the southern outskirts of Paisley, are home to a number of "decoy ponds" (mock airfields) used by the RAF after the Battle of Britain as part of a project code-named "Starfish Decoy" designed to confuse German spies.[52]
Industrial decline
Paisley, as with other areas in Renfrewshire, was at one time famous for its
The town also supported a number of engineering works some of which relied on the textile industry, others on shipbuilding. Paisley once had five shipyards including John Fullerton and Company (1866–1928), Bow, McLachlan and Company (1872–1932) and Fleming and Ferguson (1877–1969).[55]
A number of food manufacture companies existed in Paisley. The preserve manufacturer
In 1981
21st century
Regeneration
In 2015, the town launched its bid to become UK City of Culture in 2021.[66] On 15 July 2017 Paisley was announced as one of five shortlisted candidates,[67] On 7 December 2017 it lost to Coventry. Following the announcement, Renfrewshire Council and the Paisley 2021 Board stated that Paisley's "journey will continue" and that the bid process was "just the beginning" for regeneration processes in the town.[68]
Funding acquired during the City of Culture bid has led to multi-million pound regenerations for many of the town's key attractions.[69] This includes a £22million refurbishment to the Town Hall which reopened in October 2023,[70] a new £7million Central Library and Learning Hub on the High Street which opened November 2023,[71] and a £45million transformation of Paisley Museum due to be completed in late 2024.[72] Renfrewshire Council also maintains its Townscape Heritage Initiative and Conservation Area Regeneration Scheme to provide grants to property owners in Paisley and the surrounding areas to carry out historic building repair and traditional shopfront reinstatement.[73]
Governance
Paisley is the administrative centre for the council area of Renfrewshire Council, and also lies within the registration county of the same name. The town is divided into Community Councils for representation at the most local level.[74]
Paisley in represented in the
Public services
Paisley lies within the Renfrewshire and Inverclyde Division of the Scottish
Geography and climate
Geography
Paisley sits primarily on an expanse of low ground around 12 metres (40 ft) above sea level surrounding the
Paisley expanded steadily, particularly in the
Particularly following the Housing Act 1946, modern Paisley grew into the surrounding countryside, and several large residential areas were created in the post-war period. These include portions of
On the outskirts of the town are a number of settlements such as Ralston, a residential area in the far east bordering the city of Glasgow. Ralston was outside the Paisley burgh boundary when constructed in the 1930s, but as a result of local authority reorganisation in the 1990s, it is now a suburb of Paisley.
Climate
Climate data for Paisley,[a] elevation: 16 m or 52 ft, 1981–2010 normals, extremes 1959–present | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °C (°F) | 13.5 (56.3) |
14.4 (57.9) |
17.2 (63.0) |
24.4 (75.9) |
26.5 (79.7) |
29.6 (85.3) |
30.0 (86.0) |
31.0 (87.8) |
26.7 (80.1) |
22.8 (73.0) |
17.7 (63.9) |
14.1 (57.4) |
31.0 (87.8) |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 6.9 (44.4) |
7.4 (45.3) |
9.6 (49.3) |
12.6 (54.7) |
15.9 (60.6) |
18.1 (64.6) |
19.7 (67.5) |
19.2 (66.6) |
16.4 (61.5) |
12.7 (54.9) |
9.4 (48.9) |
6.9 (44.4) |
12.9 (55.2) |
Daily mean °C (°F) | 4.4 (39.9) |
4.6 (40.3) |
6.3 (43.3) |
8.7 (47.7) |
11.6 (52.9) |
14.1 (57.4) |
15.9 (60.6) |
15.5 (59.9) |
13.1 (55.6) |
9.7 (49.5) |
6.7 (44.1) |
4.3 (39.7) |
9.6 (49.3) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 1.8 (35.2) |
1.8 (35.2) |
3.0 (37.4) |
4.8 (40.6) |
7.3 (45.1) |
10.1 (50.2) |
12.0 (53.6) |
11.7 (53.1) |
9.7 (49.5) |
6.7 (44.1) |
4.0 (39.2) |
1.7 (35.1) |
6.2 (43.2) |
Record low °C (°F) | −14.8 (5.4) |
−7.5 (18.5) |
−8.3 (17.1) |
−4.4 (24.1) |
−1.1 (30.0) |
1.5 (34.7) |
3.9 (39.0) |
2.2 (36.0) |
−0.2 (31.6) |
−3.5 (25.7) |
−6.8 (19.8) |
−14.5 (5.9) |
−14.8 (5.4) |
Average rainfall mm (inches) | 148.2 (5.83) |
104.6 (4.12) |
112.3 (4.42) |
63.6 (2.50) |
67.5 (2.66) |
66.4 (2.61) |
73.0 (2.87) |
92.5 (3.64) |
112.5 (4.43) |
143.1 (5.63) |
126.4 (4.98) |
135.2 (5.32) |
1,245.3 (49.01) |
Average rainy days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 17.3 | 13.2 | 14.9 | 11.6 | 11.9 | 11.1 | 12.0 | 12.8 | 13.8 | 16.8 | 16.0 | 15.5 | 167.0 |
Mean monthly sunshine hours | 37.6 | 66.9 | 98.6 | 134.5 | 180.1 | 158.9 | 154.3 | 146.8 | 114.9 | 85.2 | 54.0 | 33.1 | 1,265 |
Source 1: Met Office [88] | |||||||||||||
Source 2: KNMI/Royal Dutch Meteorological Institute[89] |
- ^ Weather station is located 7 mi (11 km) from the Glasgow city centre.
Economy
Public sector organisations in Paisley include the headquarters of Renfrewshire Council, the largest campus of the University of the West of Scotland, the Paisley campus of West College Scotland and the Royal Alexandra Hospital.
Glasgow Airport, located on the northern edge of Paisley, is also a significant employer and part of the area's transport infrastructure. The airline Loganair's registered office is located within the airport complex.[90]
Scotch whisky blenders and bottlers Chivas Brothers, now a subsidiary of Pernod Ricard, are also located in the town.
The site of the former Rootes/Chrysler/Talbot on the western outskirts of the town is now home to Phoenix Retail Park. Numerous private developers have invested, creating various retail outlets, vehicle showrooms, restaurants, a cinema complex, hotel and a business centre.
Landmarks
Civic buildings
As the
Renfrewshire House, the modern headquarters of Renfrewshire Council, was constructed as Paisley Civic Centre. Designed by Hutchison, Locke and Monk following a competition, the building was designed to house offices of both the county and town councils. It was intended to become a civic hub for Paisley but the absence of any shops and non-council premises prevented this from happening.
Other civic buildings of interest include the
Religious sites
Most noticeable among the buildings of Paisley is its medieval Abbey in the centre of the town dating from the 12th century. The earliest surviving architecture is the south-east doorway in the nave from the cloister, which has a round arched doorway typical of Romanesque architecture which was the prevalent architectural style before the adoption of Gothic. The choir (east end) and tower date from the late 19th and early 20th centuries and are examples of Gothic Revival architecture
Former
The
St Matthew's Church (Church of the Nazarene) at the junction of Gordon Street and Johnston Street is Art Nouveau in style. Designed by local architect William Daniel McLennan, a contemporary of Charles Rennie Mackintosh, it was built in 1905–07.
Other
Dating from circa 1160 Blackhall Manor is the oldest building in Paisley. It was given to the Burgh of Paisley by the Shaw-Stewart family in 1940, but was threatened with demolition in 1978. It was privately purchased in 1982 and fully restored as a private dwelling.
As a result of its historic textile industry, Paisley has many examples of
Another landmark connected with the textile industry is the Dooslan Stane or Stone. The stone was a meeting place of the Weavers Union in the south of Paisley; it was also used as a "soapbox" and was originally inscribed with its history (now largely faded). It was moved from its original site at the corner of Neilston Road and Rowan Street to its present location in Brodie Park. Also present, arranged around the Dooslan Stane, are the four original Paisley Tolbooth stones. The Dooslan Stane is still used today as the congregating point for the annual Sma' Shot parade which takes place on the first Saturday in July.[99]
The High Street drill hall was completed in about 1896.[100]
The composer
Transport
Paisley is connected to the motorway network and the National Rail network, and contains Glasgow Airport within its boundaries.
Paisley is connected by road to the UK motorway network, with the
The town has four railway stations and is linked by rail to
Glasgow Airport, operated by AGS Airports, is Scotland's largest airport, located to the north of Paisley at Abbotsinch. It is adjacent to the M8 motorway and served by buses from Paisley Gilmour Street railway station. The planned Glasgow Airport Rail Link project, which was to run through Paisley, was abandoned in 2009. As mentioned above, Glasgow Prestwick Airport in Ayrshire is directly accessible by rail from Paisley Gilmour Street station.
Education
Paisley is the main site for the
There are currently four comprehensive state secondary schools in Paisley: Paisley Grammar School, Castlehead High School, St Andrew's Academy, Paisley and Gleniffer High School. The oldest of these is Paisley Grammar which was founded in 1576 and was one of two former grammar schools in the town – alongside the former John Neilson Institution (latterly John Neilson High School) founded in 1852. Other former secondary schools in the area include Merksworth High School (to the north west of the town), St Mirin's Academy or High School (on the west side of the town), St Aelred's High School and Stanely Green High School (both on the south side of the town). Of the current secondary schools in the town, all are non-denominational save for St Andrew's Academy which is a Roman Catholic school.
Religion
Paisley is home to a number of religious denominations and is an important historical centre for the Christian faith in Scotland. The town's historic
Other Christian communities have a number of churches in Paisley, many of which were the result of the
Other smaller religious groups exist in the town. The
Media
Paisley has one local daily newspaper, the
Sport
St Mirren F.C. is Paisley's sole professional association football team. As of 2018, it plays in the Scottish Premiership.[112] In 2009, the team moved from their Love Street stadium to a new 8,029 capacity stadium, known formally as St Mirren Park, on Greenhill Road. The stadium was later renamed as The Paisley 2021 Stadium to mark the town's bid to be UK City of Culture in 2021.[113] St Mirren last won the Scottish Cup on 16 May 1987.[114] The club won the Scottish League Cup for the first time in its history on 17 March 2013.[115] Another professional football team, Abercorn F.C., was based in Paisley until its decline and liquidation in 1920.[116]
St Mirren Basketball Club was formed in 1997: they have won the National League title once, in 2000, and have won the Scottish Cup three times (1999, 2002 and 2012).[117][118]
Paisley RFC is an amateur rugby union club based at the Anchor Recreation Grounds in Paisley.[119]
Kelburne Hockey Club is a local club which was founded in 1969.[120]
Notable people
Historically, Paisley was notable as the religious home of the
Ronald Reagan's maternal great-great-grandparents, Claude Wilson and Margaret Downey, were married at Paisley High Church on 23 May 1807.[121]
Other notable people associated with Paisley include:
Arts and media
- John Amabile (interior designer)
- Claire Barclay (artist)
- Seán Batty (STV weatherman)
- John Bell (actor)
- Gerard Butler (actor)[122]
- John Byrne(artist and playwright)
- Tom Conti (actor)
- Kari Corbett (actress)
- Nick Currie(singer/songwriter, journalist)
- Whisky David (1947–2011) (musician and singer/songwriter) [123]
- Jim Dewar (musician and singer/songwriter
- Joe Egan (musician and songwriter)
- Anya Gallaccio (artist)
- Alexander Gardner (photographer)
- Alexander Goudie (artist)
- Fergus Hall (painter, illustrator, educator)
- William Hart (artist)
- Thomas Kibble Hervey (poet and critic)
- John Hutchison, (architect)
- Thomas S. Tait (architect)
- Kenny Ireland (director and actor)
- Vince Jones (Australian jazz singer, songwriter, and trumpet, flugelhorn and flumpet player)
- Graeme Kelling (1957–2004) (musician from pop group Deacon Blue)
- Patricia Leitch (children's author)
- Phyllis Logan (actor)[122]
- Paul McGillion (actor)
- Neve McIntosh (actress)
- Fulton Mackay (actor)
- Kenneth McKellar (tenor)
- James McMillan (author and historian)
- Ron McMillan (photojournalist and novelist)
- Denzil Meyrick (writer/businessman)
- Kelly Marie (singer)
- Steven Moffat (screenwriter)[122][124]
- Brendan Mullen (author/nightclub owner)
- Andrew Neil(journalist and television presenter)
- Hector Nicol (singer, comedian and actor)
- Paolo Nutini (singer/songwriter)[122]
- Alan Orr (actor/musician)
- Ebenezer Picken (poet and songwriter)
- Gerry Rafferty (musician and singer/songwriter)
- John Reid (impresario)
- Albert Rossi(musician/drummer)
- David Sneddon (singer/songwriter)
- Alexander Stoddart, Her Majesty's Sculptor in Ordinary in Scotland
- Robert Tannahill (1774–1810) (poet)
- Paul Telfer (actor)
- David Tennant (actor)[122]
- Tom Urie (actor/musician)
- Alexander Wilson (poet, ornithologist)
- Mark Rowley (actor)
Business
- David Eccles (businessman)
- John Glassford (tobacco lord)[125]
- Fred Goodwin, (banker)
- Tirath Khemlani, banker
- Andrew Millar (18th-century bookseller)
- Nora Senior (businesswoman)
- Trevor Sorbie (hairdresser)
Politics and religion
- George Adam (politician, current MSP for Paisley)
- Douglas Alexander (politician, ex Member of Parliament for Paisley and Renfrewshire South)
- Wendy Alexander (politician)
- H. H. Asquith (MP from 1920–4)
- John Barr, (member of the New Zealand Legislative Council)[126]
- Mhairi Black (politician, MP for Paisley and Renfrewshire South)
- Sir William Dunn, 1st Baronet, of Lakenheath (politician)
- Willie Gallacher (politician)
- Patrick Gilday (United Mine Workers official, USA)
- Ian Hamilton(lawyer and nationalist)
- Hugh Henry (politician)
- Patrick Hutchison (Presbyterian minister)
- Eleanor Laing (politician)
- James MacGregor (Free Church minister there, 1861-1868)
- Calgary, Canada)
- Ayr, Carrick and Cumnock)
- Robert II of Scotland (king)
- Andrew Sinclair (surgeon, botanist, public servant, and politician in New Zealand)[127]
- Liz Truss (politician, Prime Minister (2022))
Science and education
- Agnes Barr Auchencloss (medical officer)[128]
- Archibald Barr (scientific engineer)
- Robert Broom (palaeontologist)
- Iain Boyd (aerospace engineer)
- Ronald Ian Currie (oceanographer)
- James Goodfellow (Inventor; ATM and PIN)
- Jimmy Kinnon (founder of Narcotics Anonymous)
- David Stow (educationalist)
- James Finlay Weir Johnston (scientist and educationalist)
Sport
- NBA)
- Archie Scott Brown (racing driver)
- Jack Carlin (cyclist)
- Owen Coyle (footballer)
- Gordon Durie (footballer)
- Tom Forsyth (footballer)
- Paul Gallacher (footballer)
- Archie Gemmill (footballer)
- James Grady (footballer)
- Dale Greig (holder of the women's world record for the marathon in 1964)
- Majid Haq (Scottish international cricketer, all time leading Scottish wicket taker as of 2015)
- Omer Hussain (cricketer)
- Hamza Tahir (cricketer)
- Callum Hawkins (athlete)
- David Hay (footballer)
- Paul Lambert (footballer)
- Barry Lavety (Footballer)
- Jamie Langfield (footballer)
- Hugh Lorimer (footballer)
- Marc McAusland (footballer)
- Derek McInnes (footballer)
- Micky Mellon (footballer and Oldham Athletic manager)
- Campbell Money (footballer)
- Robbie Neilson (footballer)
- Brian O'Neil(footballer)
- Lee Peacock (footballer)
- Mark Ralph (Scottish international hockey player)
- Kay Lee Ray (professional wrestler)
- Bernie Slaven (footballer)
- Brian Smith (Olympic cyclist)
- Alasdair Strokosch (Scottish international rugby player)
- Angela Taylor (Great Britain international ice hockey player)
- Elaine Vassie (rugby coach)
Military
- John James Snodgrass (Battle of Waterloo)
- Samuel Evans VC (Crimean war hero)
- John Hannah VC (RAF sergeant)
- Arthur Henderson VC (army captain)
- Hugh McIver VC MM&Bar (Army private)
- James McKechnie VC (army sergeant)
- Archie McKellar (Battle of Britain ace)
International relations
Paisley is
References
Citations
- ^ "Mid-2020 Population Estimates for Settlements and Localities in Scotland". National Records of Scotland. 31 March 2022. Retrieved 31 March 2022.
- ^ "Paisley". Archived from the original on 24 July 2013. Retrieved 27 May 2013.
- ^ "Extracts from the records – 1588 | British History Online". British-history.ac.uk. 22 June 2003. Archived from the original on 12 June 2007. Retrieved 10 May 2007.
- ^ "Paisley | As described in F.H. Groome's Ordnance Gazetteer of Scotland (1882–4)". Visionofbritain.org.uk. Archived from the original on 19 October 2013. Retrieved 23 December 2011.
- ^ James, Alan (2019). The Brittonic Language in the Old North: Volume 2 (PDF). p. 25. Archived (PDF) from the original on 15 October 2019. Retrieved 27 June 2022.
- ^ Sturrock, J.R. (December 1906). "Vanduara, or Roman Paisley". The Antiquary. 2 (12): 458–460. Archived from the original on 25 September 2021. Retrieved 25 September 2021.
One of these (Roman) encampments was on Oakshawhill, which is the very heart of modern Paisley
- ^ "The Tomb of Marjory Bruce". The Urban Historian. 8 May 2020. Retrieved 24 October 2022.
- ^ Brown, Robert (1875). The history of the Paisley Grammar School, from its foundation in 1576; of the Paisley Grammar School and Academy and of the other town's schools. Alex Gardner.
- ^ Isabel Adam, Witch hunt: The Great Scottish Witchcraft Trials of 1697 (1978)
- ^ Pieraccini, Piero (2 June 2010). "Help Needed lucky Horseshoe missing". Paisley Development Trust. Archived from the original on 3 December 2013. Retrieved 2 December 2013.
- ^ Kimberly Chrisman Campbell, "Paisley Before the Shawl: The Scottish Silk Gauze Industry", Textile History (2002) 33#2 pp 162–176
- ^ Historic Environment Scotland. "Paisley, Anchor Thread Works, Domestic Finishing Mill (79683)". Canmore. Retrieved 21 January 2024.
- ^ Historic Environment Scotland. "Paisley, Atlantic And Pacific Mills (123665)". Canmore. Retrieved 21 January 2024.
- ^ Historic Environment Scotland. "Paisley, Anchor Thread Works, Mile End Mill (79684)". Canmore. Retrieved 21 January 2024.
- ^ Historic Environment Scotland. "Paisley, Underwood Road, Underwood Mill (43192)". Canmore. Retrieved 21 January 2024.
- ^ Historic Environment Scotland. "Paisley, Oakshaw, Former Thread Works (315470)". Canmore. Retrieved 21 January 2024.
- ^ Historic Environment Scotland. "Paisley, Burnside Thread Works (79565)". Canmore. Retrieved 21 January 2024.
- ^ a b "Renfrewshire Community Website – Textile industry". Renfrewshire.gov.uk. 11 September 2007. Archived from the original on 15 March 2011.
- ^ Andrews, Meg. "Beyond the Fringe: Shawls of Paisley Design". victoriana.com. Archived from the original on 16 February 2008. Retrieved 11 February 2010.
- ^ "Renfrewshire Community Website – Textiles". Renfrewshire.gov.uk. 5 May 2005. Archived from the original on 5 August 2012.
- ISBN 2-87660-000-5.
- ^ "Books on Kashmiri handicrafts". 21 May 2011.
- ^ https://studenttheses.universiteitleiden.nl/access/item:2701618/view
- S2CID 259112827.
- ^ "IRWIN, John – Persons of Indian Studies by Prof. Dr. Klaus Karttunen". 14 February 2017.
- ^ Irwin, John (1997). "Obituary: In 1955 John Irwin". INDEPENDENT. Archived from the original on 24 May 2022.
- ^ Irwin, John (1955). Shawls, a Study in Indo-European Influences. London.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - S2CID 144868279.
- ^ Hart, Joan (2016). "Kashmir Shawls: The Perfect Exemplar of a Textile Shaping and Being Shaped". Textile Society of America Symposium Proceedings.
- ^ ""LIKELY TO CONTINUE AS FASHIONABLE AS EVER": KASHMIRI SHAWLS, LUXURY, AND THE BRITISH EMPIRE | Shift". Archived from the original on 26 January 2022.
- Project MUSE 182707.
- S2CID 191988798.
- ^ From India to Europe: The Production of the Kashmir Shawl and the Spread of the Paisley Motif (PDF) (Report). August 2018.
- ^ a b Lévi-Strauss, Monique (1987). Cachemires. Paris: Adam Biro. p. 43.
- ^ Irwin, John (1973). The Kashmir Shawl. London.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ISBN 978-1-84033-435-7. Archivedfrom the original on 23 April 2014. Retrieved 16 January 2013.
- ^ "Paisley Online". paisleyonline.co.uk. 7 July 2012. Archived from the original on 19 March 2012. Retrieved 7 July 2012.
- ^ "Renfrewshire Community Website – Sma' Shot Day". Renfrewshire.gov.uk. Archived from the original on 17 August 2011.
- ^ Groome, Francis H. (1882). "Ordnance Gazetteer of Scotland: A Survey of Scottish Topography, Statistical, Biographical and Historical". Thomas C. Jack, Grange Publishing Works, Edinburgh. Archived from the original on 13 September 2011. Retrieved 31 August 2011.
- ProQuest 1293240555.
- ProQuest 1293150737.
- ^ Historic Environment Scotland. "Paisley, Cart Street, Engineering Works (171212)". Canmore. Retrieved 21 January 2024.
- ^ Historic Environment Scotland. "Paisley, 10 Lonend, Saucel Ironworks (178595)". Canmore. Retrieved 21 January 2024.
- ^ Historic Environment Scotland. "Paisley, Saucel Street, Saucel Distillery (43194)". Canmore. Retrieved 21 January 2024.
- ^ Historic Environment Scotland. "Paisley, Seedhill Road, Tannery (171213)". Canmore. Retrieved 21 January 2024.
- .
- JSTOR 25526106. Retrieved 22 January 2024.
- ^ "Basic Biographical Details – Harold Ogle Tarbolton". Archived from the original on 25 September 2020. Retrieved 6 December 2018.
- ^ Dictionary of Scottish Architects: Robert Lorimer
- .
- ^ "Tale of Buddies who perished in World War II". Paisley Daily Express. 19 January 2011. Archived from the original on 26 August 2022. Retrieved 2 May 2013.
- ^ "Paisley's contribution to the Second World War". Paisley Daily Express. 17 October 2011. Archived from the original on 26 August 2022. Retrieved 2 May 2013.
- ^ "Coats Viyella". Archiveshub.ac.uk. Archived from the original on 19 July 2012.
- ^ "Coats to leave threadbare presence. Sad reflections on a tetile giant which is slipping quietly away". Herald Scotland. 11 March 1993. Retrieved 24 October 2022.
- ^ "Fleming and Ferguson". Grace's Guide: The Best of British Engineering 1750-1960s. 29 January 2009. Retrieved 23 May 2011.
- ^ (McCarthy 1969, p. 98)
- ^ a b (Moisley & Thain 1962, p. 297)
- ^ (McCarthy 1969, p. 99)
- ^ (Clark 1988, p. 203)
- ^ "Starch in their eyes: Brown & Polson". Let's Look Again. 17 July 2016. Retrieved 24 October 2022.
- ^ "The day Sean Connery brought the Central Belt to a stand still with Paisley visit". Glasgow Live. 21 October 2022. Retrieved 21 January 2024.
- ISBN 978-1-870519-12-0. Archivedfrom the original on 26 August 2022. Retrieved 23 November 2020.
- Mackays Stores. Retrieved on 1 February 2012. "Mackays Stores Ltd Caledonia House Caledonia Street Paisley PA3 2JP"
- ^ "Paisley nostalgia: Palladium Cinema site is unrecognisable today". Daily Record. 17 January 2024. Retrieved 21 January 2024.
- ^ Historic Environment Scotland. "23 HIGH STREET, THE PAISLEY CENTRE (Category B Listed Building) (LB39014)". Retrieved 21 January 2024.
- ^ "Paisley launches bid to become UK City of Culture 2021". BBC News. 13 November 2015. Archived from the original on 29 November 2018. Retrieved 21 June 2018.
- ^ "Support pours in as Paisley becomes only Scottish place on UK City of Culture 2021 shortlist". Paisley 2021 Website. Archived from the original on 23 September 2017. Retrieved 23 July 2017.
- ^ "Paisley's 'journey will continue' despite culture bid disappointment". BBC News. 7 December 2017. Archived from the original on 29 November 2018. Retrieved 21 June 2018.
- ^ "Support from around Scotland after Paisley culture bid legacy steps get green light". Creative Scotland. 20 September 2018.
- ^ "Paisley Town Hall to reopen its doors after transformation". Glasgow Times. 20 September 2023.
- ^ "Opening date announced for Paisley's new £7m central library and learning hub on the High Street". OneRen. 5 September 2023.
- ^ "Major milestone as Paisley Museum's new entrance brings colour to site". Renfrewshire News. 3 October 2023.
- ^ "Paisley Townscape Heritage and Conservation Area Regeneration Scheme". Renfrewshire Council. Retrieved 9 January 2024.
- ^ "Community councils". Renfrewshire Council. Archived from the original on 22 October 2019. Retrieved 22 October 2019.
- ^ "Paisley Scottish Parliament constituency". BBC News. Archived from the original on 11 June 2019. Retrieved 22 October 2019.
- ^ "Paisley & Renfrewshire North Parliamentary constituency". BBC News. Archived from the original on 22 October 2019. Retrieved 22 October 2019.
- ^ "Paisley & Renfrewshire South Parliamentary constituency". BBC News. Archived from the original on 11 April 2019. Retrieved 22 October 2019.
- ^ "Renfrewshire and Inverclyde Division". Police Scotland. 2013. Archived from the original on 10 April 2013. Retrieved 21 May 2013.
- ^ "Renfrewshire Local Policing Plan, p.11 & Appendix B". Police Scotland. 2013. Archived from the original on 18 October 2015. Retrieved 21 May 2013.
- ^ "Argyll and Clyde Procurator Fiscal's Office". Inside Time. 30 November 2001. Retrieved 24 October 2022.
- Strathclyde Fire and Rescue. Archived from the originalon 11 September 2012. Retrieved 5 August 2011.
- ^ s.30, Environmental Protection Act 1990 as amended
- ^ "Electricity Distribution Network Operators". energylinx.co.uk. 2007. Archived from the original on 14 January 2008. Retrieved 5 February 2008.
- ^ "Historical perspective for Paisley". Scottish-places.info. Archived from the original on 13 September 2011. Retrieved 31 August 2011.
- ^ "John Neilson Institution". Paisley.org.uk. 13 August 2011. Retrieved 24 October 2022.
- ^ "St Matthew's Church". Paisley.org.uk. 26 January 2020. Retrieved 24 October 2022.
- ^ Historic Environment Scotland. "Dykebar Hospital (Category B Listed Building) (LB38961)". Retrieved 28 April 2019.
- ^ "Paisley 1981–2010 averages". Station, District and regional averages 1981–2010. Met Office. Archived from the original on 27 April 2014. Retrieved 4 November 2012.
- ^ "KNMI: Climate Extremes 1959–". KNMI. Archived from the original on 3 September 2014. Retrieved 31 October 2011.
- ^ "Statutory Information Archived 4 May 2009 at the Wayback Machine." Loganair. Retrieved 20 May 2009.
- ^ Stephen, Leslie, ed. (1887). . Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. 10. London: Smith, Elder & Co.
- ^ Historic Environment Scotland. "Paisley Sheriff Court and Justice of the Peace Court, excluding 3-storey extension to north, St James Street, Paisley (LB39103)". Retrieved 13 December 2022.
- ISBN 978-0-7073-0476-2. Archivedfrom the original on 26 August 2022. Retrieved 23 November 2020.
- ^ "History of Paisley". Paisley.org.uk. Archived from the original on 2 October 2006.
- ^ "Thomas Coats Memorial Church: Architecture". Fenet.co.uk. Archived from the original on 15 August 2006. Retrieved 22 October 2006.
- ^ "ArchitectureScotland.co.uk". Archived from the original on 27 September 2007. Retrieved 22 October 2006.
- ^ "The Prince's Regeneration Trust". Princes-regeneration.org. Archived from the original on 27 September 2007. Retrieved 22 October 2006.
- ^ "Sma' Shot Cottages, Paisley". Smashot.co.uk. Archived from the original on 8 October 2011.
- ^ "Paisley Online". Archived from the original on 19 November 2008. Retrieved 13 July 2008.
- ^ "Paisley, 76 High Street, Drill Hall". Canmore. Archived from the original on 9 August 2019. Retrieved 27 June 2017.
- ^ "Thomas Wilson | Chandos Records". Chandos Records. 2011. Retrieved 1 November 2022.
- ^ Andrew Mellor. "WILSON Symphonies Nos 3 & 4". Gramophone. Retrieved 1 November 2022.
- ^ Strathclyde Partnership for Transport (5 September 2007). "Who we are". spt.co.uk. Archived from the original on 12 December 2007. Retrieved 11 February 2008.
- ^ a b "Paisley and Barrhead District Railway". homepage.ntlworld.com. Archived from the original on 27 September 2007.
- ^ "Paisley and Renfrew Railway". homepage.ntlworld.com. Archived from the original on 11 October 2008.
- ^ "Saint Mirin – Our Patron Saint | Paisley Scotland". Paisley.org.uk. 13 August 2011. Archived from the original on 4 February 2012. Retrieved 2 September 2011.
- ^ a b "The Cradle of the Stewarts | Paisley Scotland". Paisley.org.uk. 13 August 2011. Archived from the original on 4 February 2012. Retrieved 2 September 2011.
- ^ "Contact Us « Holy Trinity & St Barnabas, Paisley". Episcopalpaisley.org.uk. Archived from the original on 31 March 2012. Retrieved 1 September 2011.
- ^ "Ayrshire & Renfrewshire Methodist Circuit Home page". Arc-methodists.org.uk. Archived from the original on 31 March 2012. Retrieved 1 September 2011.
- ^ 'Paisley Archived 21 September 2011 at the Wayback Machine' on searchforhope.org
- ^ "Local and Regional Media in the UK: Industry round table: Ofcom Scotland" (PDF). Ofcom. 10 November 2009. Archived (PDF) from the original on 11 August 2011. Retrieved 28 August 2011.
- ^ "St Mirren – Football". BBC Sport. Archived from the original on 26 September 2018. Retrieved 14 September 2018.
- ^ "Paisley 2021 stadium will boost town's culture bid". Paisley 2021 website. 30 November 2015. Archived from the original on 23 April 2016. Retrieved 12 April 2016.
- ^ "Scottish Football Association: The Scottish FA: Scotland". The Scottish FA. Archived from the original on 27 June 2008. Retrieved 27 June 2008.
- ^ "St. Mirren Scottish Communities League Cup Winners". UK Parliament. 18 March 2013. Retrieved 24 October 2022.
- ^ The Death of a Professional Paisley Football Club, Cairter's Corner. Retrieved 16 February 2022
- ^ "Basketball: St Mirren end wait". The Telegraph. 24 March 2002. Retrieved 24 October 2022.
- ^ "Saints, Rocks secure Scottish Cup". MVP. 5 February 2012. Retrieved 24 October 2022.
- ^ "Paisley Rugby Club inspire next generation of players at Anchor event". Daily Record. 2 March 2022. Retrieved 24 October 2022.
- ^ "50 years of Kelburne Hockey Club". Scottish Hockey. 23 January 2020. Retrieved 24 October 2022.
- ^ Simpson, Anne (6 June 2004). "He thought his roots were Irish and then we uncovered link with Paisley". Glasgow Herald.
Acting exclusively for this newspaper, then known as the Glasgow Herald, Hugh Peskett, director of research at Burke's Peerage, discovered the late president's maternal great-great-grandparents, Claude Wilson and Margaret Downey, had been married at Paisley High Church on May 23, 1807.
- ^ a b c d e "10 reasons why Paisley is already a city of culture". BBC. 13 November 2015. Archived from the original on 22 September 2017. Retrieved 21 June 2018.
- ^ Ediciones El País (5 May 2011). "David Waterston, 'Whisky David', músico bohemio". EL PAÍS. Archived from the original on 17 November 2015. Retrieved 29 October 2014.
- ^ Staff writer (5 January 1989). "Write first time". The Stage. p. 15.
- ^ "John Glassford from The Gazetteer for Scotland". www.scottish-places.info. Retrieved 14 January 2023.
- ^ "Hon John Barr". The Evening Post. Vol. CX, no. 137. 8 December 1930. p. 13. Archived from the original on 24 March 2014. Retrieved 19 July 2012.
- ^ Molloy, Brian P. J. "Sinclair, Andrew". Dictionary of New Zealand Biography. Ministry for Culture and Heritage. Retrieved 2 December 2010.
- ^ "University of Glasgow :: Story :: Biography of Medical Officer Agnes Barr Auchencloss". www.universitystory.gla.ac.uk. Archived from the original on 23 October 2021. Retrieved 26 October 2021.
Bibliography
- Clark, Sylvia (1988). Paisley: A History. Edinburgh: Mainstream. ISBN 1-85158-109-X.
- Dickson, A.; Speirs, W. (1980). "Changes in Class Structure in Paisley, 1750-1845". The Scottish Historical Review. 59 (167): 54–72. ProQuest 1293150737.
- Dickson, Tony; Clarke, Tony (1986). "Social Concern and Social Control in Nineteenth Century Scotland: Paisley 1841-1843". The Scottish Historical Review. 65 (179): 48–60. ProQuest 1293240555.
- Hunter, Jim (1976). "The Paisley Textile Industry, 1695–1830". Costume. 10 (1): 1–15. .
- McCarthy, Mary (1969). A Social Geography of Paisley. The Committee of Management, Paisley Public Library.
- MacDonald, Catriona M. M. The Radical Thread. Political Change in Scotland: Paisley Politics, 1885–1924 (2000)
- Moisley, H.A.; Thain, A.G. (1962). "Chapter 23: The Parish and Burgh of Paisley". The Third Statistical Account of Scotland: The County of Renfrew. Glasgow: William Collins Sons & Co.
- Peters, Lorraine (November 2001). "Paisley and the Cotton Famine of 1862–1863". Journal of Scottish Historical Studies. 21 (2): 121–139. .