Paramasiva Prabhakar Kumaramangalam

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

Zakir Husain
V. V. Giri
Prime MinisterIndira Gandhi
Preceded byGeneral Jayanto Nath Chaudhuri
Succeeded byField Marshal S.H.F.J. Manekshaw
Personal details
Born
Paramasiva Prabhakar Kumaramangalam

(1913-07-01)1 July 1913
Distinguished Service Order
Member of the Order of the British Empire
RelationsP. Subbarayan (Father)
Mohan Kumaramangalam (Brother)
Rangarajan Mohan Kumaramangalam (Brother's Grandson)

FRHS (1 July 1913 – 13 March 2000) was the 6th Chief of the Army Staff (COAS) of the Indian Army from 1967 to 1969. He was one of the last British-trained King's Commissioned Indian Officer (KCIO) to serve in the Indian Army
, and the last KCIO to lead the Indian Army.

Early life and education

Kumaramangalam was born to

.

He was educated at the

Royal Military Academy, Woolwich, and was commissioned into the British Indian Army as an unattached second lieutenant in 1933.[2] He was appointed to the British Indian Army on the 12th of November, 1934.[3]

Military life

World War II

During

2nd Field Regiment, Indian Artillery.[4]

The citation recommending Kumaramangalam for a Distinguished Service Order runs as follows:[1]

4 June 1942

Captain (Ty. Major) PARAMASIVA PRABHAKAR KUMARAMANGALAM (IA 1282), 2nd Indian Field Regiment, 3rd Indian Motor Brigade

For great courage and devotion to duty.

On 27 May 1942 during the action which took place 3 miles S.E. of BIR HACHEIM, Major Kumaramangalam showed great bravery in controlling the fire of his battery under heavy enemy fire. He continually encouraged the gun detachments, and by his cool demeanour in the face of machine gun and anti-tank fire from enemy tanks undoubtedly inspired his men with the confidence with which they withstood the final tank attack. When one of his troops was over run and captured, he acquired an armoured car left at the position and tried to drive the Italian tanks away which were encircling it. Subsequently he led a patrol back to the position and recovered three guns.

He was taken

Prisoner of War (PoW) by the Italians later in 1942 and held in a PoW camp in Italy. With the Italian Armistice in September 1943 he escaped on 19 November;[5] however, he was captured again in January 1944 and imprisoned, this time in Germany, where he was transferred to Stalag Luft III
, a high security camp for PoWs. At the end of the war in 1945, he returned to India.

Postwar

On 18 April 1946, Kumaramangalam was appointed a Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE).[6] He became an acting Brigadier in 1948, with the substantive rank of lieutenant-colonel, and was promoted to the substantive rank of colonel on 2 February 1951.[7] As a brigadier, he was appointed to command a paratroop brigade on 14 February 1955,[8] and was given command of an infantry division on 9 September 1956, with the acting rank of major-general.[9]

Kumaramangalam was promoted to substantive major-general on 1 August 1958,

Padma Vibushan
in 1970.

Views on America

General Kumaramangalam trained at the artillery school in Fort Sill, Oklahoma. From his letters it is evident he was not very impressed with the Americans. He saw them as suffering from an "aggressive inferiority complex" and cautioned a newly independent India against coming under American influence. The following is an excerpt from a letter written by him to C. Rajagopalachari in 1947:

"This country is not one that I will ever get fond of. I have not got a very high opinion of them. The people that I have to deal with are very kind, hospitable and have been very good to the two of us. But somehow I feel there is a trace of artificiality in that and also it is the result of trying to impress one. They I think are very jealous of the old world and its background and culture and this results in an aggressive inferiority complex. As for their state of morality, there is none. People seem to delight in trying to outwit each other by any means, mainly crooked. The politicians are racketeers and big business has a tight grip on everything in the country. The small country trader and the farmer I think have their hands securely tied by the big men. I do hope that our country proceeds with caution and doesn't get entirely under the influence of the States."[18]

Other interests

He was also a

cricketer. He was a member of the Marylebone Cricket Club, a fellow of the Royal Horticultural Society, and president of Indian Polo Association and Equestrian Federation of India. On retirement as army chief, he was elected President of the World Wildlife Fund - India (WWF-India) during its formative stages.[19]

Death

He died following a

heart attack
on 13 March 2000.

Awards and decorations

Padma Vibhushan Sena Medal Sainya Seva Medal General Service Medal 1947 Indian Independence Medal
Distinguished Service Order Member of the Order of the British Empire 1939–1945 Star Africa Star War Medal 1939–1945

Dates of rank

Insignia Rank Component Date of rank
Second Lieutenant British Indian Army 31 August 1933[2]
Lieutenant British Indian Army 2 May 1935.[20]
Captain British Indian Army 1940 (acting)
3 February 1940 (temporary)[21]
2 February 1941 (substantive)[22]
Major British Indian Army 1942 (temporary)
1 July 1946 (substantive)[23]
Major Indian Army 15 August 1947[note 1][24]
Brigadier Indian Army 1948 (acting)[note 1][24]
Lieutenant-Colonel Indian Army 1948[note 1][24]
Lieutenant-Colonel Indian Army 26 January 1950 (substantive; recommissioning)[24][25]
Colonel Indian Army 2 February 1951[7]
Brigadier Indian Army 1955[8]
Major General Indian Army 9 September 1956 (acting)[9]
1 August 1958 (substantive)[10]
Lieutenant-General
Indian Army 5 October 1959 (acting)[12]
8 May 1961 (substantive)[13]
General
(COAS)
Indian Army 8 June 1966[17]

See also

  • Chief of Army Staff of the Indian Army

Notes

  1. ^
    Ashoka Lion
    replaced the crown, with a five-pointed star being substituted for the "pip."

References

  1. ^ a b "Recommendation for Award for Kumaramangalam, Paramasiva Prabhakar". The National Archives (UK). UK Government. Retrieved 4 November 2018.
  2. ^ a b "No. 33974". The London Gazette. 1 September 1933. p. 5733.
  3. ^ "No. 34129". The London Gazette. 1 February 1935. p. 775.
  4. ^ "Page 3543 | Issue 35665, 11 August 1942 | London Gazette | The Gazette". www.thegazette.co.uk.
  5. ^ "Major Kumaramangalam Escapes". The Indian Express. Associated Press. 20 November 1943. p. 1. Retrieved 11 February 2018.
  6. ^ "No. 37536". The London Gazette (Supplement). 16 April 1946. p. 1949.
  7. ^ a b "Part I-Section 4: Ministry of Defence (Army Branch)" (PDF). The Gazette of India. 24 March 1951. p. 57.
  8. ^ a b "Part I-Section 4: Ministry of Defence (Army Branch)" (PDF). The Gazette of India. 9 April 1955. p. 72.
  9. ^ a b "Part I-Section 4: Ministry of Defence (Army Branch)" (PDF). The Gazette of India. 5 January 1957. p. 2.
  10. ^ a b "Part I-Section 4: Ministry of Defence (Army Branch)" (PDF). The Gazette of India. 24 October 1959. p. 261.
  11. ^ "Part I-Section 4: Ministry of Defence (Army Branch)" (PDF). The Gazette of India. 9 May 1959. p. 2.
  12. ^ a b "Part I-Section 4: Ministry of Defence (Army Branch)" (PDF). The Gazette of India. 21 November 1959. p. 286.
  13. ^ a b "Part I-Section 4: Ministry of Defence (Army Branch)" (PDF). The Gazette of India. 16 September 1961. p. 245.
  14. ^ "Part I-Section 4: Ministry of Defence (Army Branch)" (PDF). The Gazette of India. 2 May 1964. p. 172.
  15. ^ "Part I-Section 4: Ministry of Defence (Army Branch)" (PDF). The Gazette of India. 19 December 1964. p. 509.
  16. ^ "Part I-Section 4: Ministry of Defence (Army Branch)" (PDF). The Gazette of India. 6 February 1965. p. 73.
  17. ^ a b "Part I-Section 4: Ministry of Defence (Army Branch)" (PDF). The Gazette of India. 25 June 1966. p. 375.
  18. ^ P.P. Kumaramangalam to C. Rajagopalachari, 22 December 1947, in File 82, Fifth Installment, C. Rajagopalachari Papers, NMML.
  19. ^ "List of Chief of Army staff of the Indian army". 17 April 2012.
  20. ^ "No. 34173". The London Gazette. 21 June 1935. p. 4012.
  21. ^ Indian Army List for October 1945 (Part I). Government of India Press. 1945. p. 187.
  22. ^ "No. 35165". The London Gazette. 16 May 1941. p. 2827.
  23. ^ "No. 38069". The London Gazette. 12 September 1947. p. 4286.
  24. ^ a b c d "New Designs of Crests and Badges in the Services" (PDF). Press Information Bureau of India - Archive. Archived (PDF) from the original on 8 August 2017.
  25. ^ "Part I-Section 4: Ministry of Defence (Army Branch)". The Gazette of India. 11 February 1950. p. 227.
Military offices
Preceded by
P. S. Gyani
Commandant of the Defence Services Staff College
1963–1964
Succeeded by
Preceded by
General Officer Commanding-in-Chief Eastern Command

1964–1964
Preceded by Deputy Chief of the Army Staff
1964–1965
Succeeded by
Moti Sagar
New title
New office
Vice Chief of the Army Staff
1965–1966
Succeeded by
Preceded by
Joyanto Nath Chaudhuri
Chief of the Army Staff

1966–1969
Succeeded by