Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission

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Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission
ماموریہ جوہری توانائی پاکستان
Agency overview
Formed1956; 68 years ago (1956)
Superseding agency
JurisdictionGovernment of Pakistan
HeadquartersIslamabad, Pakistan
Employees120,000–130,000[1]
Annual budgetClassified
Agency executive
  • Dr. Raja Ali Raza Anwar
Websitehttp://www.paec.gov.pk/

Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission (PAEC) (Urdu: ماموریہ جوہری توانائی پاکستان) is a federally funded independent governmental agency, concerned with research and development of nuclear power, promotion of nuclear science, energy conservation and the peaceful usage of nuclear technology.[2][3]

Since its establishment in 1956, the PAEC has overseen the extensive development of nuclear infrastructure to support the economical uplift of Pakistan by founding institutions that focus on development on food irradiation and on nuclear medicine radiation therapy for cancer treatment.[4][5] The PAEC organizes conferences and directs research at the country's leading universities.[6] Since the 1960s, the PAEC is also a scientific research partner and sponsor of the

high-energy physics.[7] PAEC scientists regularly pay visits to CERN while taking part in projects led by CERN.[8]

Until 2001, the PAEC was the civilian federal oversight agency that manifested the control of

nuclear weapons, and their testing. These functions were eventually taken over by the Nuclear Regulatory Authority (NRA), and the National Command Authority under the Prime Minister of Pakistan.[9]

Overview

Early history

Main articles: Pakistan and weapons of mass destruction, Project-706, Chagai-I, and Chagai-II
Chaghi Monument at Faizabad in Islamabad

Following the

turbulent nature of its emergence critically influenced the scientific development of Pakistan.[10]

The establishment of the

open pool reactor from the United States.[13]

In 1958, PAEC Chairman Nazir Ahmad proposed to the

Economic Coordination Committee, and Edward Durell Stone was commissioned to oversee the architectural design of PINSTECH.[12] From 1965–71, the PAEC sent 600 scientists abroad for training in nuclear sciences.[12] in 1969, the United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority, agreed to supply a small scale nuclear reprocessing plant, with the capacity to extract 360 grams of plutonium per year.[12] In 1973, the PAEC announced the discovery of large uranium deposits in Punjab.[12]

After India's decisive victory in the

Kirana-I.[17]

Following nuclear tests by India earlier in the month, on 28 May 1998, PAEC led the final preparations and conducted Pakistan's first

National Command Authority and the Pakistan Nuclear Regulatory Authority.[18]

Research and education

Main articles:
Pakistan Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology; Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology; and Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Oncology and Radiotherapy

Since its establishment in 1956, the PAEC has provided a conspicuous example of the benefits of

King Edward Medical University, Lahore.[21] Physicians and medical researchers were provided with facilities for cancer diagnosis and treatment by the PAEC's funding.[21]

In 1960, the PAEC established its regional atomic research centre in Lahore, and a metallurgy centre in Karachi in 1963.[22] Another energy centre was located in Dhaka where many scientists were educated.[22] In 1967, the PAEC founded the Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences which became one of the primary technical universities of the country. Many of the PAEC's scientists and engineers served in its faculty.[22] The PAEC supports its university-level physics program at the Government College University, Lahore where it awards fellowships to the students. The PAEC continues to promotes its program as "peaceful uses of atomic energy commenced for the benefit the scientific community as well as public."[23]

About its promotion of education, senior scientist,

International Nathiagali Summer College on Physics and Contemporary Needs conference each year where scientists from all over the world are delegated to the country.[26] The Summer College disseminates the knowledge of advancements in physics, chemistry, biology, astronomy, mathematics, computer science, logic, and philosophy.[26]

As the emphasis shifted towards concerns for national security interests, the PAEC's important projects were also initiated in this area.[18] Many notable scientists with international prestige have worked and affiliated with the PAEC.[18]

PAEC also provided useful services in Pakistan like free religious and science education for more than 2000 poor children, Empowering Pakistani women by giving them basic education especially in suburbs by Hunarga [vocational training centers].PAEC has also established centers of retired employ welfare [CREW] in Lahore, Islamabad and Karachi facilitate problem solving and meetings.

Studies on expansion of nuclear power

Main article: Nuclear power in Pakistan

PAEC is held responsible for design preparation and proper operational function of Pakistan's

Megawatts by 2030.[27]

Under this policy, the

CHASHNUPP power plants are expanding and under construction as of 2013.[28]

Constituent institutions

PAEC partnership with CERN

Pakistan has a long history of participating in experiments and research undertakings with

antiprotons in the 1960s.[30] Some theoretical physicists from Pakistan had the opportunity to work at CERN through short visits.[29] During the 1980s, some of the experimental physicists from Pakistan, specialising in the technique of Solid State Nuclear Track Detectors (SSNTD), also benefited from CERN by exposing the stacks in the beam at the Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS).[29]

In 2005, CERN awarded PAEC with the ATLAS Supplier Award in 2005, in connection with manufacturing and fabrication of various equipment for CERN.[31]

On 27 June 2011, PAEC and CERN reached an agreement for extending the technical cooperation with CERN's upcoming programmes.

science in Pakistan, and the importance of Germany's strategic alliance with Pakistan.[citation needed] The agreement was signed in order to extend an earlier agreement, which came into operation in 2003 between CERN and Pakistan for the supply of manufactured equipment for the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN, along with placement of scientists and engineers from Pakistan to assist in the scientific programme at CERN.[31]

With the efforts led by the PAEC, CERN made Pakistan an associate member, on 22 June 2014— the first Asian country and the second Muslim country after Turkey.[32]

PAEC contribution to Compact Muon Solenoid

In 1997 PAEC chairman

Ishfaq Ahmad reached out to CERN to sign a contract between them after elaborate discussions an in-kind contribution worth one million Swiss francs for the construction of eight magnet supports for the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) detector.[30]

For the CMS, the PAEC built magnetic feet and installed 320 Resistive Plate Chambers (RPC), as well as contributing to CMS computing. Several other mechanical components for ATLAS and for the LHC were also built by the PAEC.

Pakistan Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology (PINSTECH) with CERN's direct cooperation in the area of radioprotection.[33]

PAEC support to Large Hadron Collider

PAEC took participation in the development of Large Hadron Collider.

In 2000, CERN signed another agreement which doubled the Pakistani contribution from one to two million Swiss francs. And with this new agreement Pakistan started construction of the resistive plate chambers required for the CMS muon system. While more recently, a protocol has been signed enhancing Pakistan's total contribution to the LHC programme to $10 million. Pakistan with all these efforts is already hoping to become an observer state at CERN.[29][30] In 2006 PAEC and CERN agreed on expanded cooperation, including contributions by PAEC valued at 5 million Swiss francs.[34]

World's largest particle accelerator at CERN

The PAEC, partnered with Pakistan's leading universities, sent a large team of scientists and engineers to CERN to participate in the Large Hadron Collider on 10 September 2008.[35] According to the news sources, the team of Pakistani scientists were keenly involved in the development of the Large Hadron Collider— the world's largest and highest-energy particle accelerator.[35]

The data of the experiment was available for the Pakistani scientists who would examine the data and results would be accumulated afterwards by them.[36]

PAEC chairs

Chairmen of the Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission (PAEC)
Order Individual authority Term start Termination Alma mater
1 Nazir Ahmed 11 March 1956 21 May 1960 University of Cambridge
Aligarh Muslim University
2 Ishrat Hussain Usmani 15 July 1960 10 January 1972 Imperial College London
Aligarh Muslim University
3 Munir Ahmad Khan 20 January 1972 19 March 1991 North Carolina State University
University of the Punjab
4 Ishfaq Ahmad Khan 7 April 1991 6 April 2001 Université de Montréal
University of the Punjab
5 Parvez Butt 29 December 2001 5 April 2006 University of Toronto
University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore
6
Anwar Ali
 1 May 2006 31 March 2009 University of Manchester
Government College University, Lahore
7 Ansar Pervaiz 7 April 2009 5 April 2015 Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
Quaid-i-Azam University
8 Muhammad Naeem 6 April 2015 5 April 2022 Government College University, Lahore
9 Raja Ali Raza Anwer 6 April 2022 Present University of Manchester

Awards

On June 26, 2021, 4 scientists of the PAEC were awarded the Team Achievement Award and another scientist was awarded the Young Scientist Award for work in plant mutation breeding and related technologies.[37] These awards were bestowed in recognition of Pakistan's advancements in the application of nuclear technology for achieving the U.N. Sustainable Development Goals.[38] The awards were jointly awarded by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) and the U.N.'s Food and Agriculture Organization.[39]

Corporate management

The PAEC is chaired by the person appointed by the Government of Pakistan as the governmental notification is released.[40] The PAEC's corporate management is organized by the Government of Pakistan who awarded contracts to the potential candidates.[40] Its full-time members consist of the appointed Chair; a finance member; and two technical members.[40] Its part-time members are composed of the senior scientists and a chief scientific adviser to the government.[40]

The PAEC's corporate team are constitutionally bound to meet not less than four times every year for the execution of development projects involving

Prime Minister's Secretariat for its policy making and confirmation issues.[42]

Corporate management
Individual figures and authority Official designation Term mandate
Dr. Raja Ali Raza Anwer Chairman, Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission Chairman
Mr. Muhammad Arshad Member, PAEC Member (Technical)
Mr. Arshad Ali Farooqi Member, PAEC Member (Fuel Cycle)
Mr. Saeed Ur Rehman Member, PAEC Member (Power)
Mr. Khalid Bin Sagheer Member, PAEC Member (System)
Mr. Shehzad Hasan Finance Secretary, Ministry of Finance (Pakistan) Member (Finance)
Dr. Masood Iqbal Member, PAEC Member (Science)
Mr. Abrar Ali Member, PAEC Member (Engineering)
Maj. Gen. (R) Mushtaq Ahmed Faisal Member, PAEC Member (Administration)
Mr. Syed Farman Hussain Member, PAEC Member (Material)

Corporate spin-off

Since 1990, the PAEC has spun off multiple companies, some being partial subsidiaries or where PAEC had minority interests in past.

See also

References

  1. ^ Rodriguez, Alex (29 November 2010). "Cables reveal doubts about Pakistani nuclear security". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on 18 May 2012.
  2. ^ Tahir, Abdul Ghaffar. "IAEA presentation on nuclear power by PAEC" (PDF). IAEA publications, PAEC direct. Retrieved 4 November 2014.
  3. ^ ASO. "Nuclear Power in Pakistan". Australian Safeguards Office. Retrieved 4 November 2014.
  4. ^ "Biomedical engineering at PAEC". PAEC Medical Division. Retrieved 4 November 2014.
  5. ^ "Agriculture and Biotechnology". PAEC BIO Division. Retrieved 4 November 2014.
  6. ^ "PAEC and Summer College on Physics". International Nathiagali Summer College. Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission.
  7. ^ Ahmad, DSc, Ishfaq (5 October 2003). "CERN and Pakistan: a personal perspective". Switzerland: CERN Courier. Retrieved 4 November 2014.
  8. ^ Editorial (30 September 2014). "Pakistan and CERN". Express Tribune, 2014. Express Tribune. Retrieved 4 November 2014.
  9. ^ ISPR release (5 September 2013). "National Command Authority". Director-General of the Inter-Services Public Relations (ISPR). Retrieved 4 November 2014.
  10. ^
    ISBN 978-1134132546
    . Retrieved 5 November 2014.
  11. ISBN 0709931018
    . Retrieved 5 November 2014.
  12. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o "NTI archives: 1953-71" (PDF). United States.: Nuclear Threat Initiatives (NTI). p. 234. Retrieved 5 November 2014.
  13. ^
    Ryerson University
    . Dr. Aqeel Khan of the Ryerson University and the Ryerson University Press. Retrieved 15 August 2011.
  14. ^ FAS. "Multan heavy water reactor". Federation of Atomic Scientists. Retrieved 5 November 2014.
  15. ISBN 978-1782067412
    . Retrieved 6 November 2014.
  16. ISBN 8170622972
    .
  17. ^
    ISBN 9789698500009
    .
  18. ^
    ISBN 978-0804784801. Retrieved 6 November 2014.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location (link
    )
  19. ISBN 978-9231041327
    .
  20. ISBN 978-1412848947
    . Retrieved 7 November 2014.
  21. ^
    ISSN 0029-5698. Archived from the original
    (PDF) on 22 February 2014. Retrieved 7 November 2014.
  22. ^
    ISBN 978-1-84376-780-0
    . Retrieved 7 November 2014.
  23. ISBN 978-1481676984
    . Retrieved 7 November 2014.
  24. ^ "Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission". SCIENCE, Pakistan. Retrieved 7 November 2014.
  25. ^ Khan, Shahid Riaz (May 2013). "Investment in Research" (PDF). PakAtom. Retrieved 7 November 2014.
  26. ^ a b INSC. "International Nathiagali Summer College on Physics & Contemporary Needs, Nathiagali, Pakistan". International Nathiagali Summer College on Physics & Contemporary Needs, Nathiagali, Pakistan. Retrieved 7 November 2014.
  27. ^ PakistanToday. "PAEC to generate 8800MW electricity by 2030 | Pakistan Today". Retrieved 26 April 2022.
  28. ^ PAEC Nuclear Power. "Nuclear Power". PAEC Nuclear Power. Retrieved 7 November 2014.
  29. ^ a b c d e Ahmad, Ishfaq (6 October 2003). "CERN Courier: CERN and Pakistan: a personal perspective" (HTTP). CERN Courier. cerncourier.com. Retrieved 26 April 2022.
  30. ^ a b c "paki.in". www77.paki.in.
  31. ^ a b c "Pakistan and CERN signed agreement for Technical Cooperation". PAEC Public Relations and International Press Directorate. Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission's International Relations Directorate. 27 June 2011. Archived from the original (HTTP) on 9 June 2010.
  32. ^ From the Newspaper, AFP (22 June 2014). "Pakistan granted Cern's associate membership". Dawn Newspapers, 2014. Dawn Newspapers. Retrieved 11 November 2014.
  33. ^ a b "Pakistan and CERN". Pakistan and CERN. Archived from the original on 18 July 2015. Retrieved 11 November 2014.
  34. ^ "2006 Protocol on CERN-PAEC cooperation" (PDF).
  35. ^ a b "27 Pakistani Scientists working on CERN's LHC "Big Bang" Experiments". LahoreTech News. 16 September 2008. Retrieved 11 November 2014.
  36. ^ APP (16 September 2008). "27 Pakistani scientists took part in 'Big Bang' experiment". Associate Press of Pakistan, 16 September 2008. Associate Press of Pakistan. Archived from the original on 11 November 2014. Retrieved 11 November 2014.
  37. ^ Dawn.com (24 June 2021). "IAEA awards Pakistani nuclear institution, scientists". DAWN.COM. Retrieved 26 June 2021.
  38. ^ "Pakistani nuclear scientists win international awards". www.geo.tv. Retrieved 26 April 2022.
  39. ^ "Pakistani nuclear scientists, institution bag int'l awards". The Express Tribune. 23 June 2021. Retrieved 26 April 2022.
  40. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l PD (29 May 1965). "The Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission Ordinance, 1965" (PDF). Govt. of Pakistan, 1965. Retrieved 11 November 2014.
  41. ^ DAWN (24 April 2015). "Mohammad Naeem appointed PAEC chairman".
  42. ^ a b c PD, Public Domain. "National Command Authority ACT 2010" (PDF). Gazette of Pakistan, PD. Retrieved 11 November 2014.

External links

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pakistan_Atomic_Energy_Commission&oldid=1218767251"