1061 papal election

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Papal election
1061
Dates and location
30 September 1061
Anselmo de Baggio of Lucca
Name taken: Alexander II
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The 1061 papal election was held on 30 September 1061 in

Anselmo de Baggio of Lucca, a non-cardinal and one of the founders of the Pataria,[2] was elected Pope Alexander II and crowned at nightfall on 1 October 1061 in San Pietro in Vincoli Basilica because opposition to the election made a coronation in St. Peter's Basilica impossible.[3]

Description

External brick walls of the apse of San Pietro in Vincoli. This is one of the oldest parts of the church and would have looked similar in the 11th century to how it looks today.

Anselmo had the support of his friend Cardinal Hildebrand, a driving force behind the promulgation of In Nomine Domini and the future

Duke of Apulia and Calabria.[2][4] Although Anselmo was well-known and respected within the German court, the assent of the Holy Roman Emperor to the election was not sought.[3]

Displeased with the new process, a group of

Basle
on 28 October 1061, at which no cardinals were present.

Antipope Honorius II proceeded to march on Rome, defeating Alexander II and taking control of St. Peter's Basilica and its environs on 14 April 1062. The intervention of Godfrey III convinced Honorius II and Alexander II to retire to Parma and Lucca respectively, awaiting mediation between Godfrey III and the Imperial court. However,

Burchard II, Bishop of Halberstadt as an envoy to Rome. Burchard cleared Alexander II of charges of simony
and recognized him as the new pontiff.

Alexander II excommunicated Honorius II in 1063, but after a counter-synod Honorius II was able to establish himself in Castel Sant'Angelo and wage war against Alexander II for another year before fleeing again to Parma. The Synod of Mantua (Pentecost, 31 May 1064) anathematized Cadalo and declared Alexander II the rightful pope.[1]

Cardinal electors

In 1061 there were six cardinal-bishops:[5]

Elector Nationality Order and title Elevated Elevator Notes
Bonifazio, O.S.B. Apulia
Cardinal-bishop of Albano
before 1054 Leo IX
Pietro
Cardinal-bishop of Tusculum
before 1057 Victor II
Giovanni
Cardinal-bishop of Porto
1057 Stephen IX
O.S.B.Cam.
Ravenna
Cardinal-bishop of Ostia
30 November 1057 Stephen IX Future Doctor of the Church
Bernardo da Benevento, O.S.B.Cas. Benevento
Cardinal-bishop of Palestrina
1061 Nicholas II
Mainardo of Pomposa, O.S.B.Cas. Italian
Cardinal-bishop of Silva Candida
May 1061 Nicholas II

References

  1. ^
    OCLC 53276621
    .
  2. ^ a b Vincent, Martin Richardson. 1896. The Age of Hildebrand. Christian Literature Co. p. 50.
  3. ^ .
  4. . p. 94.
  5. ^ Reconstruction based on Hans-Walter Klewitz, Reformpapsttum und Kardinalkolleg, Darmstadt 1957, p. 115-118; and Rudolf Hüls, Kardinäle, Klerus und Kirchen Roms: 1049-1130, Tübingen 1977, p. 88 ff.