Pakenham line
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Victoria, Australia | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Predecessor |
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First service | 8 October 1877 | as South Gippsland line|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Current operator(s) | Metro Trains | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Former operator(s) |
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Termini | Orbost | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Technical | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Rolling stock | HCMT | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Track gauge | 1,600 mm (5 ft 3 in) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Electrification | 1500 V DC overhead | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Track owner(s) | VicTrack | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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The Pakenham line is a
Sections of the Pakenham line opened as early as 1859, with the line fully extended to Pakenham in October 1877. A limited number of stations were first opened, with infill stations progressively opened between 1879 and 2012.[5] The line was built to connect Melbourne with the rural towns of Caulfield, Oakleigh, and Dandenong, amongst others. Significant growth has occurred since opening, with a plan to extend the Pakenham line one stop east to a new station in Pakenham East as part of the Level Crossing Removal Project.[6] This extension is planned to open in 2024.[6]
Since the 2010s, due to the heavily utilised infrastructure of the Pakenham line, significant improvements and upgrades have been made. A $15 billion upgrade of the corridor included the replacement of sleepers, the introduction of new signalling technology, the introduction of new rolling stock, the removal of all level crossings, and works associated with the Metro Tunnel project. These projects have improved the quality and safety of the line[7] and will be completed by the opening of the Metro Tunnel in 2025.[8]
History
19th century
In 1877, the Pakenham line began operations from
In 1885, a number of level crossing removal works occurred between Flinders Street station and South Yarra due to an increase in freight and passenger operations.[12] These crossings were removed through a combination of lowering and raising the corridor.[12]
20th century
In 1915, the line between South Yarra and Caulfield was quadrupled, as part of level crossing removal works. This section of the line was lowered into a cutting to eliminate numerous level crossings.[12] Power signalling was provided between Richmond and Hawksburn at the same time, then on to Caulfield in 1921.[13]
Power signalling was extended to Carnegie in 1933, Oakleigh in 1940, and to Dandenong in stages between 1970 and 1972.[13]
The line between Dandenong, Pakenham and
In 1981, Pakenham line services commenced operations through the City Loop, after previously terminating at Flinders or Spencer Street stations.[19] The commencement of operations involved the service stopping at three new stations—Parliament, Melbourne Central (formally Museum), and Flagstaff.[20] The Loop follows La Trobe and Spring Streets along the northern and eastern edges of the Hoddle Grid.[21] The Loop connects with Melbourne's two busiest stations, Flinders Street and Southern Cross, via the elevated Flinders Street Viaduct.[21] From 2025, the Pakenham line will no longer operate through the City Loop, instead operating via the north-south Metro Tunnel corridor.[8]
21st century
In 2002, after the closure of the nearby General Motors factory in 1991, General Motors station closed permanently after 46 years of operation.[22] A 2007 restructure of train ticketing in Melbourne involved the removal of Zone 3, with Zone 3 stations being re-classified to Zone 2.[23] This brought the cost of train fares down, improving system accessibility to the public.
The Pakenham line received heavy investment during the 2010s to align with the 2013 PTV Development Plan. A new station at Cardinia Road opened in 2012 situated between Officer and Pakenham stations.[9] This is the first infill station to open on the line since 1927, with an additional station at Pakenham East expected to open in 2024 in conjunction with level crossing removal works.[24] In 2018, the Pakenham East Depot opened for the newly acquired High Capacity Metro Trains. This depot has stabling capacity for 30 seven-car trains with train maintenance, driver training, and washing facilities present onsite.[25]
Route
Pakenham line | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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The Pakenham line forms a relatively linear route from the
The line follows the same alignment as the Cranbourne line with the two services splitting onto different routes at
Stations
The line serves 27 stations across 57 kilometres (35 mi) of track. The stations are a mix of elevated, lowered, underground, and ground level designs. Underground stations are present only in the City Loop, with the majority of elevated and lowered stations being constructed as part of level crossing removals.[32][33] From 2025, services will cease to stop at Flinders Street, Southern Cross, Flagstaff, Melbourne Central, Parliament, Richmond, and South Yarra stations due to the opening of the Metro Tunnel. Also from 2025, Narre Warren and Pakenham stations will be elevated as part of level crossing removal works. Once the Metro Tunnel has been constructed, the Pakenham (and Cranbourne line) Line will be routed through to Sunbury.
Station | Image | Accessibility | Opened | Terrain | Train connections | Other connections |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Flinders Street | Yes—step free access | 1854[34] | Lowered |
16 connections
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Southern Cross | 1859[34] | Ground level | 27 connections
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Flagstaff | 1985[34] | Underground |
10 connections
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Melbourne Central | 1981[34] | |||||
Parliament | 1983[34] | |||||
Richmond | No—steep ramp | 1859[34] | Elevated |
8 connections
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South Yarra | 1860[34] | Lowered |
3 connections
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Malvern | 1879[34] |
2 connections
| ||||
Caulfield | Ground level |
3 connections
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Carnegie | Yes—step free access | Elevated |
1 connection
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Murrumbeena | ||||||
Hughesdale | 1925[34] | |||||
Oakleigh | 1877[34] | Ground level | ||||
Huntingdale | No—steep ramp | 1927[34] | ||||
Clayton | Yes—step free access | 1880[34] | Elevated |
2 connections
| ||
Westall | 1951[34] | Ground level |
1 connection
| |||
Springvale | 1880[34] | Lowered | ||||
Sandown Park | No—steep ramp | 1888[35] | Ground level | |||
Noble Park | Yes—step free access | 1913[34] | Elevated | |||
Yarraman | No—steep ramp | 1976[34] | Ground level | |||
Dandenong | 1877[34] |
2 connections
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||||
Hallam | Yes—step free access | 1880[34] | Elevated | |||
Narre Warren | 1882[34] | Ground level | ||||
Berwick | 1877[34] |
1 connection | ||||
Beaconsfield | No—steep ramp | 1879[34] | ||||
Officer | Yes—step free access | 1881[34] | ||||
Cardinia Road | 2012[34] | |||||
Pakenham | 1877[34] |
1 connection |
Station | Opened[35] | Closed[35] | Age | Notes[8] |
---|---|---|---|---|
Flinders Street | 12 September 1854 | 169 years |
| |
Southern Cross | 17 January 1859 | 165 years |
| |
Flagstaff | 27 May 1985 | 38 years |
| |
Melbourne Central | 26 January 1981 | 43 years |
| |
Parliament | 22 January 1983 | 41 years |
| |
Princes Bridge | 8 February 1859 | 1 October 1866 | 7 years | |
2 April 1879 | 30 June 1980 | 101 years | ||
Botanic Gardens | 2 March 1859 | c. April 1862 | Approx. 3 years | |
Punt Road | 8 February 1859 | 12 December 1859 | 10 months |
|
Richmond | 12 December 1859 | 164 years |
| |
Cremorne | 12 December 1859 | c. 28 December 1863 | Approx. 4 years | |
South Yarra | 22 December 1860 | 163 years |
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Hawksburn | 7 May 1889 | 134 years |
| |
Toorak | 7 May 1879 | 144 years |
| |
Armadale | 7 May 1879 | 144 years |
| |
Malvern | 7 May 1879 | 144 years | ||
Caulfield | 7 May 1879 | 144 years | ||
Carnegie | 14 May 1879 | 144 years |
| |
Murrumbeena | 14 May 1879 | 144 years | ||
Hughesdale | 28 February 1925 | 99 years | ||
Oakleigh | 8 October 1877 | 146 years | ||
Huntingdale | 25 June 1927 | 96 years |
| |
Clayton | 6 January 1880 | 144 years |
| |
Westall | 6 February 1951 | 73 years | ||
APEX Siding (Westall) | ? | – |
| |
Springvale | 1 September 1880 | 143 years |
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Sandown Park | c. December 1888 | 15 May 1955 | Approx. 66 years |
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19 June 1965 | 58 years | |||
Noble Park | 3 February 1913 | 111 years | ||
Yarraman | 21 December 1976 | 47 years | ||
Dandenong | 8 October 1877 | 146 years | ||
General Motors | 1 October 1956 | 28 July 2002 | 45 years | |
Hallam | 1 December 1880 | 143 years |
| |
Narre Warren | 10 March 1882 | 142 years | ||
Berwick | 8 October 1877 | 146 years | ||
Beaconsfield | 1 December 1879 | 144 years | ||
Hargraves Siding | ? | ? | ||
Officer | 4 August 1881 | 142 years |
| |
Cardinia Road | 22 April 2012 | 12 years | ||
Pakenham | 8 October 1877 | 146 years | ||
East Pakenham | TBA |
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Planned stations
Station | Accessibility | Expected opening | Terrain | Planned train connections | Other planned connections | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
East Pakenham | 2024 | Ground level | Opening as part of the Pakenham line extension in 2024[6] | |||
Arden | Yes - Step Free Access | 2025 | Underground |
2 connections
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Opening as part of the Metro tunnel project in 2025[8] | |
Parkville | ||||||
State Library | ||||||
Town Hall | ||||||
Anzac |
Services
Services on the Pakenham line operates from approximately 4:00 am to around 11:30 daily.
Train services on the Pakenham line are also subjected to maintenance and renewal works, usually on selected Fridays and Saturdays. Shuttle bus services are provided throughout the duration of works for affected commuters.[39]
Stopping patterns
Legend — Station status
- ◼ Premium Station– Station staffed from first to last train
- ◻ Host Station– Usually staffed during morning peak, however this can vary for different stations on the network.
Legend — Stopping patterns
Some services do not operate via the City Loop
- ● – All trains stop
- ◐ – Some services do not stop
- ▲ – Only inbound trains stop (trains operate counter-clockwise through the city loop all day)
- ▼ – Only outbound trains stop
- | – Trains pass and do not stop
Pakenham Services[40] | ||||||||
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Station | Zone | Local | Ltd Express | Westall | Dandenong | Morning Shuttle | Weekday Shuttle | |
◼ Flinders Street | 1 | ● | ● | ● | ● | |||
◼ Southern Cross | ▲ | ▲ | ▲ | ▲ | ||||
◼ Flagstaff | ▲ | ▲ | ▲ | ▲ | ||||
◼ Melbourne Central | ▲ | ▲ | ▲ | ▲ | ||||
◼ Parliament | ▲ | ▲ | ▲ | ▲ | ||||
◼ Richmond | ● | ● | ● | ● | ||||
◼ South Yarra | ● | ● | ● | ● | ||||
◻ Malvern | ◐ | | | | | | | ||||
◼ Caulfield | ● | ● | ● | ● | ||||
◼ Carnegie | ● | ● | ● | ● | ||||
◼ Murrumbeena | ● | ● | ● | ● | ||||
◻ Hughesdale | 1/2 | ● | ● | ● | ● | |||
◼ Oakleigh | ● | ● | ● | ● | ||||
◻ Huntingdale | ● | ● | ● | ● | ||||
◼ Clayton | 2 | ● | ● | ● | ● | |||
◼ Westall | ● | | | ● | ● | ||||
◼ Springvale | ● | ● | ● | ▼ | ||||
Sandown Park | ● | ● | ● | ▼ | ||||
◼ Noble Park | ● | ● | ● | ▼ | ||||
Yarraman | ● | | | ● | ▼ | ||||
◼ Dandenong | ● | ● | ● | ▼ | ● | |||
Hallam | ● | ● | ▼ | ● | ||||
◼ Narre Warren | ● | ● | ▼ | ● | ||||
◼ Berwick | ● | ● | ▼ | ● | ||||
Beaconsfield | ● | ● | ▼ | ● | ||||
Officer | ● | ● | ▼ | ● | ||||
Cardinia Road | ● | ● | ▼ | ● | ||||
◼ Pakenham | ● | ● | ▼ | ● | ||||
East Pakenham | (under construction) |
Operators
The Pakenham line has had a total of 7 operators since its opening in 1877. The majority of operations throughout its history have been government run: from its first service in 1877 until the 1999 privatisation of Melbourne's rail network, four different government operators have run the line.[41] These operators, Victorian Railways, the Metropolitan Transit Authority, the Public Transport Corporation and Bayside Trains have a combined operational length of 122 years.
Bayside Trains was privatised in August 1999 and later rebranded M>Train. In 2002, M>Train was placed into receivership and the state government regained ownership of the line, with KPMG appointed as receivers to operate M>Train on behalf of the state government.[42][43][44] Two years later, rival train operator Connex Melbourne took over the M>Train operations including the Pakenham line. Metro Trains Melbourne, the current private operator, then took over the operations in 2009. The private operators have had a combined operational period of 24 years.[45]
Operator | Assumed operations | Ceased operations | Length of operations |
---|---|---|---|
Victorian Railways | 1877 | 1983 | 106 years |
Metropolitan Transit Authority | 1983 | 1989 | 6 years |
Public Transport Corporation | 1989 | 1998 | 9 years |
Bayside Trains (government operator)
|
1998 | 1999 | 1 years |
M>Train | 1999 | 2004 | 5 years |
Connex Melbourne | 2004 | 2009 | 5 years |
Metro Trains Melbourne | 2009 | incumbent | 14 years (ongoing) |
Infrastructure
Rolling stock
The Pakenham line uses a fleet of electric multiple unit (EMU) High Capacity Metro Trains operating in a seven-car configuration, with three doors per side on each carriage and can accommodate of up to 1,380 passengers in each train-set. Shared with the Cranbourne, Sunbury, and Airport lines, the rolling stock will consist of 70 High Capacity Metro Trains (HCMT), once fully delivered.[46] They are built in Changchun, China, with final assembly occurring in Newport, Melbourne, by Evolution Rail, a consortium composed of CRRC Changchun Railway Vehicles, Downer Rail and Plenary Group.[47]
Previously, the Pakenham line was served by a fleet of Comeng and Siemens Nexas trains. The oldest Comeng trains (stage 1 and some stage 2) have been retired and scrapped as part of the HCMT introduction, however, some of these trains have been displaced onto other Melbourne metropolitan lines.[48] In comparison, the Siemens Nexas trains have not been retired, instead being moved onto other lines to replace older Comeng sets. Since the end of 2022, the Pakenham line is almost exclusively operated by High Capacity Metro Trains.[49]
Alongside the passenger trains, Pakenham line tracks and equipment are maintained by a fleet of engineering trains. The four types of engineering trains are: the shunting train; designed for moving trains along non-electrified corridors and for transporting other maintenance locomotives, for track evaluation; designed for evaluating track and its condition, the overhead inspection train; designed for overhead wiring inspection, and the infrastructure evaluation carriage designed for general infrastructure evaluation.[50] Most of these trains are repurposed locomotives previously used by V/Line, Metro Trains, and the Southern Shorthaul Railroad.[50]
Depot
This section needs expansion with: information about the different types of depots (driver, maintenance, and stabling) if the article could qualify for FA status. You can help by adding to it. (May 2023) |
Rolling stock on the Pakenham line is primarily served by the Pakenham East Depot located in the outer suburb of Pakenham East. This depot was built in 2018 to exclusively house and maintain 30 brand new High Capacity Metro Trains while they are out of service.[51] Built by evolution rail the 118 hectares (290 acres) depot consists of a stabbling yard and an advanced driver training simulator.[52][53]
The depot is one of the most sustainable train maintenance regimes in Australia with:[53]
- Energy savings of 23%
- Water savings of 46%
- 77% of water recycled
- 13% enchanment of biodiversity
- 115,000 kilograms (254,000 lb) of carbon saved every year
Signalling
Since the mid to late 20th century, the Pakenham line has used a
The upgrading works were completed in phases from 2021. With the upgraded signalling system, trains are now able to run closer to each other. The new system was tested on the
Stations facilities
Customer service
All premium railway stations on the Pakenham line have customer service centres that are open from the first to the last service.[58] Host stations on the line also have customer service centres, however these are only staffed for a few hours during the morning peak.[59]
At the service centres, passengers can:[58]
- Buy tickets (Myki)
- Pick up timetables
- Collect change for vending machines and payphones
Accessibility
In compliance with the Disability Discrimination Act of 1992, all stations that are new-built or rebuilt are fully accessible and comply with these guidelines.[60] The majority of stations on the corridor are fully accessible, however, there are some stations that haven't been upgraded to meet these guidelines.[61] These stations do feature ramps, however, they have a gradient greater than 1 in 14.[61] Stations that are fully accessible feature ramps that have a gradient less than 1 in 14, have at-grade paths, or feature lifts.[61] These stations typically also feature tactile boarding indicators, independent boarding ramps, wheelchair accessible myki barriers, hearing loops, and widened paths.[61][62]
Projects improving station accessibility have included the Level Crossing Removal Project that involves station rebuilds and upgrades, individual station upgrade projects, and associated Metro Tunnel works.[63][64] These works have made significant strides in improving network accessibility, with more than 60% of Pakenham line stations classed as fully accessible. This number is expected to grow within the coming years, as a network restructure associated with the opening of the Metro Tunnel is completed and level crossing removal works are completed on the corridor by 2025.[65]
Passenger information displays
Most stations on the Pakenham line are equipped with Passenger information displays which provide real time departure information. These displays are owned by Public Transport Victoria and are managed by Metro Trains Melbourne.[66] With the exception of the five central stations, most stations on the network are equipped with 2 line LED displays. However, since 2016 these are being replaced by flat screen displays that additionally show every station the train will serve.[67]
Future
Metro Tunnel
The
Melbourne Airport rail
The Melbourne Airport rail link will involve the construction of a 27-kilometre (17 mi) line from Sunshine to a new station at Melbourne Airport. Connected via the Metro Tunnel, services will operate from the Cranbourne and Pakenham lines through the tunnel before splitting off at Sunshine to either Sunbury or Melbourne Airport. Construction of the line will involve the renovation of Sunshine station to allow for additional platforms, construction of new track, and the addition of two new stations at Keilor East and Melbourne Airport.[69] Construction started in 2022 with services expected to begin in 2029.[70]
Pakenham East line extension
Announced in 2021, the Pakenham line will be extended one stop east to
Level crossing removals
The
References
- ^ "Pakenham Line". Public Transport Victoria. Archived from the original on 7 September 2018. Retrieved 9 December 2022.
- ^ "Metro's paper timetables mess". Daniel Bowen. 3 September 2017. Archived from the original on 9 December 2022. Retrieved 9 December 2022.
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External links
- Pakenham line timetable
- Network map
- Media related to Pakenham railway line at Wikimedia Commons