Parahippocampal gyrus
Parahippocampal gyrus | |
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Details | |
Identifiers | |
Latin | gyrus parahippocampalis |
MeSH | D020534 |
NeuroNames | 164 |
NeuroLex ID | birnlex_807 |
TA98 | A14.1.09.234 |
TA2 | 5515 |
FMA | 61918 |
Anatomical terminology |
The parahippocampal gyrus (or hippocampal gyrus[1]) is a grey matter cortical region of the brain that surrounds the hippocampus and is part of the limbic system. The region plays an important role in memory encoding and retrieval. It has been involved in some cases of hippocampal sclerosis.[2] Asymmetry has been observed in schizophrenia.[3]
Structure
The anterior part of the gyrus includes the
The term parahippocampal cortex is used to refer to an area that encompasses both the posterior parahippocampal gyrus and the medial portion of the fusiform gyrus[citation needed].
Function
Scene recognition
The parahippocampal place area (PPA) is a sub-region of the parahippocampal cortex that lies medially in the inferior temporo-occipital cortex. PPA plays an important role in the encoding and
Damage to the PPA (for example, due to stroke) often leads to a syndrome in which patients cannot visually recognize scenes even though they can recognize the individual objects in the scenes (such as people, furniture, etc.). The PPA is often considered the complement of the fusiform face area (FFA), a nearby cortical region that responds strongly whenever faces are viewed, and that is believed to be important for face recognition.
Social context
Additional research has suggested that the right parahippocampal gyrus in particular has functions beyond the contextualizing of visual background. Tests by a California-based group led by Katherine P. Rankin indicate that the lobe may play a crucial role in identifying social context as well, including paralinguistic elements of verbal communication.[9] For example, Rankin's research suggests that the right parahippocampal gyrus enables people to detect sarcasm.
Additional images
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Animation. Parahippocampal gyrus shown red.
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Medial surface of left cerebral hemisphere. Parahippocampal gyrus shown in orange.
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Human brain inferior-medial view. Parahippocampal gyrus labelled as #5
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Coronal section. Parahippocampal gyrus labelled at bottom center.
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Coronal section of hippocampus. Parahippocampal gyrus labelled at bottom.
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Basal view of a human brain.
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Basal view of a human brain. Parahippocampal gyrus shown in yellow.
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Close up of parahippocampal gyrus.
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Parahippocampal gyrus, shown in right cerebral hemisphere.
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Parahippocampal gyrus highlighted in green on coronal T1 MRI images
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Parahippocampal gyrus highlighted in green on sagittal T1 MRI images
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Parahippocampal gyrus highlighted in green on transversal T1 MRI images
References
- ISBN 3-540-25102-2, p. 648 here online
- PMID 14595469.
- S2CID 5915984.
- PMID 24741031.
- S2CID 920141.
- PMID 8922339.
- ^ "Neuron - An Area within Human Ventral Cortex Sensitive to "Building" Stimuli". Archived from the original on 2013-01-13. Retrieved 2009-11-03.
- PMID 10430951.
- ^ Hurley, Dan (2008-06-03). "Katherine P. Rankin, a Neuropsychologist, Studies Sarcasm - NYTimes.com". The New York Times. Retrieved 2009-11-03.