Papanui
Papanui | |
---|---|
Coordinates: 43°30′S 172°37′E / 43.500°S 172.617°E | |
Country | New Zealand |
City | Christchurch |
Local authority | Christchurch City Council |
Electoral ward | Papanui |
Community board | Waipapa Papanui-Innes-Central |
Area | |
• Land | 306 ha (756 acres) |
Population (June 2023)[2] | |
• Total | 7,510 |
Casebrook | Northcote | |
Bishopdale |
Papanui
|
Mairehau |
Bryndwr | Strowan | St Albans |
Papanui is a major suburb of
Over the last 160 years Papanui has developed into a major suburban centre and is a satellite centre for Government and City Council services. These include the central government 'Super Centre' in Winstone Avenue, Housing New Zealand in Restell Street and the Council Service Centre and Library on Langdons Road.
Etymology
The Māori name Papanui literally translated means 'Big plain' (papa means flat and nui means big),[5] a name which would aptly suit most of central Christchurch, which is one of New Zealand's flattest cities. Another meaning, equally applicable to the district in the early days, is a platform set in the branches of a tree to accommodate a bird-spearer.[6] A third meaning for the word Papanui comes from a Māori Legend and refers to a large funeral pyre. According to the legend, Tuhaitara, a Ngāi Tahu princess, sent her eldest son, Tamarairoa to Papanui to kill her former husband Marukore. But Marukore was aware of his son's intentions and when Tamarairoa and his younger brother arrived, Marukore killed them both and burnt their bodies on a huge pyre.[7]
History
Pre-European
Before European settlement Papanui, like much of Christchurch, was mostly marshy ground covered with
European colonisation
The Canterbury Association's surveyor Captain Joseph Thomas and his team of surveyors arrived in Lyttelton (originally named Port Cooper) on 15 December 1848 on the ship Fly. They began to survey the Port Hills and Canterbury Plains around what would become Christchurch and its suburbs. As chief agent for the association Thomas was also responsible for preparing the infrastructure for the arrival of the first settlers at Lyttelton in December 1850. The First Four Ships, Charlotte Jane, Randolph, Sir George Seymour and Cressy landed 773 colonists. By the first anniversary of the first landing fifteen more ships had arrived bringing the colonist population to 3,000. By 1876 the estimated population of the city and suburbs was around 23,000 with the number increasing to 44,000 by 1886.
Papanui Bush
When the pilgrims first began to settle in Christchurch in the early 1851, Papanui Bush attracted a number of
Farm land
By 1857 most of the trees in the area were felled and
Hotels
One of the first buildings in the area was the Sawyers Arms Hotel which was opened by an American named Robert Carr. The hotel was built on the Main North Road near the corner of Sawyers Arms Road which derived its name from the hotel. Henry Roil was also "mine host" at the hotel in the early years as a partner of Carr's. The hotel burnt down twice, firstly in November 1874 and was reopened by the current licensee John Wild in June 1875. The second fire occurred in September 1898 and was rebuilt by the licensee John Cooper and was renamed The Phoenix (the beautiful bird rising from the ashes) for its third incarnation. This building was finally demolished in February 1989 in a Supermarket redevelopment with the site eventually being encompassed by the Northlands Shopping Centre.[12]
The Papanui Hotel was originally built in the early 1850s as a parsonage for the Reverend Bradley. The building was bought in 1859 by William Meddings, a local blacksmith and store keeper, who opened it as a hotel. In 1865 the hotel was bought by William Lawrence who rebuilt the front section in 1871. Lawrence passed the hotel on to his son William in 1898, and it is believed it remained in the Lawrence family ownership until 1906. The grounds boasted gardens, lawns, fruit trees, walkways and a skittle bowling alley. In 1957 a new public and lounge bar complex was built on the corner of the Main North Road and Winstone Avenue adjacent to the old building which was finally demolished in March 1969 having served as a landmark for 110 years.[13][14]
2010–2011 earthquakes
Papanui's location in the north western area of the city saved it from the worst of the liquefaction that was suffered by the eastern and southern areas. The Papanui Building (the first photo on this page) at 1 Main North Road was severely damaged by the first two main earthquakes and demolition commenced on 23 February 2011, the day after the second earthquake. All of the churches in the area were damaged to some extent. The St Paul's Vicarage was particularly badly damaged and has been demolished. St Paul's Anglican Church is still under repair with the scaffolding now being removed from the bell tower. A source close to the parish says it will reopen in September 2013. St Giles Presbyterian Church was also un-repairable and has been demolished. Only the parish centre now remains there. The status of St Joseph's Catholic Church and the Papanui North Methodist Church repair or demolition has still not been resolved. The Sanitarium factory was also significantly damaged and although production was halted for a while it is online with repairs being made. Many of the older shops in the Papanui Village were substantially damaged and demolished.
Demographics
Papanui comprises four statistical areas. Papanui North, Papanui West and Papanui South are primarily residential, and Northlands is mostly commercial.
Name | Area (km2) |
Population | Density (per km2) |
Households | Median age | Median income |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Papanui North | 0.60 | 1,965 | 3,275 | 741 | 39.7 years | $22,300[15] |
Papanui West | 1.00 | 2,910 | 2,910 | 1,128 | 41.3 years | $31,800[16] |
Papanui East | 0.83 | 2,385 | 2,873 | 927 | 45.6 years | $33,000[17] |
Northlands | 0.63 | 123 | 195 | 57 | 41.5 years | $32,800[18] |
New Zealand | 37.4 years | $31,800 |
Residential Papanui
The residential areas of Papanui, comprising the statistical areas of Papanui North, Papanui West and Papanui East, cover 2.43 km2 (0.94 sq mi).[1] They had an estimated population of 7,400 as of June 2023, with a population density of 3,045 people per km2.
Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
---|---|---|
2006 | 6,984 | — |
2013 | 7,230 | +0.50% |
2018 | 7,260 | +0.08% |
Source: [19] |
The residential areas had a population of 7,260 at the
Ethnicities were 78.3% European/Pākehā, 8.0% Māori, 3.3% Pasifika, 15.4% Asian, and 2.6% other ethnicities. People may identify with more than one ethnicity.
The percentage of people born overseas was 26.9, compared with 27.1% nationally.
Although some people chose not to answer the census's question about religious affiliation, 44.2% had no religion, 44.7% were Christian, 0.3% had Māori religious beliefs, 1.4% were Hindu, 1.1% were Muslim, 1.0% were Buddhist and 2.0% had other religions.
Of those at least 15 years old, 1,470 (24.2%) people had a bachelor's or higher degree, and 1,095 (18.0%) people had no formal qualifications. 960 people (15.8%) earned over $70,000 compared to 17.2% nationally. The employment status of those at least 15 was that 2,688 (44.2%) people were employed full-time, 801 (13.2%) were part-time, and 195 (3.2%) were unemployed.[19]
Northlands
Northlands covers 0.63 km2 (0.24 sq mi).[1] It had an estimated population of 110 as of June 2023,[2] with a population density of 175 people per km2.
Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
---|---|---|
2006 | 120 | — |
2013 | 123 | +0.35% |
2018 | 123 | +0.00% |
Source: [20] |
Northlands had a population of 123 at the
Ethnicities were 73.2% European/Pākehā, 9.8% Māori, 2.4% Pasifika, 22.0% Asian, and 4.9% other ethnicities. People may identify with more than one ethnicity.
The percentage of people born overseas was 31.7, compared with 27.1% nationally.
Although some people chose not to answer the census's question about religious affiliation, 41.5% had no religion, 36.6% were Christian, 2.4% were Muslim, 2.4% were Buddhist and 2.4% had other religions.
Of those at least 15 years old, 21 (20.0%) people had a bachelor's or higher degree, and 15 (14.3%) people had no formal qualifications. The median income was $32,800, compared with $31,800 nationally. 12 people (11.4%) earned over $70,000 compared to 17.2% nationally. The employment status of those at least 15 was that 51 (48.6%) people were employed full-time, 15 (14.3%) were part-time, and 6 (5.7%) were unemployed.[20]
Economy
From the 2013 census, the median income in Papanui is NZ$34,100 compared to a median of $24,800 for Christchurch. In the higher income bracket, 34.0% of the population earns more than $50,000 compared to 27.1% which is the Christchurch average.[3] Most of the population is employed in retail, distribution, sawmills, the apparel industry and the meat works.[21] Unemployment in Papanui is currently low — 3.4% according to figures from the Ministry of Social Development (end of 2007).
Industry
For much of the 20th century, Papanui was a light industrial area. In 1900, Edward Halsey, a baker trained at
The building of the Firestone (now Bridgestone) tyre factory, in Langdons Road, was commenced on land, some of which was a 5-acre orchard purchased from the Cone family, in 1945. Firestone produced New Zealand's first pneumatic tyre in 1948. This factory remained the only tyre manufacturer in the South Island.[23]
On 23 October 2009, it was announced that Bridgestone's Australia and New Zealand manufacturing operations were to close. The announcement affected 275 jobs in Christchurch.[24] In November 2010 the company has returned 3.2 acres of the former orchard land alongside the railway line to the city to be used as a public wetlands.[25]
The delicatessen meat company, Verkerks, built a factory on Vagues Road in 1961, and has been stocking the small goods shelves ever since.[26]
Though both of these factories are still in operation today but not so for the Ovaltine factory on the Main North Road and the Birdseye Frozen Foods factory which used to be sited next to the railway line in Harewood Road.
Retail
The original Papanui shopping village is located at the Papanui Junction.
Features
Churches
The area is home to one of the oldest parishes on the Canterbury plains. Established in 1853,
The second oldest church in the area is the Papanui Methodist Church which was established in 1859. The second church was built in 1870 and the third and present church was opened in 1913 on the corner of Harewood Road and Chapel Street.[29]
This was followed By St Giles Presbyterian Church which was first built in 1877 on the Main North Road three doors past the current Catholic church. In 1895 the church was further enlarged but this eventually proved to be insufficient and in 1924 a new church was built on the corner of Papanui Road and Frank Street.
St Joseph's Catholic Church conducted services in the St Josesph's School Chapel, designed by Mr Jacobson and built on Vagues Road, from 1878 until the current church was built on the corner of the Main North Road and Vagues Road in March 1922. The Parish was formally established in 1924 with Fr Hanrahan as the first incumbent priest.[31]
The Papanui Baptist Church was established in 1958 and is located on Sawyers Road opposite to Morrison Avenue.[32]
The Papanui Seventh-day Adventist Church is located on Grants Road adjoining the Christchurch Adventist School.[33]
Parks
There are numerous reserves and parks within the suburban boundaries, the two most notable of these are as follow:
The Papanui Domain sited on Sawyers Arms Road where the Papanui Bush was clear felled in the 1850s. It is predominantly used for rugby league and softball, with the rugby league clubrooms adjoining on the southern boundary. In the early days it was also used for cycle racing.
St James Park, most likely named after its road frontage, is predominantly used for
Landmarks
In the 1920s the residents wanted a fitting memorial to the fallen soldiers of World War I. Duly the Memorial Hall and Library (pictured above) was built and opened in the heart of Papanui 1923. This building served as the Town Hall, library and picture theatre for over 50 years, until it was demolished in the late 1970s with the land reverting to a reserve. In 1997 the Returned Services Association prevailed upon the council to redevelop the site as a war memorial reserve and to include the names of the fallen soldiers from World War II.
Transportation
From the first days of colonisation
When Canterbury's first railways were built the Main North Line was opened through Papanui on 27 April 1872. The current Railway Station, though planned and designed in 1872 was not opened until 1900. In the 28 intervening years a 25x8 foot shed did 'Station' duty. A tram line was laid on Papanui Road in 1880 terminating at the Papanui Railway Station. The first Trams were steam and horse drawn until the introduction of electric trams on the Papanui line in 1905.
The Northcote extension to St Bede's College was opened on 28 February 1913 and closed on 30 September 1930. With the exception of the first few tram-cars, which were brought from the United States, the trams were made by a local firm, Boon & Co. The last tram to Papanui ran in 1954 with the trams being replaced by bright red buses run by the Christchurch Transport Board (later Red Bus Ltd.).
Policing
As the city expanded a police station was built in Papanui in proximity to the railway line on the corner of Winstone Ave. It was opposite to the current railway station in Restell Street and was opened on 8 October 1879. The buildings erected were a watch house with two cells, and a six-room cottage at a cost of £824. The Papanui police area was huge at that time and went westward to Sheffield and Colgate. The first officer in charge was Constable Daniel Flanagan and he held the post for nearly seven years.[36]
In 1949 the police operations were moved to 103 St James Avenue using the existing house on the section (dating from 1925) and the original watch house(1879). In 1959 a new police station and residence was opened on Papanui Road just south of the Blighs Road intersection. In 1979 the senior sergeant's residence was converted into offices with a CIB office being opened in the same year. Detective Sergeant Roy Powell was the first appointee. The first policewoman stationed at Papanui, in September 1978, was Constable Diane Smith.[37]
For Papanui residents in the 1950s and 1960s the name 'Handlebar Harry' will bring back memories of a tall policeman on a push bike. Constable Ronald Miles was the local enquiry officer and had the habit of riding the streets of Papanui with his typewriter strapped to the handlebars of his cycle. However it was not the position of the typewriter that earned him the nickname, it was his wonderful 'Jimmy Edwards' style flowing moustache.
The current police station is opposite Langdons Road on the corner of the Main North Road and Mary Street and was opened on 30 October 1991.
As an interesting foot note the Watch House has survived the years and can now be seen amongst Lady Isaac's collection of heritage buildings at McArthurs Road, Harewood.
Parks
St James Park was originally 'glebe land' belonging to St Paul's church and was divorced from the main church property by the laying of the Main North Railway line in the early 1870s. It is believed to have been farmed by James Triggs, the St Paul's Church verger,[38] and part of it was developed as a cricket ground by the Papanui Cricket Club under the captaincy of John Matson with the permission of Rev. Lorenzo Moore. By 1874 the new incumbent at St Paul's, the Rev Brittan, had joined the Cricket Club as a player, but had also leased some of the land to Mr Jackson, another club member, for stock grazing. The land appears in an 1880 map as a cricket ground,[39] but was later abandoned by the cricket club and sold to Ivorys Cool Stores in 1916. The land was purchased by the City in 1924 after residents, led by Rev Griffin, petitioned the council for a park and has both main entrances sited on St James Avenue. It was named in a Public Notice drawn up by the Christchurch City Council Bylaws and Finance committee chaired by Councilor Andrews on 30 April 1924.[40] Rev Griffin did not live to see the park opened, and as a mark of respect Memorial Gates and a rose garden we jointly funded by the residents and the Council in his honour.
Education
The main educational centre is Papanui High School opened in 1936[41]: 130 which is located adjacent to the rear of Northlands Shopping Centre on Langdons Road.[42] It has a roll of 1,548 students.
The other high school in the area is St Bede's College, a Catholic state-integrated school which was established in 1911 on Ferry Road and relocated to its current site on the Main North Road in 1920 as a day and boarding school.[43][44] It has 811 students.
Papanui Primary School was established in 1871 on Winters Road. The school was rebuilt further along Winters Road on 6 acres (24,000 m2) of land in September 1926.[41]: 131 [45] It has 188 students. Paparoa Street Primary School opened in 1953.[46][47] It has 382 students.
St Joseph's Primary School (Catholic) opened on Vagues Road in 1878.[48][49] Christchurch Adventist School opened on Grants Road in 1925.[50][51] They have rolls of 424 and 256 students, respectively. Loreto College (Catholic) opened on Windermere Road in 1930 but was closed in 1978.[52]
All these schools except St Bede's and Loreto are coeducational. Rolls are as of February 2024.[53]
Temperatures
Climate data for Papanui | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 22.5 (72.5) |
22.2 (72.0) |
20.4 (68.7) |
17.8 (64.0) |
14.6 (58.3) |
11.7 (53.1) |
11.3 (52.3) |
12.4 (54.3) |
14.9 (58.8) |
17.4 (63.3) |
19.2 (66.6) |
21.2 (70.2) |
17.1 (62.8) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 12.2 (54.0) |
12.1 (53.8) |
10.6 (51.1) |
7.7 (45.9) |
4.5 (40.1) |
2.1 (35.8) |
1.9 (35.4) |
2.9 (37.2) |
5.1 (41.2) |
7.2 (45.0) |
8.9 (48.0) |
10.9 (51.6) |
7.2 (45.0) |
Average precipitation mm (inches) | 42 (1.7) |
39 (1.5) |
54 (2.1) |
54 (2.1) |
56 (2.2) |
66 (2.6) |
79 (3.1) |
69 (2.7) |
47 (1.9) |
53 (2.1) |
44 (1.7) |
49 (1.9) |
648 (25.5) |
Source: NIWA Science climate data[54] |
References
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- ^ a b "Population estimate tables - NZ.Stat". Statistics New Zealand. Retrieved 25 October 2023.
- ^ a b 2013 Census QuickStats about a place : Papanui
- ^ "Papanui Library / Te Kete Wānanga o Papanui". Christchurch City Libraries. Retrieved 1 October 2011.
- ^ "1000 Māori place names". New Zealand Ministry for Culture and Heritage. 6 August 2019.
- ISBN 978-0-14-320410-7.
- ^ "Papanui". Christchurch City Libraries. Retrieved 1 October 2011.
- ^ Christchurch Changing – Geoffrey W. Rice (1999)
- ^ "This page has moved to our new website – Christchurch City Libraries".
- ^ Papanui Herald – Issue No. 559, 16 March 1976
- ^ "Pre-War Papanui". From Papanui to Passchendaele.
- ^ Papanui Heritage Trail Second Edition, Second Print 2005, published by Papanui Heritage Group.
- ^ The Early Days of Canterbury – A. Selwyn Bruce (1932)
- ^ The Papanui Hotel – C Grant & W Hudson – Papanui Heritage Group (2008)
- ^ 2018 Census place summary: Papanui North
- ^ 2018 Census place summary: Papanui West
- ^ 2018 Census place summary: Papanui East
- ^ 2018 Census place summary: Northlands (Christchurch City)
- ^ a b "Statistical area 1 dataset for 2018 Census". Statistics New Zealand. March 2020. Papanui North (319400), Papanui West (320100) and Papanui East (320900).
- ^ a b "Statistical area 1 dataset for 2018 Census". Statistics New Zealand. March 2020. Northlands (Christchurch City) (320000). 2018 Census place summary: Northlands (Christchurch City)
- ^ "Work and Income Regional Plan". Hon. Steve Maharey.
- ^ "Moments that made us". Sanitarium. Retrieved 29 November 2016.
- ^ "Christchurch City Contextual History Overview" (PDF). Christchurch City Council.
- ^ "Death knell for industry as Bridgestone closes". ABC News. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 23 October 2009. Retrieved 26 October 2009.
- ^ The Christchurch Mail Newspaper edition 10/11/10
- ^ "History of Verkerks". Verkerks. Archived from the original on 16 June 2006. Retrieved 17 April 2006.
- ^ "Northlands". kiwiproperty.com. Kiwi Property Group.
- ^ "Northlands Stores". kiwiproperty.com. Kiwi Property Group.
- ^ Christchurch North Methodist Parish
- ^ "Home". stgiles.info.
- ^ Early Churches in and around Christchurch – D & J Hamilton (2008)
- ^ Papanui Baptist Church
- ^ Papanui Adventist Church
- ^ "Monarch Butterflies" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 15 October 2008. Retrieved 1 December 2008.
- ^ Christchurch transport through the Years – Christchurch Transport Board Tramway Historical Society (1988)
- ^ Sharing the Challenge – B Thomson & R Neilson (1990)
- ^ A Police Station at Papanui – Papanui Heritage Group – W. Hudson & C. Grant
- ^ St Paul's Anglican Cemetery Tour by Richard Greenaway (2007)
- ^ The Story of St James Park and St James Avenue – a paper by Jim Gardner 09/08/06
- ^ From Christchurch City Council No.1 Minute Book (1924)
- ^ a b "Miscellaneous Local Historical Information" (PDF). Christchurch City Libraries. Retrieved 10 September 2021.
- ^ Education Counts: Papanui High School
- ^ Crean, Mike (2 October 2011). "Bedeans celebrate rich history". The Press.
- ^ Education Counts: St Bede's College
- ^ Education Counts: Papanui School
- ^ Williams, Murray Noel (2014). Building Yesterday's Schools: An Analysis of Educational Architectural Design as Practised by the Building Department of the Canterbury Education Board from 1916–1989 (PDF) (Thesis). p. 304.
- ^ Education Counts: Paparoa Street School
- ^ "Welcome to Our School". St Joseph's Primary School. Retrieved 14 September 2021.
- ^ Education Counts: St Joseph's Primary School
- ^ "Welcome to Christchurch Adventist School". Christchurch Adventist School. Retrieved 14 September 2021.
- ^ Education Counts: Christchurch Adventist School
- ^ "Loreto Primary Boy's College, Papanui". Mercy Schools. Retrieved 14 September 2021.
- ^ "New Zealand Schools Directory". New Zealand Ministry of Education. Retrieved 14 March 2024.
- ^ "Niwa Science climate data".