Palm Sunday

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Palm Sunday
Entry of Jesus Christ into Jerusalem (1320) by Pietro Lorenzetti: entering the city on a donkey symbolizes arrival in peace rather than as a war-waging king arriving on a horse.[1][2]
Also calledSixth Sunday of Lent, Palm and Passion Sunday
Observed byChristians
Significancecommemorates Christ's triumphal entry into Jerusalem; first day in Holy Week
ObservancesChurch attendance, blessing and distribution of palms, church processions, weaving palm crosses, hanging palm branches obtained from church liturgies behind Christian artwork or placing palm branches in Bibles and daily devotional books
DateMoveable feast, Sunday before Easter
2023 date
  • April 2 (Western)
  • April 9 (Eastern)
2024 date
  • March 24 (Western)
  • April 28 (Eastern)
2025 date
  • April 13 (Western)
  • April 13 (Eastern)
2026 date
  • March 29 (Western)
  • April 5 (Eastern)

Palm Sunday is the Christian

Jesus Christ as he entered the city. Palm Sunday marks the first day of Holy Week; in Western Christianity, this is the beginning of the last week of the solemn season of Lent, preceding Eastertide,[4][5][6][7] while in Eastern Christianity, Holy Week commences after the conclusion of Great Lent.[8]

In most

Christian rites, Palm Sunday is celebrated by the blessing and distribution of palm branches (or the branches of other, native trees), representing the palm branches that the crowd scattered before Christ as he rode into Jerusalem. These palms are sometimes woven into crosses. The difficulty of procuring palms in unfavorable climates led to the substitution of branches of native trees, including box, olive, willow, and yew
.

Many churches of mainstream

Christian denominations, including the Orthodox, Catholic, Lutheran, Methodist, Anglican, Moravian, and Reformed traditions, distribute palm branches to their congregations during their Palm Sunday liturgies. Christians take these palms, which are often blessed by clergy, to their homes, where they hang them alongside Christian art (especially crosses and crucifixes) or keep them in their Bibles and daily devotional books.[9] In the days preceding the next year's Lent, known as Carnival or Shrovetide, churches often place a basket in their narthex to collect these palms, which are then ritually burned on Shrove Tuesday to make the ashes to be used on the following day, Ash Wednesday, which is the first day of Lent.[10][11]

Biblical basis and symbolism

Triumphal entry into Jerusalem, Russian icon (Cathedral of the Annunciation, Moscow)

In the accounts of the four

canonical Gospels, Christ's triumphal entry into Jerusalem takes place a week before his resurrection.[12][13][14][15] Only the Gospel[16] of John shows a timeline of the event, dated six days before the Passover.[17]

The

raising of Lazarus is mentioned only by the Gospel of John, in the previous chapter. The Eastern Orthodox Church and the Eastern Catholic Churches which follows the Byzantine Rite, commemorate it on Lazarus Saturday, following the text of the Gospel. In fact, the Jewish calendar dates begin at sundown of the night beforehand, and conclude at nightfall.[18]

The Gospel of Matthew states that this happened that the prophecy might be fulfilled of: Zechariah 9:9[19] "The Coming of Zion's King – See, your king comes to you, righteous and victorious, lowly and riding on a donkey, on a colt, the foal of a donkey".[20] It suggests that Jesus was declaring he was the King of Israel.

According to the Gospels, Jesus Christ rode on a donkey into Jerusalem, and the celebrating people there laid down their cloaks and small branches of trees in front of him, singing part of Psalm 118: 25–26[21] – Blessed is He who comes in the name of the Lord. We bless you from the house of the Lord.[2][12][13][14]

The symbolism of the donkey may refer to the Eastern tradition that it is an animal of peace, unlike the horse which is the animal of war.[1] A king would have ridden a horse when he was bent on war and ridden a donkey to symbolize his arrival in peace. Christ's entry to Jerusalem would have thus symbolized his entry as the Prince of Peace, not as a war-waging king.[1][2] Thus there have been two different meanings (or more levels of biblical hermeneutics): an historical meaning, truly happening according to the Gospels, and a secondary meaning in the symbolism.

"Flevit super illam" (He wept over it); by Enrique Simonet, 1892

In Luke 19:41 as Jesus approaches Jerusalem, he looks at the city and weeps over it (an event known as

Latin), foretelling his coming Passion and the suffering that awaits the city in the events of the destruction of the Second Temple.[22]

In many lands in the ancient

Four Species carried for Sukkot, as prescribed for rejoicing in Leviticus 23:40.[24]

In the

palm branch was a symbol of triumph and victory. It became the most common attribute of the goddess Nike or Victoria.[25][26][27] For contemporary Roman observers, the procession would have evoked the Roman triumph,[28] when the triumphator laid down his arms and wore the toga, the civilian garment of peace that might be ornamented with emblems of the palm.[29]

Although the

martyr's palm was later used as a symbol of Christian martyrs and their spiritual victory or triumph over death.[31] In Revelation 7:9, the white-clad multitude stand before the throne and Lamb holding palm branches.[32]

Observance in the liturgy

Dates for Palm Sunday
2017–2031
In Gregorian dates
Year Western Eastern
2017 April 9
2018 March 25April 1
2019 April 14April 21
2020 April 5April 12
2021 March 28April 25
2022 April 10April 17
2023 April 2April 9
2024 March 24April 28
2025 April 13
2026 March 29April 5
2027 March 21April 25
2028 April 9
2029 March 25April 1
2030 April 14April 21
2031 April 6

Eastern and Oriental Christianity

Small crosses woven from blessed palms are often distributed at churches on Palm Sunday.

Palm Sunday, or the Entry of the Lord into Jerusalem as it may be called in

vestments
in the church are changed to a festive color – most commonly green.

The Troparion of the Feast (a short hymn) indicates that the resurrection of Lazarus is a prefiguration of Christ's Resurrection:

O Christ our God
When Thou didst raise Lazarus from the dead before Thy Passion,
Thou didst confirm the resurrection of the universe.
Wherefore, we, like children,
carry the banner of triumph and victory,
and we cry to Thee, O Conqueror of death,
Hosanna in the highest!
Blessed is He that cometh
in the Name of the Lord.

In the

Roman Catholics, and various other Eastern European peoples, the custom developed of using pussy willow and other twigs like box tree instead of palm fronds because the latter are not readily available that far north. There is no canonical requirement as to what kind of branches must be used, so some Orthodox believers use olive
branches.

Whatever the kind, these branches are

Great Entrance of the Divine Liturgy commemorates the "Entry of the Lord into Jerusalem", so the meaningfulness of this moment is punctuated on Palm Sunday as everyone stands, holding their branches and lit candles. The faithful take these branches and candles home with them after the liturgy, and keep them in their icon corner
as an evloghia (blessing).

In Russia,

nationalisation of the church
, terminated the custom. It has been occasionally recreated in the 21st century.

In

Oriental Orthodox
churches, palm fronds are distributed at the front of the church at the sanctuary steps. In India the sanctuary itself is strewn with marigolds, and the congregation proceeds through and outside the church.

Western Christianity

Palm Sunday in East Timor

In ancient times, palm branches symbolized goodness and victory. They were often depicted on coins and important buildings. Solomon had palm branches carved into the walls and doors of the temple.[33] Again at the end of the Bible, people from every nation raise palm branches to honor Jesus.[34]

Palm Sunday commemorates the entrance of Christ into Jerusalem,[35] during which palm branches were placed in his path, before his arrest on Holy Thursday and his crucifixion on Good Friday. It thus marks the beginning of Holy Week, the final week of Lent.

In churches of many Christian denominations, members of the congregation, oftentimes children, are given palms that they carry as they walk in a procession around the inside of the church.[36][37] In the Church of Pakistan, a united Protestant Church, the faithful on Palm Sunday carry palm branches into the church as they sing Psalm 24.[38]

In the

Anglican congregations, palm fronds (or in colder climates some kind of substitutes) are blessed with holy water outside the church building (or in cold climates in the narthex
when Easter falls early in the year) in an event called the Blessing of the Palms. A solemn procession of the entire congregation takes place immediately after the blessing of the palms, called the Palm procession.

In the Catholic, Lutheran, and Episcopalian traditions, this feast now coincides with that of

sacramentals
. The vestments for the day are deep scarlet red, the colour of blood, indicating the supreme redemptive sacrifice Christ was entering the city to make, to fulfill his passion and resurrection in Jerusalem.

Blessing palms outside an Episcopal Church in the United States
Palm Sunday and other named days and day ranges around Lent and Easter in Western Christianity, with the fasting days of Lent numbered

In the Episcopal and many other Anglican churches and in Lutheran churches, as well, the day is officially called The Sunday of the Passion: Palm Sunday; in practice, though, it is usually termed Palm Sunday as in the 1928 American Book of Common Prayer and in earlier Lutheran liturgies and calendars, to avoid undue confusion with the penultimate Sunday of Lent in the traditional calendar, which was Passion Sunday.

In traditional usage of the Methodist Church, The Book of Worship for Church and Home (1965) provides the following Collect for Palm Sunday:[39]

Almighty and everlasting God, who, of thy tender love toward mankind hast sent thy Son our Savior Jesus Christ to take upon him our flesh, and to suffer death upon the cross, that all mankind should follow the example of his great humility: Mercifully grant that we may both follow the example of his patience and also be made partakers of his resurrection; through the same Jesus Christ our Lord. Amen.[39]

Customs

It is customary in many churches for worshippers to receive fresh palm leaves on Palm Sunday. In parts of the world where this has historically been impractical, substitute traditions have arisen.

Belgium

In Hoegaarden, one of the last remaining Palm Sunday processions takes place every year. A fellowship of Twelve Apostles carries a wooden statue of Christ around the town, while children go door to door offering the palms (box) for coins.[40]

Bulgaria

In

Flower's Day. People with flower-related names (e.g., Bilyan(a), Liliya, Margarita, Nevena, Ralitsa, Rosa, Temenuzhka, Tsvetan(a), Tsvetelin(a), Tsvetin(a), Tsvetko, Violeta, Yavor, Zdravko, Zjumbjul, etc.) celebrate this day as their name day.[41]

England

In the 15th through the 17th centuries in England, Palm Sunday was frequently marked by the burning of Jack o' Lent figures. This was a straw effigy which would be stoned and abused on Ash Wednesday, and kept in the parish for burning on Palm Sunday. The symbolism was believed to be a kind of revenge on Judas Iscariot, who had betrayed Christ. The effigy could also have represented the hated figure of Winter, whose destruction prepares the way for Spring.[42]

Egypt and Ethiopia

In the Coptic Orthodox Church and Orthodox Ethiopia, this holiday is referred to as Hosanna. Palm leaves will be blessed and distributed, they are used to create crucifixes, rings and other ornaments.

Finland

Easter witches in Finland

In

virpominen
.

It is customary for the children to chant, with some variation, "Virvon varvon tuoreeks, terveeks, tulevaks vuodeks, vitsa sulle, palkka mulle!"[43] which very roughly translates as "I'm wishing you a fresh, healthy upcoming year, a branch for you, a prize for me!" The chant has been translated in Juha Vuorinen's novel Totally Smashed! as "Willow switch, I'm the Easter witch! I wish you health and a love that's rich! From me I bring some luck today, for this branch what will you pay?"[44]

Germany

Wooden Palmesel

In some regions of Germany, long stakes with pussy willow, box and other twigs are taken for the Palm procession rather than

nosegays
. In some Southern regions either the priest leads the palm procession, riding on a donkey, or a wooden donkey (called Palmesel) with a figure of Christ is traditionally trundled with the procession of the faithful.

India

In most of the Catholic churches in India the palms are blessed by the priest on Palm Sunday and then distributed among the people after the holy mass. There is a tradition of folding palm

fronds into palm crosses, which are kept at the altar till the next Ash Wednesday
.

, India, on Palm Sunday

In the

(Jacobite) congregations elsewhere in India and throughout the world), flowers are strewn about the sanctuary on Palm Sunday during the reading of the Gospel, at the words uttered by the crowd welcoming Jesus, "Hosanna! Blessed is he who is come and is to come in the name of the Lord God". These words are read to the congregation thrice. The congregation then repeats, "Hosanna!", and the flowers are scattered, a common custom in Indian celebrations. This symbolizes Jesus' triumphant entry into Jerusalem.

– People holding tender leaves of coconut palms (kuruthola) and flowers are thrown upwards during Gospel reading

Indian Orthodoxy traces its roots to the arrival in India of Saint

Syro-Malabar Catholic Church's palm leaves are blessed during Palm Sunday ceremony and a Procession takes place holding the palms.[45]

Ireland

In

In the past in some areas, a palm stem was charred and a cross was marked on eggs set for hatching, while in parts of Counties Galway and Mayo, shredded palm was mixed through the seed grain. The coincidence of Palm Sunday and

Second World War, and will not reoccur until 2391.[47][49]

Italy

In Italy, palm leaves are used along with small olive branches, readily available in the Mediterranean climate. These are placed at house entrances (for instance, hanging above the door) to last until the following year's Palm Sunday. For this reason, usually palm leaves are not used whole, due to their size; instead, leaf strips are braided into smaller shapes. Small olive branches are also often used to decorate traditional Easter cakes, along with other symbols of birth, like eggs.[citation needed]

Latvia

In Latvia, Palm Sunday is called "Pussy Willow Sunday", and pussy willows – symbolizing new life – are blessed and distributed to the faithful.[50] Children are often awakened that morning with ritualistic swats of a willow branch.[51]

Lithuania

When Christianity came to Lithuania, the plants which sprouted earliest were honored during spring feasts. The name "Palm Sunday" is a misnomer; the "verba" or "dwarfed spruce" is used instead. According to tradition, on the Saturday before Palm Sunday the Lithuanians take special care in choosing and cutting well-formed branches, which the women-folk decorate with flowers. The flowers are meticulously tied onto the branches, making the "Verba".[citation needed]

The Levant

In

Anglican Churches, perhaps because it is notably a family occasion.[52] On this day, children attend church with branches from olive and palm trees. Also, there will be carefully woven crosses and other symbols made from palm fronds and roses and a procession at the beginning of the liturgy, during which at some point, the priest will take an olive branch and splash holy water on the faithful.[citation needed
]

Malta

All the parishes of

]

Netherlands

In the

Diocese of Groningen-Leeuwarden, a great procession with oil lamps is held the night before Palm Sunday in honour of the Sorrowful Mother of Warfhuizen
.

Philippines

Palm fronds being blessed in San Carlos, Pangasinan, Philippines.

In the Philippines, a statue of Christ riding a donkey (the Humenta), or the presiding priest on horseback, is brought to the local church in a morning procession. Congregants line the route, waving palaspás (ornately woven palm branches) and spreading tapis (heirloom "aprons" made for this ritual) in imitation of the excited Jerusalemites. At the church parvise, a house, or the town plaza, children dressed as angels scatter flowers as they sing the day's antiphon Hosanna Filio David in the vernacular and to traditional tunes. The first Mass of the day then follows.

Once blessed, the palaspás are brought home and placed on altars, doorways, and windows. The Church teaches that this is a sign of welcoming Christ into the home, but folk belief holds that the blessed palaspás are

Archbishop of Manila, Cardinal Luis Antonio Tagle.[53]
In other provinces, the flowers strewn by the angels during the procession are added to the rice seeds being planted, in the belief that these will ensure a bountiful harvest.

Poland

A palm in Łyse, Poland

Many Polish towns and villages (the best known are Lipnica Murowana in Lesser Poland and Łyse in Mazovia) organize artificial palm competitions. The biggest of those reach above 30 meters (98 ft) in length; for example, the highest palm in 2008 was 33.39 meters (109.5 ft).[54]

Romania and Moldova

In Romania and Moldova, Palm Sunday is known as Duminica Floriilor or simply Florii, translating Flowers' Sunday. [55][56] This name has its roots in a pre-Christian fertility festival, where flowers played a prominent role. [57]

Spain

In Spain, there is a tradition at the Palmeral of Elche (Europe's largest palm grove) in which local people cover palm leaves from the sun to allow them to whiten, and then they tie and braid them into intricate shapes. [58]

A Spanish rhyming proverb states: Domingo de Ramos, quien no estrena algo, se le caen las manos ("On Palm Sunday, the hands drop off of those who fail to wear something new"). On Palm Sunday, it is customary to don new clothing or shoes.[59]

Syria

In Syria, it is popular for children to dress up as Easter witches and go door to door in neighborhoods for coins and candy.[60]

Wales

These Flowering Sunday grave decorations were photographed in South Wales c. 1907

In southern Wales and nearby portions of England, 'Sul y Blodau' or 'Flowering Sunday' is a grave decoration tradition commonly observed on Palm Sunday, although historically Flowering Sunday grave decoration was also observed on other days as well. Today, the names Palm Sunday and Flowering Sunday are used interchangeably in those regions. In 1829, Thomas Wallace of Llanbadoc, Monmouthshire published a poem which contains the first known reference to the custom being practiced only on Palm Sunday.

Welsh cemetery cleaning and decoration traditions may have begun as an Easter celebration before becoming more commonly associated with Palm Sunday. As early as 1786, cleaning and flower decorations were attested by William Matthews during a tour of South Wales.[61] Richard Warner attested in 1797 "the ornamenting of the graves of the deceased with various plants and flowers, at certain seasons, by the surviving relatives" and noted that Easter was the most popular time for this tradition. By 1803, Malkin's observations in "The Scenery, Antiquities, and Biography of South Wales from materials collected during two excursions in the year 1803" reflect the shift away predominantly associating the custom with Easter.[62]

See also

References

  1. ^ p. 120
  2. ^ pp. 17–18
  3. ^ Mark 11:1–11, Matthew 21:1–11, Luke 19:28–44, and John 12:12–19.
  4. from the original on 5 July 2014. Retrieved 25 April 2014. Holy Week. The last week in LENT. It begins on PALM SUNDAY; the fourth day is called SPY WEDNESDAY; the fifth is MAUNDY THURSDAY; the sixth is GOOD FRIDAY; and the last 'Holy Saturday', or the 'Great Sabbath'.
  5. ^ Brewer, Ebenezer Cobham (1896). The Historic Notebook: With an Appendix of Battles. J. B. Lippincott. p. 669. Archived from the original on 5 July 2014. Retrieved 25 April 2014. The last seven days of this period constitute Holy Week. The first day of Holy Week is Palm Sunday, the fourth day is Spy Wednesday, the fifth Maundy Thursday, the sixth Good Friday, and the last Holy Saturday or the Great Sabbath.
  6. . The last week of Lent is called Holy Week in the Western Churches, and Great and Holy Week in the Eastern. During this week, believers remember the events in the last week of Jesus' life. These include Jesus' entrance into Jerusalem and his suffering on the way to crucifixion, which are sometimes called the "Passion of Jesus Christ," or "Passion of Christ."
  7. . Lent (Ash Wednesday through Holy Saturday): The season of Lent begins with Ash Wednesday and lasts until the final Saturday before Easter, Holy Saturday. It includes "Holy Week," the week before Easter. For six weeks preceding Easter, it is a time of penitential prayer, fasting, and almsgiving to prepare for the celebration of the resurrection of Jesus on Easter Sunday. This season of Lent originally was also a time of preparation for baptismal candidates and those separated from the Church who were rejoining the community. Holy Week, the last week of Lent, commemorates the last week of the earthly life of Jesus Christ. It covers the events of his triumphal entry into Jerusalem, the last supper, the arrest, and his death by crucifixion. Beginning with the sixth Sunday of Lent, Holy Week includes Palm Sunday, Spy Wednesday, Maundy Thursday, Good Friday, and Holy Saturday.
  8. ^ "Overview of Holy Week in the Orthodox Church". Greek Boston. 24 March 2010. Retrieved 2 April 2023. Holy Week in the Orthodox Church (for Greeks, Russians and any other nationalities that are Orthodox Christian) takes place in the week after Great Lent and just before Pascha, or Orthodox Easter. The last day of lent is the Saturday of Lazarus, which celebrates when Jesus raised Lazarus from the dead. Holy Week officially begins with Palm Sunday and follows the last week of Christ's life before His death and resurrection.
  9. ^ Kirk, Lisa (25 March 2018). "Ideas for Displaying Palm Sunday Palms Around Your Home". Blessed Is She. Retrieved 4 April 2020.
  10. ^ "This Sunday at Grace: February 4, 2018". Grace Episcopal Church. 3 February 2018. Retrieved 4 April 2020.
  11. ^ "Shrove Tuesday". The Times-Reporter. 18 February 2020. Archived from the original on 6 August 2020. Retrieved 4 April 2020.
  12. ^ pp. 256–258
  13. ^ pp. 381–395
  14. ^ pp. 133–134
  15. pp. 114–118
  16. ^ Matthew 21:1–11, Mark 11:1–11, Luke 19:28–44, John 12:1–19
  17. ^ John 12:1
  18. ^ "When Is Passover in 2018, 2019, 2020 and 2021?". Archived from the original on 18 March 2018. Retrieved 2 April 2018.
  19. ^ Zechariah 9:9
  20. ^ Gospel of Matthew 21:4-5
  21. ^ Psalm 118: 25–26
  22. ^ Luke 19:41
  23. ^ 2 Kings 9:13
  24. ^ Leviticus 23:40
  25. ^ Reidar Hvalvik, "Christ Proclaiming His Law to the Apostles: The Traditio Legis-Motif in Early Christian Art and Literature," in The New Testament and Early Christian Literature in Greco-Roman Context: Studies in Honor of David E. Aune (Brill, 2006), p. 432
  26. ^ Vioque, Guillermo Galán (2002). Martial, Book VII: A Commentary. Translated by J.J. Zoltowski. Brill. pp. 61, 206, 411.
  27. .
  28. ^ Warren W. Wiersbe, The Wiersbe Bible Commentary (David C. Cook, 2007), p. 272.
  29. ^ Vioque 2002, p. 61.
  30. ^ John Pairman Brown, Israel and Hellas (De Gruyter, 2000), vol. 2, pp. 254ff.
  31. .
  32. ^ Revelation 7:9
  33. ^ 1 Kings 6:29
  34. ^ Revelation 7:9
  35. ^ Matthew 21:1–9
  36. ^ "Palm Sunday Marks Start of Holy Week". www.christianpost.com. 28 March 2010. Archived from the original on 30 October 2019. Retrieved 30 October 2019.
  37. ^ Staff, Woman's Day (4 March 2019). "When Is Palm Sunday? Here's Everything You Need to Know". Woman's Day. Archived from the original on 30 October 2019. Retrieved 30 October 2019.
  38. ^ Psalms 24
  39. ^ a b The Book of Worship for Church and Home: With Orders of Worship, Services for the Administration of the Sacraments and Other Aids to Worship According to the Usages of the Methodist Church. Methodist Publishing House. 1964. p. 101. Archived from the original on 12 June 2019. Retrieved 25 March 2017.
  40. OCLC 28422673.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link
    )
  41. ^ "Palm Sunday". Archived from the original on 6 April 2020. Retrieved 27 March 2020.
  42. ^ Frood & Graves p. 10
  43. ^ Väänänen, Vuokko (21 March 2016). "Virvon varvon tuoreeks terveeks…". Värtsilän verkkolehti. Archived from the original on 26 September 2017. Retrieved 25 September 2017.
  44. .
  45. ^ "National / Kerala : Traditional services mark Palm Sunday". The Hindu. 18 April 2011. Retrieved 10 June 2012.
  46. ^ Joyce, P. W. (26 November 2019). "English As We Speak It in Ireland". Good Press – via Google Books.
  47. ^ a b "Palm Sunday in old Ireland - World Cultures European". www.irishcultureandcustoms.com.
  48. ^ Year, the Fading (28 March 2021). "Irish Folklore for Palm Sunday – Domhnach an Iúir".
  49. ^ "5 Fascinating Irish Palm Sunday traditions you might not know about". Aleteia — Catholic Spirituality, Lifestyle, World News, and Culture. 9 April 2022.
  50. ^ "Archives". Mirabilis.ca. June 2012. Archived from the original on 27 October 2007.
  51. ^ "Latvia | Baltic Tenacity". u.osu.edu. Retrieved 16 May 2022.
  52. .
  53. ^ "Ilocoslovakia and the youth in me - HERALD EXPRESS | News in Cordillera and Northern Luzon". 16 April 2017. Retrieved 2 May 2022.
  54. ^ "The Easter Palm Sunday". Realpoland.eu. Archived from the original on 10 April 2017. Retrieved 5 April 2018.
  55. ^ "You want to know more about Easter Traditions in Romania?". 5 December 2019.
  56. ^ "Moldovan Christians celebrate Palm Sunday". 8 April 2012.
  57. ^ "Duminica Floriilor – the Palm Sunday". 13 April 2017.
  58. ^ "The city of Elche, known for its arts and crafts tradition, in Spain is Culture". Spainisculture.com. Archived from the original on 15 October 2017. Retrieved 5 April 2018.
  59. ^ Murtaugh, Taysha; Hanrahan, Laura (9 March 2020). "Need Some Easter Sunday Outfit Ideas? Here Are A Few Fashionable (and Affordable) Looks". Woman's Day. Retrieved 15 May 2020.
  60. ^ Matthews, William (1786). The miscellaneous companions, Vol. I Being a short tour of observation and sentiment, through a part of South Wales. pp. 50–51.
  61. ^ Malkin (1904). The Scenery, Antiquities, and Biography of South Wales from materials collected during two excursions in the year 1803. Embellished with views drawn on the spot and engraved by Laporte and a map of the county. pp. 67–69.

Bibliography

External links

Sundays of the Easter cycle
Preceded by
Fifth Sunday of Lent
Palm Sunday
March 24, 2024
Succeeded by