Papal coronation
A papal coronation is the formal ceremony of the placing of the
The papal inauguration celebration, with or without a coronation, has only symbolic significance, as a pope assumes office immediately on giving his consent to a valid election.
In Spanish, the term La Coronaciòn Pontificia (English: "Pontifical Coronation") is sometimes used for the canonical coronation of religious images through a formal, expressed Pontifical decree by a reigning pope.
Ritual
This section needs additional citations for verification. (July 2021) |
When a
The episcopal
Coronation Mass
The coronation took place on the first Sunday or Holy Day following the election. It began with a solemn
Following this, at least from the beginning of the 16th century, the newly elected pope was carried in state through St. Peter's Basilica on the
After the God, who are present without distinction whenever the devout mind invokes you, be present, we ask you, we and this your servant, __, who to the summit of the apostolic community has been chosen as the judge of your people, infuse with the highest blessings that he experience your gift who has reached this point.[7]
Then the
We supplicate you, Almighty God, effect your customary devotion and pour out on this your servant, __, the grace of the Holy Spirit that he who is constituted at the head of our church as the servant of the mystery, you would strengthen with the fullness of virtue.[8]
Finally the
God, who willed your Apostle Peter to hold first place in the inner fellowship of the apostles, that universal Christianity overcome evil, look propitiously we ask on this your servant, __, who from a humble position has suddenly been enthroned with the apostles on this same principal sublimity, that just as he has been raised to this exalted dignity, so may he likewise merit to accumulate virtue; in bearing the burden of the universal church, help him, make him worthy and for thee who are blessed may merits replace vices.[9]
Then, the senior
Accept the pallium, representing the plenitude of the Pontifical office, to the honour of Almighty God, and the most glorious Virgin Mary, his Mother, and the Blessed Apostles Peter and Paul, and the Holy Roman Church.[10][11]
In the 11th and 12th centuries, the immantatio, or bestowal of the
After the investiture with the pallium, the pope incensed the high altar and then went to the throne, placed on the choir side, between the Altar of the Confession and the Altar of the Chair, and there, during the singing of the Kyrie, he received again the obeisance of the cardinals, archbishops and bishops. Then the Mass continued. After the
Cantors: | Response: |
---|---|
Hear, O Christ[14] | Life to our lord, __, decreed by God as Supreme Pontiff and Universal Father[15] |
Savior of the world[16] | Grant him aid.[17] |
Savior of the world | Grant him aid. |
Savior of the world | Grant him aid. |
Saint Mary[18] | Grant him aid. |
Saint Mary | Grant him aid. |
Saint Michael[19] | Grant him aid. |
Etc. | etc.[20] |
As with all Papal High Masses, the Epistle and the Gospel were read in both Greek[21] and Latin and the pope communicated at his throne.[22]
Coronation
After the Mass, the new pope was crowned with the
Accipe tiaram tribus coronis ornatam, et scias te esse patrem principum et regum, rectorem orbis in terra vicarium Salvatoris nostri Jesu Christi, cui est honor et gloria in saecula saeculorum.
Receive the tiara adorned with three crowns, and know that you are the father of princes and kings, the ruler of the world, the vicar of our Savior Jesus Christ on earth, to whom be all honor and glory, world without end.[23][24]
Following his coronation, the pope imparted the solemn
Taking possession of the cathedral of the Bishop of Rome
The last act of the inauguration of a new pope is still the formal taking possession (possessio) of his
In ancient times, the letters that the pope sent to the patriarchs in token of being in communion with them in the same faith were called litterae inthronisticae or syllabai enthronistikai.[26]
Location of the ceremony
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The earliest papal coronations took place in
All coronations after 1800 took place in Rome.
Pius XII's 1939 coronation broke new ground by being the first to be filmed and the first to be broadcast live on radio.
Paul VI and the coronation
The last pope to be crowned was
His successor, Pope John Paul I, opted not to be crowned and to have instead a less elaborate "solemn Mass to mark the start of his ministry as Supreme Pastor" in September 1978.[30][31]
John Paul II and the coronation
After John Paul I's sudden death following a thirty-three-day reign, the new pope, John Paul II, opted to copy his predecessor's ceremony without coronation. In his homily at his inauguration Mass, he said that Paul VI had "left his successors free to decide" whether to wear the papal tiara.[32] He went on:
Pope John Paul I, whose memory is so vivid in our hearts, did not wish to have the tiara; nor does his Successor wish it today. This is not the time to return to a ceremony and an object considered, wrongly, to be a symbol of the temporal power of the Popes.
John Paul II's 1996
A number of papal tiaras are available for a future pope to use.[34]
List of papal coronations 1143–1963
This section needs additional citations for verification. (July 2021) |
Date | Location | Pope | Cardinal | Deaconry | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
3 October 1143 | Rome | Pope Celestine II | Gregorio Tarquini | SS. Sergio e Bacco | On 26 September he was consecrated bishop of Rome by Cardinal Alberic de Beauvais, bishop of Ostia. |
12 March 1144 | Rome | Pope Lucius II | Gregorio Tarquini | SS. Sergio e Bacco | On the same day he was consecrated bishop of Rome by Cardinal Alberic de Beauvais, bishop of Ostia. |
14 March 1145 | Abbey of Farfa
|
Pope Eugenius III
|
Odone Bonecase | S. Giorgio in Velabro | On 18 February he was consecrated bishop of Rome by Cardinal dean of the Sacred College of Cardinals .
|
12 July 1153 | Rome | Pope Anastasius IV | Odone Bonecase | S. Giorgio in Velabro | |
5 December 1154 | Rome | Pope Adrian IV | Probably by Cardinal Rodolfo | S. Lucia in Septisolio | Odone Fattiboni was absent (see papal election, 1154 )
|
20 September 1159 | Nympha | Pope Alexander III | Odone Bonecase | S. Giorgio in Velabro | On that same day, he was consecrated bishop of Rome by Cardinal Ubaldo Allucingoli, bishop of Ostia e Velletri. |
4 October 1159 | Abbey of Farfa | Antipope Victor IV (1159-1164)
|
Cardinal Icmar , bishop of Tusculum and dean of the Sacred College of Cardinals
|
||
22 July 1167 | Rome | Antipope Paschal III | On 22 April 1164 he was consecrated bishop of Rome at Lucca by prince-bishop of Liège (not a cardinal).
| ||
1168 | Rome | Antipope Callistus III
|
(?)[35] | ||
6 September 1181 | Velletri | Pope Lucius III | Teodino de Arrone, bishop of Porto e Santa Rufina.[36] | ||
1 December 1185 | Verona | Pope Urban III | (?) (probably by Cardinal Ardicio Rivoltella deacon of S. Teodoro[37]) | ||
25 October 1187 | Ferrara | Pope Gregory VIII | Giacinto Bobone Orsini | S. Maria in Cosmedin | On that same day he was consecrated bishop of Rome, probably by Cardinal Thibaud , bishop of Ostia e Velletri (?).
|
7 January 1188 | Pisa | Pope Clement III | Giacinto Bobone Orsini | S. Maria in Cosmedin | |
14 April 1191 | Rome | Pope Celestine III | Graziano da Pisa | SS. Cosma e Damiano | On that same day he was consecrated bishop of Rome by Cardinal Ottaviano di Paoli, bishop of Ostia e Velletri and sub-dean of the Sacred College of Cardinals |
22 February 1198 | Rome | Pope Innocent III | Graziano da Pisa | SS. Cosma e Damiano | On that same day, he was consecrated bishop of Rome by Cardinal Ottaviano di Paoli, bishop of Ostia e Velletri and sub-dean of the Sacred College of Cardinals |
31 August 1216 | Rome | Pope Honorius III | Guido Pierleone | S. Nicola in Carcere Tulliano | On 24 July, he was consecrated bishop of Rome by Cardinal Ugolino Conti di Segni, bishop of Ostia e Velletri. |
11 April 1227 | Rome | Pope Gregory IX | Ottaviano dei Conti di Segni | SS. Sergio e Bacco | |
28 June 1243 | Anagni | Pope Innocent IV | Rainiero Capocci
|
S. Maria in Cosmedin | On that same day, he was consectrated bishop of Rome, probably by Cardinal Rinaldo Conti di Segni, bishop of Ostia e Velletri and dean of the Sacred College of Cardinals (?). |
20 December 1254 | Naples | Pope Alexander IV | Riccardo Annibaldeschi | S. Angelo in Pescheria | |
4 September 1261 | Viterbo | Pope Urban IV | Riccardo Annibaldeschi | S. Angelo in Pescheria | |
20 September 1265 | Viterbo | Pope Clement IV | Riccardo Annibaldeschi | S. Angelo in Pescheria | |
23 March 1272 | Rome | Pope Gregory X | Giovanni Gaetano Orsini | Deacon of S. Nicola in Carcere Tulliano | On 19 March he was consecrated bishop of Rome by (?) (possibly by Cardinal Odo of Châteauroux, bishop of Frascati and dean of the Sacred College of Cardinals). |
22 February 1276 | Rome | Pope Innocent V | Giovanni Gaetano Orsini | S. Nicola in Carcere Tulliano | |
20 September 1276 | Viterbo | Pope John XXI | Giovanni Gaetano Orsini | S. Nicola in Carcere Tulliano | |
26 December 1277 | Rome | Pope Nicholas III | Giacomo Savelli | S. Maria in Cosmedin | On 19 December he was consecrated bishop of Rome by (?) (possibly by Cardinal Bertrand de Saint-Martin, bishop of Sabina and dean of the Sacred College of Cardinals). |
23 March 1281 | Orvieto | Pope Martin IV | Giacomo Savelli | S. Maria in Cosmedin | On that same day he was consecrated bishop of Rome by Cardinal Latino Malabranca Orsini, bishop of Ostia e Velletri. |
19 May 1285 | Rome | Pope Honorius IV | Goffredo da Alatri | S. Giorgio in Velabro | On that same day he was consecrated bishop of Rome by Cardinal Latino Malabranca Orsini, bishop of Ostia e Velletri. |
22 February 1288 | Rome | Pope Nicholas IV | Matteo Orsini Rosso
|
S. Maria in Portico | |
29 August 1294 | Aquila | Pope Celestine V | Probably by Cardinal Matteo Orsini Rosso | S. Maria in Portico | On that same day he was consecrated bishop of Rome probably by Cardinal Hugh Aycelin, bishop of Ostia e Velletri. He was crowned again a few days later (the only instance of a double papal coronation).[1] |
23 January 1295 | Rome | Pope Boniface VIII | Matteo Orsini Rosso | S. Maria in Portico | On that same day he was consecrated bishop of Rome by Cardinal Hugh Aycelin, bishop of Ostia e Velletri. |
27 October 1303 | Rome | Pope Benedict XI | Matteo Orsini Rosso | S. Maria in Portico | |
14 November 1305 | Lyon | Pope Clement V | Napoleone Orsini Frangipani
|
S. Adriano | |
5 September 1316 | Lyon | Pope John XXII | Napoleone Orsini Frangipani | S. Adriano | |
15 May 1328 | Rome | Antipope Nicholas V | Giacomo Alberti | pseudocardinal-bishop of Ostia e Velletri | On 12 May he was consecrated bishop of Rome also by Giacomo Alberti, at that time bishop of Castello .
|
8 January 1335 | Avignon | Pope Benedict XII | Napoleone Orsini Frangipani | S. Adriano | |
19 May 1342 | Avignon | Pope Clement VI | Raymond Guillaume des Farges | S. Maria Nuova | |
30 December 1352 | Avignon | Pope Innocent VI | Gaillard de la Mothe | S. Lucia in Septisolio | |
6 November 1362 | Avignon | Pope Urban V | Probably by Cardinal Guillaume de la Jugié | S. Maria in Cosmedin | On that same day he was consecrated bishop of Rome by Cardinal Andouin Aubert, bishop of Ostia e Velletri. |
3 January 1371 | Avignon | Pope Gregory XI | Cardinal Rinaldo Orsini | S. Adriano | On that same day, he was consecrated bishop of Rome by Cardinal Guy de Boulogne , bishop of Porto e Santa Rufina and dean of the Sacred College of Cardinals.
|
18 April 1378 | Rome | Pope Urban VI | Giacomo Orsini | S. Giorgio in Velabro | |
31 October 1378 | Fondi | Antipope Clement VII | Count Onorato I Caetani (not a Cardinal)
|
||
9 November 1389 | Rome | Pope Boniface IX | Tommaso Orsini | S. Maria in Domnica | On that same day he was consecrated bishop of Rome by Cardinal Francesco Moricotti Prignano , bishop of Palestrina and dean of the Sacred College of Cardinals.
|
11 October 1394 | Avignon | Antipope Benedict XIII | Hugues de Saint-Martial | S. Maria in Portico | On that same day, he was consecrated bishop of Rome by Cardinal Jean de Neufchâtel, bishop of Ostia e Velletri. |
11 November 1404 | Rome | Pope Innocent VII | Rinaldo Brancaccio | SS. Vito e Modesto | |
19 December 1406 | Rome | Pope Gregory XII | Probably by Cardinal Rinaldo Brancaccio | SS. Vito e Modesto | |
7 July 1409 | Pisa | Antipope Alexander V | Amedeo Saluzzo
|
S. Maria Nuova | |
25 May 1410 | Bologna | Antipope John XXIII | Rinaldo Brancaccio | SS. Vito e Modesto | On that same day, he was consecrated bishop of Rome by Cardinal Jean Allarmet de Brogny , bishop of Ostia e Velletri and sub-dean of the Sacred College of Cardinals.
|
21 November 1417 | Constance | Pope Martin V | Amedeo Saluzzo
|
S. Maria Nuova | On 14 November he was consecrated bishop of Rome by Cardinal Jean Allarmet de Brogny, bishop of Ostia e Velletri and dean of the Sacred College of Cardinals. |
19 May 1426 | Peñíscola
|
Antipope Clement VIII | crowned by (?) | ||
11 March 1431 | Rome | Pope Eugenius IV
|
Alfonso Carillo de Albornoz | S. Eustachio | |
24 June 1440 | Basel | Antipope Felix V
|
Cardinal Louis Aleman | S. Cecilia | |
19 March 1447 | Rome | Pope Nicholas V | Prospero Colonna | S. Giorgio in Velabro | |
20 April 1455 | Rome | Pope Callistus III
|
Prospero Colonna | S. Giorgio in Velabro | |
3 September 1458 | Rome | Pope Pius II | Prospero Colonna | S. Giorgio in Velabro | |
16 September 1464 | Rome | Pope Paul II | Niccolò Fortiguerra | S. Cecilia | |
25 August 1471 | Rome | Pope Sixtus IV | Rodrigo Borgia
|
S. Nicola in Carcere Tulliano | On that same day, he was consecrated bishop of Rome by Cardinal Guillaume d'Estouteville, bishop of Ostia e Velletri and sub-dean of the Sacred College of Cardinals. |
12 September 1484 | Rome | Pope Innocent VIII | Francesco Todeschini-Piccolomini
|
S. Eustachio | |
26 August 1492 | Rome | Pope Alexander VI | Francesco Todeschini-Piccolomini | S. Eustachio | |
8 October 1503 | Rome | Pope Pius III | Raffaele Riario | S. Giorgio in Velabro | On 1 October he was consecrated bishop of Rome by Cardinal Giuliano della Rovere, bishop of Ostia e Velletri and sub-dean of the Sacred College of Cardinals. |
26 November 1503 | Rome | Pope Julius II | Raffaele Riario | S. Giorgio in Velabro | |
19 March 1513 | Rome | Pope Leo X | Alessandro Farnese | S. Eustachio | On 17 March he was consecrated bishop of Rome by Cardinal Raffaele Riario, bishop of Ostia e Velletri and dean of the Sacred College of Cardinals. |
31 August 1522 | Rome | Pope Adrian VI | Marco Cornaro | Santa Maria in Via Lata | |
26 November 1523 | Rome | Pope Clement VII | Marco Cornaro | S. Maria in Via Lata | |
3 November 1534 | Rome | Pope Paul III | Innocenzo Cibo
|
S. Maria in Domnica | |
22 February 1550 | Rome | Pope Julius III | Innocenzo Cibo | S. Maria in Domnica | |
10 April 1555 | Rome | Pope Marcellus II | Jean du Bellay, bishop of Porto e Santa Rufina | On that same day he was consecrated bishop of Rome by Cardinal Gian Pietro Carafa, bishop of Ostia e Velletri and dean of the Sacred College of Cardinals. | |
26 May 1555 | Rome | Pope Paul IV | Francesco Pisani | S. Marco | |
6 January 1560 | Rome | Pope Pius IV | Alessandro Farnese | S. Lorenzo in Damaso | |
17 January 1566 | Rome | Pope Pius V | Giulio Feltre della Rovere
|
S. Pietro in Vincoli | |
25 May 1572 | Rome | Pope Gregory XIII | Girolamo Simoncelli | SS. Cosma e Damiano | |
1 May 1585 | Rome | Pope Sixtus V | Ferdinando de' Medici
|
S. Maria in Domnica | |
8 December 1590 | Rome | Pope Gregory XIV | Andreas von Austria
|
S. Maria Nuova | |
3 November 1591 | Rome | Pope Innocent IX | Andreas von Austria | S. Maria Nuova | |
9 February 1592 | Rome | Pope Clement VIII | Francesco Sforza di Santa Fiora
|
S. Maria in Via Lata | On 2 February he was consecrated bishop of Rome by Cardinal Alfonso Gesualdo, bishop of Ostia e Velletri and dean of the Sacred College of Cardinals. |
10 April 1605 | Rome | Pope Leo XI | Francesco Sforza di Santa Fiora | S. Maria in Via Lata | |
29 May 1605 | Rome | Pope Paul V | Francesco Sforza di Santa Fiora | S. Maria in Via Lata | |
14 February 1621 | Rome | Pope Gregory XV | Andrea Baroni Peretti Montalto | S. Maria in Via Lata | |
29 September 1623 | Rome | Pope Urban VIII | Alessandro d'Este | S. Maria in Via Lata | |
4 October 1644 | Rome | Pope Innocent X | Carlo de Medici
|
S. Nicola in Carcere Tulliano | |
16 April 1655 | Rome | Pope Alexander VII | Gian Giacomo Teodoro Trivulzio | S. Maria in Via Lata | |
26 June 1667 | Rome | Pope Clement IX | Rinaldo d'Este
|
S. Nicola in Carcere Tulliano | |
11 May 1670 | Rome | Pope Clement X | Francesco Maidalchini | S. Maria in Via Lata | |
4 October 1676 | Rome | Pope Innocent XI | Francesco Maidalchini | S. Maria in Via Lata | |
16 October 1689 | Rome | Pope Alexander VIII | Francesco Maidalchini | S. Maria in Via Lata | |
15 July 1691 | Rome | Pope Innocent XII | Urbano Sacchetti | S. Maria in Via Lata | |
8 December 1700 | Rome | Pope Clement XI | Benedetto Pamphilj
|
S. Maria in Via Lata | On 30 November he was consecrated bishop of Rome by Cardinal de Bouillon, bishop of Porto e Santa Rufina and dean of the Sacred College of Cardinals. |
18 May 1721 | Rome | Pope Innocent XIII | Benedetto Pamphilj | S. Maria in Via Lata | |
4 June 1724 | Rome | Pope Benedict XIII | Benedetto Pamphilj | S. Maria in Via Lata | |
16 July 1730 | Rome | Pope Clement XII | Lorenzo Altieri | S. Maria in Via Lata | |
21 August 1740 | Rome | Pope Benedict XIV | Carlo Maria Marini | S. Maria in Via Lata | |
16 July 1758 | Rome | Pope Clement XIII | Alessandro Albani | S. Maria in Via Lata | |
4 June 1769 | Rome | Pope Clement XIV | Alessandro Albani | S. Maria in Via Lata | On 28 May he was consecrated bishop of Rome by Cardinal Federico Marcello Lante, bishop of Porto e Santa Rufina and sub-dean of the Sacred College of Cardinals. |
22 February 1775 | Rome | Pope Pius VI | Alessandro Albani | S. Maria in Via Lata | On that same day, he was consecrated bishop of Rome by Cardinal Giovanni Francesco Albani, bishop of Porto e Santa Rufina and dean of the Sacred College of Cardinals. |
21 March 1800 | Venice | Pope Pius VII | Antonio Doria Pamphili | S. Maria ad Martyres | |
5 October 1823 | Rome | Pope Leo XII | Fabrizio Ruffo | S. Maria in Via Lata | |
5 April 1829 | Rome | Pope Pius VIII | Giuseppe Albani | S. Maria in Via Lata | |
6 February 1831 | Rome | Pope Gregory XVI | Giuseppe Albani | S. Maria in Via Lata | On that same day he was consecrated bishop of Rome by Cardinal Bartolomeo Pacca, bishop of Ostia e Velletri and dean of the Sacred College of Cardinals. |
21 June 1846 | Rome | Pope Pius IX | Tommaso Riario Sforza | S. Maria in Via Lata | |
3 March 1878 | Rome | Pope Leo XIII | Teodolfo Mertel | S. Eustachio | Teodolfo Mertel as the second senior cardinal-deacon, assumed the protodeacon's responsibilities at the coronation due to the illness of Prospero Caterini the incumbent protodeacon[38][39] |
9 August 1903 | Rome | Pope Pius X | Luigi Macchi | S. Maria in Via Lata | |
6 September 1914 | Rome | Pope Benedict XV | Francesco Salesio Della Volpe | S. Maria in Aquiro | |
12 February 1922 | Rome | Pope Pius XI | Gaetano Bisleti | S. Agata in Suburra | |
12 March 1939 | Rome, Vatican City | Pope Pius XII | Camillo Caccia-Dominioni
|
S. Maria in Domnica | |
4 November 1958 | Rome, Vatican City | Pope John XXIII | Nicola Canali | S. Nicola in Carcere Tulliano | |
30 June 1963 | Rome, Vatican City | Pope Paul VI | Alfredo Ottaviani | S. Maria in Domnica |
See also
- Index of Vatican City-related articles
Notes
- ^ a b c "Catholic Encyclopedia, "Pope Celestine V, Saint"". Archived from the original on 9 March 2012. Retrieved 19 May 2011.
- ^ Kazimierz Dopierała, Księga Papieży, Poznań 1996, p. 104.
- ^ Dowling, Austin (1908), "Conclave", The Catholic Encyclopedia, vol. IV, New York: Robert Appleton Company
- ^ "Universi Dominici Gregis (February 22, 1996) | John Paul II". www.vatican.va. Retrieved 13 April 2020.
- ^ "Universi Dominici Gregis (February 22, 1996) | John Paul II". www.vatican.va. Retrieved 13 April 2020.
- ^ Oliger, Livarius (1912), "Sedia Gestatoria", The Catholic Encyclopedia, vol. XIII, New York: Robert Appleton Company
- ^ "Deus qui adesse non delignaris ubicumque devota mente invocaris, adesto quaesumus invocationibus nostris et huic famulo tuo N. quem ad culmen apostolicum commune iudicium tuae plebis elegit ubertatem supernae benedictionis infunde, ut sentiat se tuo munere ad hunc apicem pervenisse." Coronation Rites, Reginald Maxwell Woolley, B.D. (Cambridge: at the University Press, 1915), pp. 160-161.
- ^ "Supplicationibus, omnipotens Deus, effectum consuetae pietatis impende, et gratia Spiritus Sancti hunc famulum tuum N. perfunde; ut qui in capite ecclesiarum nostrae servitutis mysterio constituitur, tuae virtutis soliditate roboretur." Ibid., p. 161.
- ^ "Deus qui Apostolum tuum Petrum inter caeteros coapostolos primatum tenere voluisti, eique universae Christianitatis molem superimpostuisti; respice propitius quaesumus hunc famulum tuum N. quem de humili cathedra violenter sublimatum in thronum eiusdem apostolorum principis sublimamus: ut sicut profectibus tantae dignitatis augetur, ita virtutum meritis cumuletur; quatenus ecclesiasticae universitatis onus, te adiuvante, digne ferat, et a te qui es beatitudo tuorum meritam vicem recipiat." Ibid.
- ^ Papal Coronation[permanent dead link]
- ^ “Accipe pallium, plenitudinem scilicet pontificalis officii, ad honorem omnipotentis Dei et gloriosissimae Virginis eius genitricis et beatorum apostolorum Petri et Pauli et sanctae Romanae ecclesiae.”
- ^ Thurston, Herbert (1908), "Cope", The Catholic Encyclopedia, vol. IV, New York: Robert Appleton Company
- ^ This prayer is from the form for the Consecration of a bishop. Woolley. p. 163.
- ^ "Exaudi Christe"
- ^ ”Domino Nostro __ a Deo decreto summo Pontifici et universali Papae vita.”
- ^ "Salvador mundi"
- ^ "Tu illum adiuva"
- ^ "Sancta Maria"
- ^ "Sancte Michael"
- ^ Woolley, p. 163. The Papal Laudes were most recently chanted during the opening procession of the inauguration Mass of Pope Benedict XVI on 24 April 2005.
- ^ The Greek Epistle and Gospel were traditionally read by a subdeacon and a deacon from the Byzantine monastery of Grottaferrata east of Rome
- ^ I.e., the Sacrament was brought to the Pope by the deacon and the subdeacon at his throne and he consumed a portion of the Host and drank from the Chalice by means of a narrow gold or silver-gilt tube called a fistula.
- ^ Francis Patrick Henrick, The Primacy of the Apostolic See Vindicated (Baltimore, London and Pittsburgh 1857), p. 252
- ^ According to the Encyclopaedia Americana, article "Tiara", the words were "... scias te esse patrem, principem et regem ... (know that you are a father, a prince and a king).
- ^ Universi Dominici gregis, 92
- ^ Van Hove, A. (1909), "Enthronization", The Catholic Encyclopedia, vol. V, New York: Robert Appleton Company
- . Retrieved 13 April 2020.
- ^ John Cornwell, Hitler's Pope: The Secret History of Pius XII (Viking, 1999) pp. 211-212.
- ^ Romano Pontifici Eligendo Section 92.
- ^ "How Pope John Paul I Won". Time. 11 September 1978. Archived from the original on 13 October 2007. Retrieved 5 January 2023.
- ^ "National Catholic Register: 33 Days of the Smiling Pope". Archived from the original on 9 January 2009. Retrieved 25 December 2008.
- ^ Papal Inauguration Homily of Pope John Paul II, L'Osservatore Romano (Text of the Homily)
- ^ Universi Dominici gregis, 92
- ]
- ^ No information has been found about his coronation
- ^ Regesta Imperii[permanent dead link]
- papal election, 1185). Cardinal Rivoltella was the most senior cardinal-deacon present.
- ^ "The Coronation of Pope Leo XIII". Catholic World. 27 (158): 280–285. Retrieved 28 September 2018.
- ^ "Caterini, Prospero". Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church.
Further reading
- "The Coronation of Pope Leo XIII" an account from Catholic world