Paleo-Sardinian language
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Paleo-Sardinian | |
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Nuragic | |
Region | Sardinians |
Extinct | c. 2nd century AD[citation needed] |
Language codes | |
ISO 639-3 | None (mis ) |
Glottolog | None |
Paleo-Sardinian, also known as Proto-Sardinian or Nuragic, is an
Pre-Indo-European hypothesis
The Swiss linguist Johannes Hubschmid proposed six linguistic layers in prehistoric Sardinia.[1]
There is toponymic evidence suggesting that the Paleo-Sardinian language may have had connection to the reconstructed
:So eg. sakkáyu, -a, sakkaggu, -a is in Sardinian a lamb or a goat of a year or a year and a half; brings to mind the Aragonese segalo, Catalan sugali, Béarnese sigàlo «goat of the same age», which my colleague Rohlfs combined with the Basque seguila «chèvre d'un an» which seems to be derived from the Basque seliail, segai! «svelte», safaildu «décharner, maigrir». Of course, not everything is equally certain, and the investigation must be continued and expanded. Naturally I am far from wanting to identify Sardinians and Basques, Sardinians and Iberians, I believe that one must always bear in mind that other influences may also have manifested themselves, long-standing Mediterranean influences, Ligurian and perhaps even Alpine influences. Certain coincidences between Sardinian and Albanian are also notable"
— Max Leopold Wagner, Osservazioni sui sostrati etnico-linguistici sardi, 1933[6]
Bertoldi and Terracini[
The non-Latin suffixes -ài, -éi, -òi, -ùi survive in modern place names based on Latin roots. Terracini sees connections to
Etruscan–Nuragic connection
The linguist M. Pittau[7] argues that the Paleo-Sardinian ("Sardian") language and the Etruscan language were closely linked, as he argues that they were both emanations of the Anatolian branch of Indo-European. According to Pittau, the "Nuragics" were a population of Lydian origin who imported their Indo-European language to the island, pushing out the Pre-Indo-European languages spoken by the Pre-Nuragic peoples.
Some examples of Nuragic names of Indo-European origin might be:[8]
- calambusa «sprig of Greekkaláme «cane, stem» (Indoeur.).
- népide, nébide, nébida, nébidi "fog" (Barbagia and southern Sardinia); Sardian or Nuragic relict, to be compared – not derived – with the Greek néphos «fog» (Indoeur.) (LISPR).
- saurra «humidity of the night, frost, dew» (Log.), toponyms Saurrecci (Vedic rasá «dew» and with the Sanskritrásah «humidity» (DELL) and therefore Indoeur. (corrige DILS, LISPR).
Other hypothesis
Archeologist Giovanni Ugas suggested that the three main Nuragic populations (Balares, Corsi and Ilienses) may have had separate origins and so may have spoken different languages:
- the
- The Corsi from the north-east might have possibly been of Ligurian origin.
- The Iolaei/Ilienses, who inhabited the southern plains and today's Barbagia, likely would have spoken a pre-Indo-European language, possibly similar to Minoan and other languages of that area.[11]
The common subdivision of modern Sardinian into the three dialects of
According to Guido Borghi, researcher of
See also
- Paleo-Corsican language
- Pre-Nuragic Sardinia
- Nuragic civilization
- List of ancient Corsican and Sardinian tribes
- History of Sardinia
- Prehistory of Corsica
Notes
- ^ Heinz Jürgen Wolf 1998, p. 20.
- ^ Eduardo Blasco Ferrer, ed. 2010. Paleosardo: Le radici linguistiche della Sardegna neolitica (Paleosardo: The Linguistic Roots of Neolithic Sardinian). De Gruyter Mouton
- ^ Blasco-Ferrer 2010, p. 161, 162.
- ^ Blasco-Ferrer 2010, p. 152, 161, 162.
- ^ Argaiz, Mary Carmen Iribarren (1997). "Mary Carmen Iribarren Argaiz, Los vocablos en-rr-de la lengua sarda: Conexiones con la península ibérica". Fontes Linguae Vasconum: Studia et Documenta (in Spanish). 29 (76): 335–354. Retrieved 8 January 2023.
- ^ "Max Leopold Wagner, Osservazioni sui sostrati etnico-linguistici sardi" (in Italian). Retrieved 7 February 2023.
- ^ Pittau, La lingua sardiana o dei protosardi, Cagliari 2001.
- ^ Massimo Pittau, Appellativi nuragici di matrice indoeuropea
- ^ Ugas 2005, p. 18.
- ^ Ugas 2005, p. 29.
- ^ Ugas 2005, p. 255.
- ^ Ugas 2005, p. 253.
- ^ Ugas 2005, p. 254.
- ^ Man Qing Ong, Perono Cacciafoco 2022, p. 14.
References
- Alberto G. Areddu, Le origini albanesi della civiltà in Sardegna, Naples, Grafica Elettronica, 2007.
- Blasco-Ferrer, Eduardo (2010). Paleosardo: Le radici linguistiche della Sardegna neolitica [Paleosardo: The Linguistic Roots of Neolithic Sardinian] (in Italian). De Gruyter Mouton.
- Johannes Hubschmid, Sardische Studien, Bern, 1953.
- Massimo Pittau. La lingua sardiana o dei Protosardi, Cagliari: Ettore Gasperini, 2001.
- Giulio Paulis, I nomi di luogo in Sardegna, Sassari, 1987.
- Giulio Paulis. “Il paleosardo: retrospettive e prospettive”, Aion: Annali del Dipartimento di Studi del Mondo Classico e del Mediterraneo Antico — Sezione linguistica 30, no. 4 (2010): 11-61.
- Ugas, Giovanni (2005). L'Alba dei Nuraghi. Cagliari: Fabula editrice. OCLC 462763778.
- Heinz Jürgen Wolf (1998), Toponomastica Barbaricina, Nuoro
Further reading
- Ong, Brenda Man Qing, and Francesco Perono Cacciafoco. (2022). Unveiling the Enigmatic Origins of Sardinian Toponyms. Languages, 7, 2, 131: 1-19, Paper, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/languages7020131.