Panion

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Coordinates: 40°54′26″N 27°28′01″E / 40.907132°N 27.466995°E / 40.907132; 27.466995
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Panion (

Marmara Sea, on the site of the modern settlement of Barbaros in Tekirdağ Province, Turkey
.

History

The settlement dates to antiquity, perhaps founded by the Thracians.[1] Known as Panion, Panias, or Panis ("place dedicated to Pan") in antiquity.[1]

Early and middle Byzantine periods

The city walls were restored sometime between 383 and 403,

Leo I the Thracian (r. 457–474) on the saint Proterius of Alexandria.[3] In the 6th-century Synecdemus, Panion is listed as one of the cities of the Roman province of Europa.[1] In the 536 Synod of Constantinople, Andreas, the "bishop of the Paniots, that is the Theodosiopolitans", took part.[4] The name of Theodosiopolis apparently survived until the middle Byzantine period, as a—now lost—border marker with the inscription kastron Theodospolis is known from the 8th/10th century.[5]

A bishop Justin is known from an inscription of the 6th/7th centuries, Reginus participated in the

Michael II the Amorian even after Thomas' death in October 823. Only after the city walls were damaged by an earthquake in February 824, did the inhabitants of the two cities surrender.[8][9] Repairs to the city on Imperial orders are attested in an inscription variously dated to 824/829 or 842/856. Another inscription, dated to the 9th century but possibly earlier, mentions repairs undertaken by the bishop Theodore.[9]

A number of lead seals from the 9th–12th centuries attest to the existence of a bishop Acindynus (9th/10th century), an archpriest Michael (10th/11th century), an unnamed

al-Idrisi visited the city of (Banedhos) in the middle of the century, and praised its spacious streets and its shops.[10]

Latin rule, late Byzantine period and the Ottoman conquest

In the

Roman Catholic bishop resided in Panion (Panadensem), attested since 1208.[9]

With the decline and conquest of the Latin Empire by the

Rhaidestos, and Selymbria, to his son Andronikos IV Palaiologos and his grandson John VII Palaiologos. It is unclear whether the Byzantines had retaken it in the meantime, as this is not mentioned in the sources, and it is possible that this deed represented a nominal transfer of territories not actually under Byzantine control at the time.[12] The town was returned to Byzantine control in the 1403 Treaty of Gallipoli, but some Turkish troops may have remained garrisoned there. At any rate, the town was quickly lost again, perhaps as early as the 1410s.[12] The town is most frequently mentioned during this time as a place of shipment of grain, particularly for supplying Constantinople.[12]

The settlement remained predominantly Greek-populated under Ottoman rule, numbering 1,748 Greek inhabitants as late as 1922.[12]

Notable people


References

  1. ^ a b c d e f Külzer 2008, p. 562.
  2. ^ Külzer 2008, pp. 562, 672.
  3. ^ Külzer 2008, p. 672.
  4. ^ Külzer 2008, pp. 562, 672–673.
  5. ^ Külzer 2008, p. 673.
  6. ^ Treadgold 1988, p. 202.
  7. ^ Külzer 2008, pp. 562–563.
  8. ^ Treadgold 1988, p. 242.
  9. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Külzer 2008, p. 563.
  10. ^ Külzer 2008, pp. 562, 563.
  11. ^ Külzer 2008, pp. 563–564.
  12. ^ a b c d Külzer 2008, p. 564.

Sources

  • Külzer, Andreas (2008). Tabula Imperii Byzantini: Band 12, Ostthrakien (Eurōpē) (in German). Vienna: Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften.
    ISBN 978-3-7001-3945-4
    .
  • ISBN 0-8047-1462-2
    .

40°54′26″N 27°28′01″E / 40.907132°N 27.466995°E / 40.907132; 27.466995


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