Orders, decorations, and medals of the Holy See
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The orders, decorations, and medals of the Holy See include
Some of these honours are defunct or currently dormant, while some are still actively conferred.
Chivalric orders
Papal orders of knighthood or Pontifical orders of knighthood are
The Papal Orders of Knighthood comprise five orders awarded directly by the Holy See and two others which it 'recognises and supports': the Sovereign Military Order of Malta and the Equestrian Order of the Holy Sepulchre of Jerusalem. (The term equestrian in this context refers to the nature of these orders as knightly - conferring knighthood on members - derived from the Equestrians (Equites), a social class of Ancient Rome.)
- Supreme Order of Christ (no members as of 31 July 1993)
- Order of the Golden Spur (no members as of 23 April 2019)
- Order of Pius IX
- Order of Saint Gregory the Great
- Order of Saint Sylvester
Of the papal orders, the highest and most infrequently awarded is the
- The awards of the Orders of Christ and the Golden Spur are made at the express wish of the Pope in consultation with the Cardinal Secretary of State.
- Awards of the Order of Pius IX (or Pian Order) are made to heads of state and senior members of their household at the time of official visits to the Holy See, to senior members of diplomatic missions accredited to the Vatican, and exceptionally, to those who have particularly served the Pope or the Holy See, at the discretion of the Cardinal Secretary of State.
- Awards of the Order of Saint Gregory the Great and the Order of Saint Sylvester are generally made on the recommendation of apostolic nuncio.
Supreme Order of Christ
Tracing its origins to the dissolution of the
During a reorganisation of the Papal orders in 1905,
Order of the Golden Spur/Militia
The second highest Papal order is the
Order of Pius IX
The third highest Papal order is the
Order of Saint Gregory the Great
The fourth highest Papal order is the
Order of Saint Sylvester Pope and Martyr
The fifth highest Papal order is the
Orders under the protection of the Holy See
The term
Several military religious orders were established at the time of, and since, the Crusades. Of these, only the Order of the Holy Sepulchre and the Order of Malta are recognised by the Holy See.[9]
The Sovereign Military Order of Malta is a sovereign order of chivalry. The Order and the Holy See exchange ambassadors. The Pope is not Sovereign of the Order nor does he appoint members to the ranks of knighthood. He is, however, the first to be informed following the election of the Grand Master and appoints a Cardinal Protector of the Order. The Grand Master, a lay professed religious, ranks as a Cardinal of the Holy Roman Church and his accorded the title Eminent Highness and Prince.
Order of the Holy Sepulchre
The Equestrian Order of the Holy Sepulchre of Jerusalem traces its founding to the
Sovereign Military Order of Malta
The Order of Malta also traces its history to the late 11th century, but it first became a religious military order by a bull of Pope Paschal II of 1113. The Grand Master is elected by the Council Complete of State of the Order[12] and serves for life or until abdication. Before a person elected as the Grand Master takes the oath of office, the Pope must be informed of the election.[13] The Pope also appoints the Cardinal Patron and a prelate of the Order.[14]
Defunct/dormant orders
- Order of Saint Cecilia
- Order of Saint John of the Lateran
- Order of Saint Sylvester and the Militia Aurarta
- Order of the Moor
- Knights of Pius
Other Catholic chivalric orders
Historically, many
In response to a proliferation of self-proclaimed chivalric orders claiming recognition from the Roman Catholic Church, the Holy See's
The Teutonic Order is no longer an order of chivalry, but is a purely religious order within the Roman Church.[17] The Teutonic Order was founded as a hospital brotherhood in 1190 in Acre, Israel. In 1198, the Order became a religious military order of chivalry. However, since 1929 it has been a purely religious order of priests, brothers and sisters, with a category of 12 honorary knights and an unlimited number of associates, known as Marianer. Its headquarters are in Vienna, Austria. The current Grand Master of the Teutonic Order is Frank Bayard.[18]
Other distinctions
Pro Ecclesia et Pontifice
The medal was established in 1888 and is awarded by the Pope to members of the clergy and laity for service to the Catholic Church and the Pope. Until 1996, it was the highest Papal decoration that could be awarded to women.[19]
Benemerenti medal
The Benemerenti Medal is awarded by the Pope to members of the clergy and laity for service to the Catholic Church. The tradition can be traced back to the 18th century.
Jerusalem Pilgrim's Cross
The Jerusalem Pilgrim's Cross was established in 1901. It is an honour awarded in the name of the Pope as a recognition of merit to pilgrims to the
Golden Rose
The Golden Rose is a gold ornament. Recipients have included churches and sanctuaries, royalty, military figures, and governments.
Defunct/dormant distinctions
- Blessed sword and hat
- Medal of Military Merit
- Fidei et Virtuti
- Pro Petri Sede
- Lauretan Cross
- Peter's Advocacy Cross
- Lateran Cross
Titles and honours
Political titles
Of ecclesiastical or religious authorities
- "
- Papal styles, i. e., sobriquets:
- His Holiness
- Prince of the Church:
- Prince-primate
- Prince-bishop, especially one of the two Co-Princes of Andorra (1278–)
- Prince-abbot
- Prince-provost
- Prince-Grand Master of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta (originally established as Prince of the Holy Roman Empirein 1607)
- Royal titles:
- Incomplete
- Royal styles, i. e., sobriquets:
- Hereditary royal styles:
- Kings of Hungary
- "Kings of Spain
- "Kings of France
- Kings of Portugal
- Personal royal styles:
- "King James V of Scotland
- "Protector and Defender of the Christian Faith" : King James IV of Scotland
- "
- Hereditary royal
Noble
- Papal nobility in se:
Clerical
- Hierarchy of the Catholic Church
- Ecclesiastical address
Lay members
- Papal Household
- Grand Master of the Sacred Apostolic Hospice
- Princes Assistant to the Pontifical Throne
- General Counsellor of the State of Vatican City
- Papal Swiss Guard
- Counsellors of the State of Vatican City
- President of the Pontifical Academy of Sciences
- Gentlemen of His Holiness
- Procurators of the Apostolic Palaces
- Antechamber
- Those in the personal service of the Pope
- Aide de Chambre
- Antechamber
See also
- Category:Catholic orders of chivalry
- Category:Catholic ecclesiastical decorations
- List of ecclesiastical decorations
References
- ^ a b de Bragança, José Vicente. "The Military Order of Christ and the Papal Croce di Cristo". Portuguese Military Orders. Archived from the original on 6 May 2008. Retrieved 14 April 2012.
- ^ Sainty, Guy Stair. "The Papal Orders". Chivalricorders.org. Archived from the original on 11 May 2008. Retrieved 14 April 2012.
- ^ a b c d e Rock, P.M.J. (1913). Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company. . In Herbermann, Charles (ed.).
- ^ Todorov, Borislav (15 April 1966). "Association of Papal Orders in Great Britain". PapalKnights.org.uk. Archived from the original on 6 March 2012. Retrieved 14 April 2012.
- ^ a b c d Sainty, Guy Stair. "History of the Papal Orders". Burke's Peerage. Archived from the original on 13 August 2007. Retrieved 14 April 2012.
- ^ World Orders of Knighthood & Merit. "Did you know?". wokm.co.uk. Retrieved 8 April 2012.
- ^ Todorov, Borislav. "Association of Papal Orders in Great Britain". PapalKnights.org.uk. Archived from the original on 6 February 2012. Retrieved 14 April 2012.
- ^ Sainty, Guy Stair (7 February 1905). "The Papal Order of Saint Gregory the Great". Chivalricorders.org. Retrieved 14 April 2012.
- ^ a b "Note of Clarification From the Secretariat of State". Vatican News. December 2012. Archived from the original on 18 October 2016.
- ^ "Equestrian Order of the Holy Sepulchre of Jerusalem". Vatican City. Grand Magisterium of OESSG. Retrieved 9 April 2012.
- ^ "Rinunce e Nomine, 15.03.2012". press.catholica.va. Retrieved 14 April 2012.[permanent dead link]
- ^ "Sovereign Order of Malta". Orderofmalta.int. 11 February 2018. Retrieved 11 February 2018.
- ^ Constitutional Charter 1998, Article 14.
- ^ "Sovereign Order of Malta". Orderofmalta.int. 11 March 2008. Retrieved 13 April 2012.
- ^ "Le Associazioni dei". www.icocregister.org.
- ^ "NOTE OF CLARIFICATION FROM THE SECRETARIAT OF STATE". Order Of Malta. 7 November 2012. Retrieved 20 November 2020.
- ^ Deutscher Orden. "Ausschließliche Authentizität des Deutschen Ordens". deutscher-orden.at. Retrieved 3 July 2019.
- Teutonic Knights. Retrieved 9 April 2012.
- ^ "Ehrenzeichen (auch als ""Ehrenkreuz"" bezeichnet) ""Pro Ecclesia et Pontefice""". Retrieved 30 April 2018.
- ^ "The decoration created by Leon XIII for the Holy Land Pilgrims". custodia.org. Gerusalemme - San Salvatore Convento Francescano St. Saviour's Monastery. Archived from the original on 17 November 2015. Retrieved 30 October 2015.
- ^ Fraser, Antonia. The Wives of Henry VIII. p. 95.
Sources and external links
- Noonan, Jr., James-Charles (1996). The Church Visible: The Ceremonial Life and Protocol of the Roman Catholic Church. Viking. p. 196. ISBN 0-670-86745-4.
- Orders, Decorations and Medals of the Vatican, by Megan Robertson (at Medals of the World website)
- The Knights of The Holy See by Alessandra Malesci Baccani, Office of the Knighthood of Honors and Heraldic, official website of the Italian government
- ISBN 978-3451376986