Pannonian Rusyns
Pannonian Rusyn | |
Religion | |
---|---|
Eastern Catholicism Eastern Orthodoxy | |
Related ethnic groups | |
Slovaks, other East Slavs Especially Ukrainians, Boykos, Hutsuls, Lemkos, and other Rusyns |
Pannonian Rusyns (
In some non-
Geographical Pannonian adjective is used as a neutral term of convenience, since the previous geographical ethnonym (Yugoslav Rusyns) became significantly reduced in scope after the
Pannonian Rusyns are descendants of 18th-century migrant communities, that came from northeastern (
History
During the 18th century, state authorities of the
During the following years, process of Rusyn colonization was intensified, and on 17 January 1751, regional administrator of Bačka, Franz Joseph von Redl signed an agreement with Mihajlo Munkači from the village of Červenovo, in the county of
As the population grew, many families from Krstur and Kucura migrated to the town of Novi Sad in 1766 and 1767. The census from 1767 for the whole Bács-Bodrog County (which then was part of Habsburg Monarchy and today comprises Bačka region in Serbia and Hungary) shows about 2.000 Rusyns. Later, Rusyns settled in Šid and Vajska, and in the early 19th century in Vukovar and Ilok. In Petrovci, Rusyns started to settle in 1833, and later in Bačinci in 1834.[14]
Rusyns in former Yugoslavia
After the
After the
In spite of the fact that constitutional and legal recognition of Rusyn minority and its language in Vojvodina (Serbia) was achieved already in 1963/1969, some authors have overlooked those developments, and also claimed (persistently, in several works) that such recognition occurred later, in 1974,[20][21][22][23][24][25][26] thus revealing the lack of basic knowledge on the evolution of Rusyn rights in former Yugoslavia. Those early developments (1963/1969) are also omitted from some scholarly analyses that are dedicated explicitly to the legal status of Rusyns in Vojvodina.[27][28]
During the same period, Rusyn minority was also recognized in the Yugoslav federal unit of
In terms of their cultural development in socialist Yugoslavia, Rusyns had several institutions and organizations. Already in 1945, а publishing establishment, called the Rusyn Word (
Rusyns in modern Serbia and Croatia
After the breakup of Yugoslavia (1991–1992), its successor states continued to recognize Rusyns as a distinct national minority. In Croatia, they are officially recognized (under constitutional provisions from 1997) as an autochthonous national minority and as such, they elect a special representative to the Croatian Parliament, shared with members of eleven other national minorities.[33]
In Serbia, recognition of Rusyn minority and its language was confirmed by the provincial statutes of Vojvodina (2009, 2014). Since 2002, Rusyns in Serbia have their autonomously elected representative body, the National Council of the Rusyn National Minority (Rusyn: Национални совит рускей националней меншини), headquartered in Ruski Krstur (the largest Rusyn settlement in Serbia). At the Faculty of Philosophy (University of Novi Sad), Rusyn studies were expanded in 2002, and the Department of Rusynistics (Rusyn: Одсек за русинистику) was established. In 2008, the Institute for Culture of Rusyns in Vojvodina (Rusyn: Завод за културу войводянских Руснацох) was founded, centered in Novi Sad.[34][35]
Demographics
Rusyns in modern states of Serbia and Croatia mostly live in the autonomous province of Vojvodina (Serbia), and in the region of Slavonia (Croatia). The census from 1991 in those regions (then within former Yugoslavia) shows about 25.000 Rusyns. Currently, the number of Rusyns declines and is estimated to be about 15.000. The main reason for this is the economic migration, since the increasing number of Rusyns is deciding to move to western countries, particularly to Canada.[36]
There are 14,246 declared ethnic Rusyns in Serbia (2011 census). In terms of religious affiliation, 94,91% declared as Christians (75,43% Catholics, 18,53% Orthodox, 0,7% Protestansts).[37]
The village of
There are Rusyn communities in
- Serbia
- Ruski Krstur (86%, 2002)
- Bikić Do (47,62%, 2002)
- Kucura (47,18%, 2002)
- Đurđevo (23,30%, 2002)
- Croatia
- Petrovci, Croatia (57,17%, 1991)
Language
Rusyns in Serbia and Croatia consider their
Rusyn is one of the six official languages of provincial administration in Vojvodina, while in Croatia it is officially used in two settlements.[40]
Notable people
- Jaša Bakov, Rusyn athlete and activist from Serbia
- Mihail Dudaš, Rusyn athlete from Serbia
- Đura Džudžar, Rusyn bishop from Serbia
- Ljubomir Fejsa, Rusyn footballer from Serbia
- Joakim Herbut, Rusyn bishop from Serbia
- Ivan Lenđer, Rusyn swimmer from Serbia
- Slavomir Miklovš, Rusyn bishop from Serbia
- Olena Papuga, Rusyn politician from Serbia
- Silvester Takač, Rusyn footballer from Serbia
- Danijela Štajnfeld, Rusyn actress from Serbia
References
- ^ National Council of the Rusyn National Minority (Serbia)
- ^ Savez Rusina Republike Hrvatske
- ^ Sakač 2019, p. 1-18.
- ^ Рамач, Фејса & Међеши 1997, p. 447-448.
- ^ Magocsi 2011, p. 177.
- ^ Magocsi 2015, p. 2-5.
- ^ Fejsa 1998, p. 56-67.
- ^ Medješi 1993, p. 143.
- ^ Jankulov 1961.
- ^ Magocsi 2015.
- ^ Barić 2007, p. 90.
- ^ Fejsa 2015, p. 193-194.
- ^ Лабош 1979, p. 182-205.
- ^ Лабош 1979.
- ^ Biljnja 1987.
- ^ Magocsi 2015, p. 242-243.
- ^ Службени гласник (1963): Устав Социјалистичке Републике Србије
- ^ Катунин 2015a, p. 232-233.
- ^ Уставни закон Социјалистичке Аутономне Покрајине Војводине (1969)
- ^ Magocsi 1992, p. 220.
- ^ Magocsi 1999a, p. 22, 356.
- ^ Magocsi & Pop 2005, p. 190, 534.
- ^ Fejsa 2014, p. 184.
- ^ Fejsa 2015, p. 195.
- ^ Fejsa 2017b, p. 69.
- ^ Fejsa 2018, p. 370.
- ^ Катунин 2015b, p. 235–250.
- ^ Катунин 2016, p. 271–284.
- ^ Narodne novine (1972): Amandmani na Ustav Socijalističke Republike Hrvatske
- ^ Narodne novine (1974): Ustav Socijalističke Republike Hrvatske
- ^ Trier 1999, p. 63, 67.
- ^ Harasowska 1999, p. 2.
- ^ "Pravo pripadnika nacionalnih manjina u Republici Hrvatskoj na zastupljenost u Hrvatskom saboru". Zakon o izborima zastupnika u Hrvatski sabor (in Croatian). Croatian Parliament. Retrieved 2011-12-29.
- ^ National Council of the Rusyn National Minority (Serbia)
- ^ Filozofski fakultet u Novom Sadu: Rusinistika
- ^ "Blic Online | Reportaža | Sa bačke crnice na led i sneg Kanade". Archived from the original on 2009-03-06. Retrieved 2009-02-28.
- ^ Лађевић 2014, p. 192, 194.
- ^ Fejsa 2018, p. 367–378.
- ^ Fejsa 2017a, p. 165–178.
- Ministry of Justice (Croatia). 2011-04-12. Archived from the originalon 2013-12-27. Retrieved 2012-02-08.
Other sources
- Barić, Eugenija (2007). Rusinski jezik u procjepu prošlosti i sadašnjosti. Zagreb: Institut za hrvatski jezik i jezikoslovlje. ISBN 9789536637348.
- Biljnja, Vladimir (1987). Rusini u Vojvodini: Prilog izučavanju istorije Rusina Vojvodine (1918-1945). Novi Sad: Dnevnik.
- Fejsa, Mihajlo P. (1998). "Yugoslav Rusyns: Identity, Culture, Education, Religion". National Minorities in Vojvodina: Proceedings. Novi Sad: Association des etats généraux etudiants de l'Europe. pp. 56–67.
- Fejsa, Mihajlo P. (2014). "The Ruthenian journey from the Carpathian mountains to the Panonian Plain". Русин: Международный исторический журнал. 36 (2): 182–191.
- Fejsa, Mihajlo P. (2015). "The Preservаtion of the Rusyn Language and Culture in Serbia/Vojvodina". A Jubilee Collection: Essays in Honor of Professor Paul Robert Magocsi on his 70th Birthday. Uzhhorod: Valerii Padiak Publishers. pp. 193–202.
- Fejsa, Mihajlo P. (2017a). "The improvement of the orthographic rules in the Bachka-Srem Rusin Language". Русин: Международный исторический журнал. 50 (4): 165–178.
- Fejsa, Mihajlo P. (2017b). "Ruthenian Minority in Vojvodina and its Language". Balkanistic Forum. 26 (3): 66–77.
- Fejsa, Mihajlo P. (2018). "Verb forms/constructions in the Prešov variant and the Bačka-Srem variant of the Rusyn language". Studia Slavica. 63 (2): 367–378. S2CID 145920941.
- Harasowska, Marta (1999). Morphophonemic Variability, Productivity, and Change: The Case of Rusyn. Berlin-New York: Mouton de Gruyter. ISBN 9783110157611.
- Катунин, Дмитрий А. (2015a). "Языковые права русинов, украинцев и других национальных меньшинств в законодательстве Республики Сербия". Русин: Международный исторический журнал. 39 (1): 229–238.
- Катунин, Дмитрий А. (2015b). "Русинский язык и языки других национальных меньшинств в законодательстве Воеводины: Статья 1". Русин: Международный исторический журнал. 42 (4): 235–250.
- Катунин, Дмитрий А. (2016). "Русинский язык и языки других национальных меньшинств в законодательстве Воеводины: Статья 2". Русин: Международный исторический журнал. 43 (1): 271–284.
- Jankulov, Borislav (1961). Pregled kolonizacije Vojvodine u XVIII i XIX veku (1. ed.). Novi Sad: Matica srpska.
- Лађевић, Петар, ed. (2014). Етноконфесионални и језички мозаик Србије (PDF). Београд: Републички завод за статистику.
- Лабош, Федор (1979). История Русинох Бачкей, Сриму и Славониї 1745-1918. Вуковар: Союз Русинох и Українцох Горватской.
- JSTOR 40870573.
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- ISBN 9780880334389.
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- Magocsi, Paul R. (2011). "The Fourth Rus': A New Reality in a New Europe"(PDF). Journal of Ukrainian Studies. 35-36 (2010-2011): 167–177.
- ISBN 9786155053467.
- Medješi, Ljubomir (1993). "The Problem of Cultural Borders in the History of Ethnic Groups: The Yugoslav Rusyns". The Persistence of Regional Cultures: Rusyns and Ukrainians in Their Carpathian Homeland and Abroad. Boulder: East European Monographs. pp. 139–162. ISBN 9780880332620.
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- Ramač, Janko (2018). "Osnovni pravci, težnje i dileme u kulturno-prosvetnom i nacionalnom životu Rusina u Jugoslaviji (1945-1970)" (PDF). Київські історичні студії. 6 (1): 63–73.
- Рамач, Јулијан; Фејса, Михајло; Међеши, Хелена, eds. (1995). Српско-русински речник (PDF). Vol. 1. Нови Сад: Филозофски факултет - Катедра за русински језик и књижевност, Друштво за русински језик и књижевност.
- Рамач, Јулијан; Фејса, Михајло; Међеши, Хелена, eds. (1997). Српско-русински речник (PDF). Vol. 2. Београд-Нови Сад: Завод за уџбенике и наставна средства, Филозофски факултет - Катедра за русински језик и књижевност, Друштво за русински језик и књижевност.
- Sakač, Marija (2019). "Narratives of ethnic identity and language among young Pannonian Ruthenians in Serbia". Adeptus. 14: 1–18.
- Slivka, John (1973). Correct nomenclature: Greek rite or Byzantine rite: Rusin or Ruthenian: Rusin or Slovak?. Brooklyn, N.Y.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - Slivka, John (1989) [1977]. Who are we? Nationality: Rusin, Russian, Ruthenian, Slovak? Ecclesiastical name: Greek Rite Catholic, Byzantine Rite Catholic? (2. ed.). Brooklyn, N.Y.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - Trier, Tom, ed. (1999). Focus on the Rusyns: International Colloquium on the Rusyns of East Central Europe. Copenhagen: Danish Cultural Institute. ISBN 9788774290940.