Pandit Lekh Ram
British India | |
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Cause of death | Assassination |
Known for |
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Pandit Lekh Ram (April 1858 – 6 March 1897) was a 19th-century social reformer, publicist, and writer from Punjab, India. He was the leader of the radical wing within the
Early life
Pandit Lekh Ram was born in April 1858 in a small village of Sayyedpur,
Activities
After joining the Peshawar Arya Samaj Lekh Ram began actively propagating the teachings of the Samaj and
Lekh Ram and Islam
While Dayanand Saraswati's polemics against Islam largely addressed doctrinal issues, later Samaj writers, including Lekh Ram, drew more heavily upon historical conflicts between Hindus and Muslims as well as the communal tensions of nineteenth century Punjab in an attempt to tie them with Islamic doctrine. Unlike their disputes with the Christians, the struggle between the Samajists and the Muslims quickly came to centre around two figures—Lekh Ram himself, representing the Samaj as a reformed Hinduism, and Mirza Ghulam Ahmad (1835–1908), the founder of the Ahmadiyya movement which claimed to be a revitalized Islam.[9] In their general critique of Islam, the Samajists often targeted Ahmad and his claims to spiritual authority specifically.[10] When Ahmad published the Surma-i-Chashm-i-Arya (Antimony to Open the Eyes of the Aryas), Lekh Ram wrote Nuskha-i-Khabt-i-Ahmadiyya (A Prescription for the Madness of the Ahmadiyya).[11] Following Ahmad's Barahin-i-Ahmadiyya (The Muhammadan Proofs), Lekh Ram published his refutation titled Takzeeb Barahin-i-Ahmadiyya (Falsification of the Barahin-i-Ahmadiyya),[12] opening up a series of disputations between the two sides. In 1892, Lekh Ram published his controversial treatise, Risala-i-Jihad ya'ni Din-i-Muhammadi ki Buniyad (A Treatise on Holy War or the Basis of the Muhammadan Religion).[13] The treatise—which drew and expanded upon Dayanand's Satyarth Prakash (The Light of Truth), a work which also criticized Christianity, Buddhism and Sikhism—accused Islam of being a warlike and sensual faith and escalated already existing communal tensions between Hindus and Muslims in the early 1890s.[14]
The subject of prophecy
Amid the polemical exchanges, Mirza Ghulam Ahmad published an announcement in 1893 in which he prophesied that Lekh Ram will face divine punishment and die in violent circumstances within six years, speaking of him as a "lifeless bellowing calf",[15][16] and stated that the fateful day will be very close to the Muslim festival of Eid.[17]
Assassination
Four years later, on 6 March 1897, the day following Eid, Lekh Ram was stabbed to death
Works
All his 33 works have been collectively published under the name Kulyaat-e-Arya Musafir by Mahashe Keeshat Dev manager Sattya Dharam Parcharak Haridwar at the Printing Press of Rai Sahib Munshi Gulab Singh Mufeed-e-Aam Press Lahore (1903).[28]
1. Tareekh-e-Dunya
2. Saboot-e-Tanasukh
3. Shri Krishn ka jeevan Charitra
4. Stree Shiksha
5. Stree Shiksha ke wasail
6. Namaste ki Tahqeeqat
7. Shrimad Devi Bhaagvat Pareeksha
8. Puranas Kisne Banai
9. Dharam Parchar
10. Patap Udharan
11. Murda Zaroor Jalana Chahiye
12. Murti Parkash
13. Itre Roohani
14. Saanch ko Aanch Nahi
15. Ram Chadar Ji ka Sacha Darshan
16. Christian Mat Darpan
17. Masal Neug
18. Sadaqat-e-Rigved
19. Nijaat Ki Asli Tareef
20. Sache Dharam ki Shahadat
21. Sadaqat-e-Ilham
22. Sadaqat-e-Usool wa Taleem Aray Samaj
23. Takzeeb-e-Barahin Ahmadiyya Volume 1
24. Takzeeb-e-Barahin Ahmadiyya Volume 2
25. Nuskha Khabte Ahmadiyya
26. Ibtaal Basharaat-e-Ahmadiyya
27. Risala Jihaad
28. Izhaar-e-Haq
29. Hujjat-ul-Islam
30. Rah-e-Nijaat
31. Sadaqat Dharam Arya
32. Radd-e-Khil’at Islam
33. Ayeena-e-Shafa’at
References
- ISBN 0-520-02920-8.
- ISBN 9780883864555.
- ISBN 978-0-231-70094-8.
- ISBN 978-0-231-70094-8.
- ISBN 0-520-02920-8.
- ISBN 0-520-02920-8.
- ^ The Journal of Asian Studies - Volume 28, Issues 1-2, Page 45.
- ISBN 0-520-02920-8.
- ISBN 0-520-02920-8.
- ISBN 0-520-02920-8.
- ISBN 0-520-02920-8.
- ^ See Kulyat-e-Arya Musafir [Kulyat-e-Arya Musafir by Mahashe Keeshat Dev manager Sattya Dharam Parcharak Haridwar at the Printing Press of Rai Sahib Munshi Gulab Singh Mufeed-e-Aam Press Lahore (1903).]
- ISBN 965-264-014-X.
- ISBN 0-520-02920-8.
- ISBN 965-264-014-X.
- ISBN 978-0-231-70094-8.
- ISBN 978-1-4742-7173-8.
- ISBN 978-1-4742-7173-8.
- ISBN 0-520-02920-8.
- ISBN 0-520-02920-8.
- ISBN 0-520-02920-8.
- ISBN 0-520-02920-8.
- ISBN 965-264-014-X.
- ISBN 0-520-02920-8.
- ISBN 965-264-014-X.
- ISBN 978-0-231-70094-8.
- ISBN 0-520-02920-8.
- ^ List of Lekh Ram's Works (Title Page) Kulyaat-e-Arya Musafir by Mahashe Keeshat Dev manager Sattya Dharam Parcharak Haridwar at the Printing Press of Rai Sahib Munshi Gulab Singh Mufeed-e-Aam Press Lahore (1903).