Pak Kum-chol
Pak Kum-chol | |
|---|---|
 Pak in 1962 | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 1911 Kapsan County, Kankyōnan-dō (South Hamgyong Province), Korea, Empire of Japan |
| Died | May 1967 (age 55–56) |
| Cause of death | Unknown, possibly suicide or execution |
| Korean name | |
| Chosŏn'gŭl | 박금철 |
| Hancha | 朴金喆 |
| Revised Romanization | Pak Geum-cheol |
| McCune–Reischauer | Pak Kŭm-ch'ŏl |
Pak Kum-chol (
Early life
Pak Kum-chol was born in 1911 in
Kapsan Faction Incident
The Kapsan faction sought to replace
The Kapsan faction sought to name Pak the successor of Kim Il Sung.[9] As an initial move, they helped Kim Il Sung purge Kim Chang-nam (김창남), a prominent political theorist, but only to make room for Pak.[11] The faction members started exalting Pak's words as "teachings" equal to those of Kim Il Sung.[12] An album from 1964 had Pak Tal and Pak Kum-chol's photos printed next to that of Kim Il Sung. When Pak Kum-chol's wife Choe Chae-ryon died,[13] Kim To-man, who was the Director of the Propaganda and Agitation Department of the party, produced a work called An Act of Sincerity (일편단심) – described variously as either a film or a stage play – that portrayed her devotion to her husband.[9][14] Kim Il Sung disapproved of it and implied that it exhibited misplaced loyalty.[13] Kim To-man also had Pak's birthplace rebuilt.[9] An unauthorized biography on Pak was apparently made while dissemination of propaganda materials on Kim Il Sung was neglected.[15]
These actions were perceived of as ultimate acts of disloyalty toward Kim Il Sung.
See also
References
- ^ a b Lee 2001.
- ^ a b Hamm 2012, p. 143.
- ^ a b c Lim 2008, p. 38.
- ^ Lim 2008, p. 37.
- ^ Hoare 2012, p. 200.
- ^ Lim 2008, p. 38; Cha & Sohn 2012, p. 26.
- ^ Cha & Sohn 2012, p. 26.
- ^ a b Person 2013.
- ^ a b c d e Lim 2008, p. 39.
- ^ a b c Tertitskiy 2017, p. 84.
- ^ Myers 2015, p. 95.
- ^ Person 2013; Lim 2008, p. 39.
- ^ a b Ra 2019, p. 35.
- ^ Myers 2015, p. 95n52.
- ^ Lim 2008, p. 40.
- ^ Tertitskiy 2017, p. 83.
- ^ Review 1968, p. 32.
- ^ Person 2013; Ra 2019, p. 34; Lynn 2007, p. 100.
Works cited
- Cha, John H.; Sohn, K. J. (2012). Exit Emperor Kim Jong-Il: Notes from His Former Mentor. Bloomington: Abbott Press. ISBN 978-1-4582-0217-8.
- Hamm, Taik-Young (2012). Arming the Two Koreas: State, Capital and Military Power. London: Routledge. ISBN 978-1-134-62066-1.
- Hoare, James E. (2012). "Kapsan Faction". Historical Dictionary of Democratic People's Republic of Korea. Lanham: Scarecrow Press. pp. 200–201. ISBN 978-0-8108-7987-4.
- Lee Jong-seok [이종석] (2001). 박금철(朴金喆) [Pak Kum-chol]. 한국민족문화대백과사전 [Encyclopedia of Korean Culture] (in Korean). Retrieved 3 October 2019.
- Lim Jae-Cheon (2008). Kim Jong-il's Leadership of North Korea. New York: Routledge. ISBN 978-1-134-01712-6.
- Lynn, Hyung Gu (2007). Bipolar Orders: The Two Koreas since 1989. London: Zed Books. ISBN 978-1-84277-743-5.
- Myers, B. R. (2015). North Korea's Juche Myth. Busan: Sthele Press. ISBN 978-1-5087-9993-1.
- Person, James F. (14 December 2013). "The 1967 Purge of the Gapsan Faction and Establishment of the Monolithic Ideological System". North Korea International Documentation Project. Wilson Center. Retrieved 11 October 2018.
- Ra Jong-yil (2019). Inside North Korea's Theocracy: The Rise and Sudden Fall of Jang Song-thaek. Translated by Jinna Park. Albany: State University of New York Press. ISBN 978-1-4384-7373-4.
- "Review: A Quarterly Journal for the Study of Communism and Communist Countries [Issues 16–27]". Review: A Quarterly Journal for the Study of Communism and Communist Countries (16–27). 1968. ISSN 0047-1747.
- Tertitskiy, Fyodor (2017). "1967: Transition to Absolute Autocracy in North Korea". In Cathcart, Adam; Winstanley-Chesters, Robert; Green, Christopher K. (eds.). Change and Continuity in North Korean Politics. New York: Routledge. pp. 82–94. ISBN 978-1-138-68168-2.