Paper lantern

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
This article is about the lantern made of thin, brightly colored paper. For the Green Day song, see Slappy. For the small hot air balloon made of paper, see Sky lantern.
Red paper lanterns for sale in Shanghai, 2012

A paper lantern is a lantern made of thin, brightly colored paper.[1] Paper lanterns come in various shapes and sizes, as well as various methods of construction. In their simplest form, they are simply a paper bag with a candle placed inside, although more complicated lanterns consist of a collapsible bamboo or metal frame of hoops covered with tough paper.

Origin

Paper lanterns are likely derived from earlier lanterns that used other types of translucent material like

Eastern Han dynasty,[2][3] but it is unknown exactly when paper became used for lanterns. Poems about paper lanterns start to appear in Chinese history at around the 6th century.[2] Paper lanterns were common by the Tang dynasty (AD 690–705), and it was during this period that the first annual lantern festival was established.[2] From China, it was spread to neighboring cultures in East Asia, Southeast Asia, and South Asia
.

Types

There are three general types of paper lanterns, they are:

By region

In addition to everyday usage as a light source in the past, paper lanterns are commonly associated with festivals in East Asian, Southeast Asian, and South Asian cultures.

East Asia

China & Taiwan

Main article: Palace lantern

Paper lanterns are called Dēnglóng (simplified Chinese: 灯笼; traditional Chinese: 燈籠) in China.

Japan

Main article: Traditional lighting equipment of Japan

In Japan

bonbori and chōchin and there is a special style of lettering called chōchin moji
used to write on them.

Southeast Asia

Philippines

Main article: Parol

In the

capiz shells. Its most-common form is a five-pointed star, although it can come in various shapes and sizes.[4][5][6]

Dating back to the

Panunulúyan pageant in the nine-day Christmas Novena procession leading up to the Simbang Gabi (midnight mass). It was initially rectangular or oblong in shape but eventually came to be made in various shapes. It became standardized to a five-pointed star (symbolizing the Star of Bethlehem) during the American colonial period.[7]

Thailand

Main article:
Loi Krathong

During the

Yi Peng festival of Thailand, some people also decorate their houses, gardens, and temples with khom fai (Thai: โคมไฟ), intricately shaped paper lanterns which take on different forms. Khom thue (Thai: โคมถือ) are lanterns which are carried around hanging from a stick, khom khwaen (Thai: โคมแขวน) are the hanging lanterns, and khom pariwat (Thai: โคมปริวรรต), which are placed at temples and which revolve due to the heat of the candle inside. The most elaborate Yi Peng celebrations can be seen in Chiang Mai,[8] the ancient capital of the former Lanna kingdom, where now both Loi Krathong and Yi Peng are celebrated at the same time resulting in lights floating on the waters, lights hanging from trees/buildings or standing on walls, and lights floating in the sky. The tradition of Yi Peng was also adopted by certain parts of Laos
during the 16th century.

Thousands of sky lanterns called khom loi (

Yi Peng festival. However, this is a relatively new addition to the festival, only dating back to the first decade of the 21st century as part of tourism development.[9]

  • Sky lanterns in the sky on the night of Yi Peng in Thailand.
    Yi Peng
    in Thailand.

Vietnam

Two traditional festivals in Vietnam have prominent roles for lanterns:

  1. Vu Lan on the 15th day of the seventh lunar month. Buddhist temples traditionally would host the release of floating water lanterns down river courses on small paper crafts with sticks of incense and written prayers.
  • An old woman releases water lanterns in Hội An
    An old woman releases water lanterns in Hội An
  • Buddhists and monks prepare to water lanterns on the occasion of Vu Lan
    Buddhists and monks prepare to water lanterns on the occasion of Vu Lan
  1. Tết Trung Thu
    , (Mid-Autumn festival) also known as the Children's Festival (Tết Nhi Đồng) on the 15th day of the eighth lunar month. Children would parade in the streets with lit lanterns (rước đèn) with accompanying music and songs after sunset. The lanterns in this case are whimsical with a multitude of shapes and themes like fish, star... The lanterns are typically in transparent colored papers.
  • Star-shaped lanterns of tết Trung Thu.
    Star-shaped lanterns of tết Trung Thu.
  • Star-shaped lanterns
    Star-shaped lanterns
  • The street of colourful lanterns - Léon Busy (1874-1951)
    The street of colourful lanterns - Léon Busy (1874-1951)

In addition to the above two festivals, paper lanterns are also hung by Vietnamese people on the occasion of the

Tết Nguyên Đán
to look forward to a good new year.

  • Paper lantern, Vietnam Museum of Ethnology - Hanoi
    Paper lantern, Vietnam Museum of Ethnology - Hanoi
  • Paper lanterns are hung during the Tết Nguyên Đán in Bát Tràng village
    Paper lanterns are hung during the Tết Nguyên Đán in Bát Tràng village
  • Paper lanterns in Hanoi's Old Quarter
    Paper lanterns in Hanoi's Old Quarter
  • Đại Trung Gate, Văn Miếu
    Đại Trung Gate,
    Văn Miếu

Paper lanterns are also used to attract visitors, for example,

Hoian
city, a famous tourist destination of Vietnam, often hangs paper lanterns throughout the year to attract tourists.

  • Paper Lanterns in the streets of Hội An
    Paper Lanterns in the streets of Hội An
  • Paper Lanterns in Thương xá Tax
    Paper Lanterns in Thương xá Tax

Malaysia & Singapore

Paper lanterns are used especially in Chinatown areas in countries having notable Chinese ethnicity heritage.

South Asia

Sri Lanka

Main article: Vesak

Colorful paper lanterns called vesak kuudu are hung outside houses during the Buddhist festival of Vesak.[10]

  • Traditional Vesak lanterns during Vesak in Sri Lanka
    Traditional Vesak lanterns during Vesak in Sri Lanka

Americas

United States

Main article: Luminaria

Placing candles or

luminarias or farolitos) is a common Christmas tradition in New Mexico. The tradition originated from the parol paper lanterns of the Philippines brought over to the Americas during the colonial period.[11][12][13][14]

Europe

During the

Florence, Italy
, children carry colourful paper lanterns through the streets of the city.

In Germany, Austria, Switzerland and other German-speaking and some Dutch-speaking parts of Europe there is a tradition of the Sankt-Martins-Umzug (Sint-Maarten in Dutch), during which children parade with paper lanterns that are traditionally handmade.

In photography

High-wattage paper lanterns are commonly used in lighting for motion picture productions. Commonly referred to as "China balls", they provide soft, edgeless light to a scene.[15]

See also

References

  1. ^ "Chinese lantern". The Free Dictionary. Retrieved 18 May 2014.
  2. ^
    ISBN 0521086906
    .
  3. ^ Hogben, Lancelot. "Printing, Paper and Playing Cards". Bennett, Paul A. (ed.) Books and Printing: A Treasury for Typophiles. New York: The World Publishing Company, 1951. pp. 15–31. p. 17. & Mann, George. Print: A Manual for Librarians and Students Describing in Detail the History, Methods, and Applications of Printing and Paper Making. London: Grafton & Co., 1952. p. 77
  4. ISBN 0-8264-8749-1
    . Retrieved December 20, 2007.
  5. ISBN 0-8020-2938-8
    . Retrieved December 20, 2007.
  6. ^ "Christmas decors, Filipino-style" (in Tagalog). GMA news.TV. December 10, 2007. Retrieved December 20, 2007.
  7. ^ Tan, Nigel (17 December 2016). "PH X'mas symbols, practices trace roots to Spanish era". Rappler. Retrieved 1 December 2020.
  8. ^ "Lantern Festival of the Yee Peng Month". Archived from the original on 2013-02-28.
  9. ^ "No urban place for Loy Krathong" (Opinion). Bangkok Post. 18 November 2018. Retrieved 18 November 2018.
  10. ^ "Vesak". Lakpura. Retrieved 1 December 2020.
  11. ISBN 9780195146394
    .
  12. ^ Greene, Bizia (27 December 2017). "Holiday charm of farolitos started in the Philippines". Santa Fe New Mexican. Retrieved 1 December 2020.
  13. ^ "Our View: Why luminarias should be your new (old) Christmas tradition". 21 December 2017. Retrieved 1 December 2020.
  14. ISBN 0-913270253
    .
  15. ISBN 1-85669-334-1
    .

External links
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