Parameshvara Nambudiri

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Parameshvara Nambudiri
Bornc. 1380 CE
Notable workDrgganita
Goladipika
Grahanamandana

Vatasseri Parameshvara Nambudiri (c. 1380–1460)

Drig system. Parameshvara was also a prolific writer on matters relating to astronomy. At least 25 manuscripts have been identified as being authored by Parameshvara.[1]

Biographical details

Parameshvara was a

Nila (river Bharathappuzha) at its mouth in Kerala. He was a grandson of a disciple of Govinda Bhattathiri (1237–1295 CE), a legendary figure in the astrological traditions of Kerala
.

Parameshvara studied under teachers Rudra and Narayana, and also under Madhava of Sangamagrama (c. 1350 – c. 1425) the founder of the Kerala school of astronomy and mathematics. Damodara, another prominent member of the Kerala school, was his son and also his pupil. Parameshvara was also a teacher of Nilakantha Somayaji (1444–1544) the author of the celebrated Tantrasamgraha.

Work

Parameshvara wrote commentaries on many mathematical and astronomical works such as those by Bhāskara I and Aryabhata. He made a series of eclipse observations over a 55-year period. Constantly attempted to compare these with the theoretically computed positions of the planets. He revised planetary parameters based on his observations.

One of Parameshvara's more significant contributions was his mean value type formula for the inverse interpolation of the sine.[2]

He was the first mathematician to give a formula for the

Lhuilier [1782], 350 years later. With the sides of the cyclic quadrilateral
being a, b, c, and d, the radius R of the circumscribed circle is:

Works by Parameshvara

The following works of Parameshvara are well-known.[4] A complete list of all manuscripts attributed to Parameshvara is available in Pingree.[1]

  • Bhatadipika – Commentary on
    Āryabhaṭa I
  • Karmadipika – Commentary on Mahabhaskariya of Bhaskara I
  • Paramesvari – Commentary on Laghubhaskariya of Bhaskara I
  • Sidhantadipika – Commentary on Mahabhaskariyabhashya of Govindasvāmi
  • Vivarana – Commentary on
    Lilāvati
  • Drgganita – Description of the
    Drig system
    (composed in 1431 CE)
  • Goladipika – Spherical geometry and astronomy (composed in 1443 CE)
  • Grahanamandana – Computation of eclipses (Its epoch is 15 July 1411 CE.)
  • Grahanavyakhyadipika – On the rationale of the theory of eclipses
  • Vakyakarana – Methods for the derivation of several astronomical tables

See also

References

  1. ^ .
  2. ^ Radha Charan Gupta [1979] "A mean-value-type formula for inverse interpolation of the sine", Ganita 30 (1–2): 78—82.
  3. ^ Radha Charan Gupta [1977] "Parameshvara's rule for the circumradius of a cyclic quadrilateral", Historia Mathematica 4: 67–74
  4. Indian Journal of History of Science. 15 (1): 79–93. Archived from the original
    (PDF) on 9 March 2012.

Further reading

  • David Pingree, Biography in Dictionary of Scientific Biography (New York 1970–1990).
  • Bhaskara, Laghubhaskariyam : With Parameshvara's commentary (Poona, 1946).
  • Bhaskara, Mahabhaskariyam: With Parameshvara's commentary called Karmadipika (Poona, 1945).
  • Munjala
    , Laghumanasam : with commentary by Parameshvara (Poona, 1944).
  • T.A. Sarasvati Amma
    (1979) Geometry in ancient and medieval India, (Delhi).
  • K. Shankar Shukla (1957) The Surya-siddhanta with the commentary of Parameshvara (Lucknow).
  • .
  • Kim Plofker (1996) "An example of the secant method of iterative approximation in a fifteenth-century Sanskrit text", Historia Mathematica 23 (3): 246–256.
  • K. K. Raja (1963) "Astronomy and mathematics in Kerala", Brahmavidya 27; 136–143.
  • K. Chandra Hari (2003). "Eclipse observations of Parameshvara, the 14th–15th-century astronomer of Kerala" (PDF). Indian Journal of History of Science. 38 (1): 43–57. Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 March 2012. Retrieved 28 January 2010.

External links