Panorama
A panorama (formed from
A panoramic view is also purposed for multimedia, cross-scale applications to an outline overview (from a distance) along and across repositories. This so-called "cognitive panorama" is a panoramic view over, and a combination of,
History
The device of the panorama existed in painting, particularly in
Cartographic experiments during the Enlightenment era preceded European panorama painting and contributed[5] to a formative impulse toward panoramic vision and depiction.
This novel perspective was quickly conveyed to America by Benjamin Franklin who was present for the first manned balloon flight by the Montgolfier brothers in 1783, and by the American-born physician, John Jeffries who had joined French aeronaut Jean Pierre Blanchard on flights over England and the first aerial crossing of the English Channel in 1785.[6]
As popular spectacle
In the mid-19th century,
Inventor Sir Francis Ronalds developed a machine to remove errors in perspective that were created when a sequence of planar sketches was combined into a cylinder. It also projected the cylindrical drawing onto the wall of the rotunda at much larger scale to enable its accurate painting. The apparatus was exhibited at the Royal Polytechnic Institution in the early 1840s.[10]
Large scale installations enhance the illusion for an audience of being surrounded with a real landscape. The
In addition to these historical examples, there have been panoramas painted and installed in modern times; prominent among these is the Velaslavasay Panorama
Photographs
Panoramic photography soon came to displace painting as the most common method for creating wide views. Not long after the introduction of the Daguerreotype in 1839, photographers began assembling multiple images of a view into a single wide image.[15] In the late 19th century, flexible film enabled the construction of panoramic cameras using curved film holders and clockwork drives to rotate the lens in an arc and thus scan an image encompassing almost 180 degrees.[citation needed]
Pinhole cameras of a variety of constructions can be used to make panoramic images. A popular design is the "oatmeal box", a vertical cylindrical container in which the pinhole is made in one side and the film or photographic paper is wrapped around the inside wall opposite, and extending almost right to the edge of, the pinhole. This generates an egg-shaped image with more than 180° view.[16]
Popular in the 1970s and 1980s, but now superseded by digital presentation software,
VR photographs
Digital photography of the late twentieth century greatly simplified this assembly process, which is now known as image stitching. Such stitched images may even be fashioned into forms of
Motion picture
On rare occasions, 360° panoramic movies have been constructed for specially designed display spaces—typically at
Non-photographic representations
Panoramic representation can be generated from
See also
- Circle-Vision
- Comparison of photo stitching software
- Cyclorama
- Diorama
- EveryScape
- Google Street View
- International Panorama Council
- Leme panoramic camera
- Moving panorama
- Multi-image
- Omnidirectional camera
- Panoramic painting
- Panoramic photography
- Panoramic tripod head
- Route panorama
- Widescreen
References
- ^ A Review of ‘The Panoramic River,’ at the Hudson River Museum - NYTimes.com
- ^ "Motion picture - Expressive elements of motion pictures". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 2018-06-13.
- ^ For more see the International Encyclopedia of Systems and Cybernetics.
- ISBN 978-0-262-07241-0
- ^ as argued in Oettermann, Stephan, The Panorama: History of a Mass Medium. trans. Deborah Lucas Schneider (New York: Zone Books, 1997)
- ^ John Jeffries. Two Voyages of Dr Jeffries with Mons. Blanchard (London. 1786: reprint, New York: Aeronautical Archive of the Institute of the Aeronautical Sciences and the Works Projects Administration. 1941), 17, 20.
- ^ The USA Library of Congress holds 1,172 images of panoramic maps of American towns and cities [1] and the British Library has panoramas of UK cities and towns, and of many in its colonies [2]
- ^ This reference, the earliest found so far, is suggested by Scott Wilcox in 'Erfindung und Entwicklung des Panoramas in Grossbritannien', Sehsucht. Das Panorama als Massenunterhaltung des 19 Jahrhunderts, edited by Marie-Louise von Plessen, Ulrich Giersch. Basel and Frankfurt am Main: Stroemfeld/Roter Stern, 1993, p. 35 (note 11)
- ^ Grovier, Kelly. "The surprising history of the word 'dude'". www.bbc.com. Retrieved 2020-04-14.
- ISBN 978-1-78326-917-4.
- ISBN 978-0-8047-8240-1p.91)
- ^ Bernard Comment (2004),Panorama, Reaktion Books, page 214
- ^ Marty Olmstead (2002), Hidden Georgia, Ulysses Press, page 204
- ^ Jan Stanisław Kopczewski (1976), Kosciuszko and Pulaski, Interpress, page 220
- ^ for example, the Cincinnati Panorama (1848), a daguerreotype by Charles Fontayne and William S. Porter. 6½ x 68 inches (15.24 by 21.59 cm). Held at the Public Library of Cincinnati and Hamilton County. http://www.ohiomemory.org/cdm/ref/collection/p267401coll36/id/4168
- ^ Eric Renner (2008). Pinhole photography from historic technique to digital application (4th ed). Amsterdam Focal Press pps. 129-140
- ISBN 978-0-87985-327-3.
- ^ "ALMA Panoramic View with Carina Nebula". ESO Picture of the Week. Retrieved 12 November 2013.
- ISBN 1452063125
- ^ McAdoo, B. G., Richardson, N., & Borrero, J. (2007). Inundation distances and run‐up measurements from ASTER, QuickBird and SRTM data, Aceh coast, Indonesia. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 28(13-14), 2961-2975.
- ^ Fedorov, R., Fraternali, P., & Tagliasacchi, M. (2014, November). Mountain peak identification in visual content based on coarse digital elevation models. In Proceedings of the 3rd ACM International Workshop on Multimedia Analysis for Ecological Data (pp. 7-11). ACM.
Further reading
- Altick, Richard (1978). The Shows of London. Harvard University Press. ISBN 0674807316, 9780674807310
- Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Panorama". Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
- Garrison, Laurie et al., editors (2013). Panoramas, 1787–1900 Texts and contexts Five volumes, 2,000pp. Pickering and Chatto. ISBN 978-1848930155
- Marsh, John L. "Drama and Spectacle by the Yard: The Panorama in America." Journal of Popular Culture 10, no. 3 (1976): 581–589.
- Oettermann, Stephan (1997). The Panorama: History of a mass medium. MIT Press. ISBN 0942299833, 9780942299830
- Oleksijczuk, Denise (2011). The First Panoramas: Visions of British Imperialism. University of Minnesota Press. ISBN 978-0-8166-4860-3
External links
- Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 20 (11th ed.). 1911. p. 681. .
- Peak finder