Government of Pakistan
Parliament House | |
Executive branch | |
---|---|
Head of state | President of Pakistan |
Head of government | Prime Minister of Pakistan |
Principal organ | Cabinet |
Meeting place | Cabinet Secretariat |
Ministries | varies |
Responsible to | Parliament |
Judicial branch | |
Court | Supreme Court of Pakistan |
Chief judge | Chief Justice of Pakistan |
The Government of Pakistan (
Under the Constitution, there are three primary branches of a government: the legislative, whose powers are vested in a bicameral Parliament; the executive, consisting of the President, aided by the Cabinet which is headed by the Prime Minister; and the judiciary, with the Supreme Court.[1]
Effecting the
The President acts as the ceremonial
The full name of the country is the Islamic Republic of Pakistan. No other name appears in the Constitution, and this is the name that appears on money, in treaties, and in legal cases. The "Pakistan Government" or "Government of Pakistan" are often used in official documents representing the federal government collectively.
Federal law and Constitution
The Constitution of Pakistan established and constituted the federal government of four provinces of federation of nation-state, known as State of Pakistan. The Constitution reads as:
The Federal Government is Subject to the Constitution. The executive authority of the Federation shall be exercised in the name of the President by the Federal Government, consisting of the Prime Minister and the (Federal) Ministers, which shall act through the Prime Minister, who shall be the chief executive of the Federation.
In the performance of his functions under the Constitution, the Prime Minister may act either directly or through the (Federal) Ministers.— Constitution of Pakistan: Part III: The Federation of Pakistan— Chapter 3: The Federal Government, Article 196–197, source[5]
The basic
Branches of government
Legislative branch
The legislative branch has two houses, which combined are known as the Parliament of Pakistan
- The National Assembly is the lower house and has 342 members. 272 are elected directly by the people, while 60 seats are reserved for women and 10 seats for religious minorities.
- The Senate is the upper house and has 104 senators elected indirectly by members of provincial assemblies for six-year terms.
The Parliament enjoys
Executive branch
By general definition, the
Prime Minister and Cabinet
The
The Prime Minister makes key appointments on various important positions, including;
- The federal secretaries as head of cabinet- level ministries
- The chief secretaries of the provinces
- Key administrative and military personnel in the Pakistan Armed Forces
- The chairmen of large public sector organisations and corporations such as etc.
- The chairmen and other members of the federal commissions and public institutions
- Ambassadors and High Commissioners to other countries
The Cabinet can have a maximum of 11 percent (50 members including the Prime Minister) of the total strength of the Parliament.[11]
Each Cabinet member must be a member of Parliament (MP).
Once appointed by the Prime Minister, all Cabinet Ministers are officially confirmed to their appointment offices by the President in a special oath of ceremony.[12][13]
The President of Pakistan, officially the President of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is the ceremonial head of state of Pakistan and the commander-in-chief of the Pakistan Armed Forces.[14][15]
The office of president was created upon the
The constitution prohibits the president from directly running the government.
The president is indirectly elected by the
There have been a total of
Judicial branch
Pakistan's independent judicial system began under the
Judicature transfer
The Constitution grants powers to the Supreme Court to make judicature transfers.[21] Although the proceedings in the Supreme Court arise out of the judgement or orders made by the subordinate courts, the Supreme Court reserves the right to transfer any case, appeal or proceedings pending before any High Court to any other High Court.[21]
Supreme Judicial Council
Misconduct of judges is highly intolerable as is mentioned in the constitution. Under the mainframe of the Supreme Judicial Council Article 209 an inquiry into the capacity or conduct of a Judge, who is a member of the council, may be conducted.
Civil service
The civil service of Pakistan is the permanent bureaucracy of the Government of Pakistan. The civil servants are the permanent officials of the government, occupying a respected image in the
In the
Federal secretaries
The federal secretaries are the most senior, experienced, and capable officials in the country. Each ministry/division has its Secretary to oversee and enforce the public policy matters.
The secretaries, who are basic pay scale
Management of major crisis situations in the country and coordination of activities of the various Ministries in such situations are the functions of the Cabinet Division. Appointment for the chairman of the FPSC, the prestigious body responsible for the recruitment of elite bureaucrats, is made by the President after consulting the Prime Minister, according to Article 242 of the Constitution.[26]
Elections and voting system
Since 1947, Pakistan has an asymmetric
There has been four times that the martial law has been in effect, and controversially approved by the supreme court.[12] Through a general election where the leader of the majority winning party is selected to be the Prime Minister.[12] All members of the federal legislature, the Parliament, are directly elected. Elections in Pakistan take place every five years by universal adult suffrage.[12]
Administration and governments
Provincial and Local governments
There are four
The provincial governments tend to have the greatest influence over most Pakistanis' daily lives. The Local government functions at the basic level.[29] It is the third level of government, consisting Jirga in rural tribal areas.[30]
Finances
Taxation and budget
Pakistan has a complex taxation system of more than 70 unique taxes administered by at least 37 tax collection institutions of the Government of Pakistan.[31] Taxation is a debated and controversial issue in public and political science circle of the country, and according to the International Development Committee, Pakistan had a lower-than-average tax take.[32] Only 0.57% of Pakistanis, or 768,000 people out of a population of 190 million pay income tax.[32]
The
National Finance Commission program overview
Constituted under the Article 160 of the
According to stipulations and directions of the Constitution, the
Ministries and divisions
Federal Ministerial Departments | Ministerial Divisions | Creation |
---|---|---|
Cabinet Secretariat | Cabinet Division Establishment Division Aviation Division |
1947 |
Climate Change | Climate Change Division | |
Commerce | Commerce Division | |
Communications | Communications Division
Postal Services Division
|
1947 |
Defence | Defence Division | 1947 |
Defence Production |
Defence Production Division | 1972 |
Energy | Petroleum Division Power Division |
|
Federal Education and Professional Training |
Federal Education and Professional Training Division | |
Finance, Revenue, Economic Affairs |
Finance Division Revenue Division Economic Affairs Division |
|
Foreign Affairs | Foreign Affairs Division | 1947 |
Housing and Works |
Housing and Works Division | |
Human Rights | Human Rights Division | |
Interior | Interior Division | |
Information, Broadcasting and National Heritage |
Information, Broadcasting and National Heritage Division | |
Industries and Production |
Industries and Production Division | |
Information Technology and Telecommunication | Information Technology and Telecommunication Division | |
Inter-Provincial Coordination | Inter Provincial Coordination Division | |
Kashmir Affairs and Gilgit Baltistan |
Kashmir Affairs and Gilgit-Baltistan Division | |
Overseas Pakistanis and Human Resource Development | Overseas Pakistanis and Human Resource Development Division | |
Law and Justice | Law and Justice Division | |
Maritime Affairs | Maritime Affairs Division | |
Narcotics Control | Narcotics Control Division | |
Parliamentary Affairs | Parliamentary Affairs Division | |
Planning and Development |
Planning and Development Division | |
National Food Security and Research |
National Food Security and Research Division | |
National Health Services, Regulations and Coordination |
National Health Services, Regulations and Coordination Division | |
Religious Affairs and Inter-faith Harmony |
Religious Affairs and Inter-faith Harmony Division | |
States and Frontier Regions |
States and Frontier Regions Division | |
Overseas Pakistanis and Human Resource Development | Overseas Pakistanis and Human Resource Development Division | |
Privatisation | Privatisation Division | |
Science and Technology | Science and Technology Division | |
Water Resources | Water Resources Division | |
Railways | Railways Division |
Departments
See also
- Corruption in Pakistan
- Economic Coordination Committee
- Federal Bureau of Statistics of the Government of Pakistan
- Gazette of Pakistan
- Grade 22
- List of provincial governments of Pakistan
- Ministry of Finance of the Government of Pakistan
- Pakistan Institute of International Affairs
- Statistics Division (Pakistan)
- Types of Government Servants in Pakistan
References
- ^ "About Government". Government of Pakistan. Archived from the original on 24 October 2007. Retrieved 5 March 2009.
- ^ a b c d e f Govt. of Pakistan. "Government of Pakistan". Government of Pakistan. Archived from the original on 11 June 2013. Retrieved 18 June 2013.
- ^ "Government tenure ends marking ten years of democracy in Pakistan". Geo News. Archived from the original on 7 October 2021.
- ^ "Here are the highest paid govt departments - The Express Tribune". tribune.com.pk. 17 July 2016.
- ^ Constitution of Pakistan. "Part III: The Federation of Pakistan— Chapter 3: The Federal Government". Constitution of Pakistan. Archived from the original on 7 October 2021. Retrieved 19 June 2013.
- ^ a b "Chapter 3: Tribal Areas". Chapter 3: Tribal Areas. Retrieved 19 June 2013.
- ^ "pakistanlaw.net". www.pakistanlaw.net. Archived from the original on 9 November 2018. Retrieved 19 June 2013.
- ISBN 978-1-137-40328-5, retrieved 6 April 2022
- ^ Zaman, Lal; Khan, Qaisar; Naz, Arab (1 July 2018). "Critical Discourse Analysis:Jirga and its Survival in Pakistan". pp. 29–40.
- ^ a b "Prime Minister of Pakistan". Govt. Pakistan. Archived from the original on 10 July 2014. Retrieved 19 June 2013.
- ^ Wasim, Amir (15 May 2013). "18th amendment limits cabinet size". Archived from the original on 7 October 2021.
- ^ a b c d e f Information and Mass-Media Broadcasting Ministry of Pakistan. "President". Information and Mass-Media Broadcasting Ministry of Pakistan. Archived from the original on 24 June 2013. Retrieved 19 June 2013.
- ^ "Prime Minister Imran Khan to chair federal cabinet meeting - Samaa Digital". Samaa TV. Archived from the original on 7 October 2021.
- ^ Article 243(3) Archived 2015-03-21 at the Wayback Machine in Chapter 2: The Armed Forces. Part XII: Miscellaneous in the Constitution of Pakistan.
- ^ Article 41(1) Archived 2016-02-04 at the Wayback Machine in Chapter 1: The President, Part III: The Federation of Pakistan in the Constitution of Pakistan.
- ^ "Pakistan moves to roll back presidential powers". Los Angeles Times. 2 April 2010.
- ^ Article 43(1)–43(2) Archived 2016-02-04 at the Wayback Machine in Chapter 1: The President, Part III: The Federation of Pakistan in the Constitution of Pakistan.
- ^ Article 46 Archived 2016-02-04 at the Wayback Machine in Chapter 1: The President, Part III: The Federation of Pakistan in the Constitution of Pakistan.
- ^ Article 243(2) Archived 2015-03-21 at the Wayback Machine in Chapter 2: The Armed Forces. Part XII: Miscellaneous in the Constitution of Pakistan.
- ^ "Ministry of Maritime Affairs". Moma.gov.pk. Retrieved 9 June 2020.
- ^ a b c "Part VII: The Judicature". Archived from the original on 7 October 2021. Retrieved 19 June 2013.
- ^ "Promotions: PM appoints 15 federal secretaries - The Express Tribune". 7 January 2015. Archived from the original on 7 October 2021.
- ^ "PM appoints new Cabinet Division, Establishment secretaries - Samaa TV". www.samaa.tv. Archived from the original on 7 October 2021.
- ^ "Top 6 bureaucrats promoted to BS-22". Archived from the original on 7 October 2021.
- ^ "Lobbying on for post of finance secretary - The Express Tribune". tribune.com.pk. 2 January 2018.
- ^ "Part XII: Miscellaneous". Part XII: Miscellaneous. Archived from the original on 7 October 2021. Retrieved 19 June 2013.
- ^ "Article 58". 58 Dissolution of the National Assembly. Archived from the original on 7 October 2021. Retrieved 20 June 2013.
- ^ "Chapter 3: The Provincial Governments". Archived from the original on 7 October 2021. Retrieved 20 June 2013.
- ^ NRB. "The Local Government System 2001". National Bureau of Reconstruction. National Bureau of Reconstruction. Archived from the original on 25 January 2009. Retrieved 20 June 2013.
- ^ "Chapter 2: Armed Forces". Part XII: Miscellaneous. Archived from the original on 7 October 2021. Retrieved 19 June 2013.
- ^ Horrigan, Kevin (26 September 2010). "Take a lesson from Pakistan: Taxes are for suckers". Saint Louis Post-Dispatch. Archived from the original on 7 October 2021. Retrieved 7 November 2010.
- ^ a b "Stop extra UK aid to Pakistan unless taxes increase, urge MPs". BBC Pakistan Bureau. 4 April 2013. Archived from the original on 7 October 2021. Retrieved 20 June 2013.
- ^ Ghauri, Irfan (12 June 2013). "Economic plans: Govt set to unveil Rs3.5tr budget today". Express Tribune. Archived from the original on 7 October 2021. Retrieved 12 June 2013.
- ^ "Govt unveils 'business friendly' budget for FY 2013–14". GEO News. 12 June 2013. Archived from the original on 15 June 2013. Retrieved 12 June 2013.
- ^ Const. Pakistan. "Finance, Property, Contracts and Suits". Constitution of Pakistan. Constitution of Pakistan. Retrieved 4 May 2013.
- ^ Sabir, Mohammad. "7th NFC and Its Implications" (PDF). Social Policy and Development Centre. Social Policy and Development Centre. Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 June 2013. Retrieved 4 May 2013.
External links
- Official website
- Government of Pakistan on Facebook
- Government of Pakistan on Twitter
- Government of Pakistan on Instagram
- Government of Pakistan on Pinterest
- YouTube channel
- The President of Pakistan
- Senate of Pakistan
- National Assembly of Pakistan
- Federal Shariat Court of Pakistan
- Supreme Court of Pakistan (archived 14 August 2013)
- List of E-Services provided by Government of Pakistan (archived 18 November 2012)