Paramount Hotel
Paramount Hotel | |
---|---|
General information | |
Location | 235 West 46th Street, Manhattan, New York, US |
Coordinates | 40°45′35″N 73°59′14″W / 40.7596°N 73.9871°W |
Opening | June 12, 1928 |
Owner | RFR Hotel Group |
Technical details | |
Floor count | 19 |
Design and construction | |
Architect(s) | Thomas W. Lamb |
Developer | Isidore Zimmer, Samuel Resnick, and Frank Locker |
Other information | |
Number of rooms | 597 |
Website | |
www.nycparamount.com | |
New York City Landmark | |
Designated | November 17, 2009[1] |
Reference no. | 2342[1] |
Designated entity | Facade |
The Paramount Hotel (formerly the Century-Paramount Hotel) is a hotel in the
The hotel is 19 stories tall and is H-shaped in arrangement, with
Isidore Zimmer, Samuel Resnick, and Frank Locker developed the Hotel Paramount starting in 1927, and it opened on June 12, 1928. The property went into foreclosure shortly after its completion, and
Site
The Paramount Hotel is at 235 West
The surrounding area is part of Manhattan's Theater District and contains many Broadway theaters.[2][5] Prior to the Paramount Hotel's development in the 1920s, the site contained several low-rise buildings.[5][6]
Architecture
The Paramount Hotel was designed by Thomas W. Lamb[5][7] and built by the O'Day Construction Company.[8][9] It was one of Lamb's few non-theatrical buildings; most of his work consisted of over 300 theaters and cinemas.[10][11] An early source characterized the hotel as being Italian Renaissance in design,[4] but the hotel's own website and the New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission describe the building as being French Renaissance-inspired.[10][12]
Due to the presence of a mezzanine level above the ground story, sources differ as to how many stories the hotel contains. While the New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission and SkyscraperPage give a figure of 19 stories (excluding the ground-story mezzanine),[13][14] the New York City Department of City Planning cites the hotel as being 18 stories tall,[3] and Emporis gives a figure of 20 stories.[15] Originally, the hotel had 700 rooms.[8][9]
Form
The hotel is H-shaped in arrangement. The northern and southern
Along 46th Street, the first eleven stories occupy nearly the entire site (except for the light courts), extending outward to the
Along the north elevation (facing 47th Street), the lowest ten stories are obscured by neighboring buildings such as the Brooks Atkinson Theatre, though the 11th through 19th stories are visible from 47th Street. The setbacks on this elevation all span the width of the facade.[18]
Facade
The
Base
At ground level, the 46th Street facade consists of a double-height
The 2nd-story windows are rectangular
Upper stories
The 3rd through 10th stories are mostly clad in plain brick with rectangular window openings. The 3rd-story window openings are surrounded by eared moldings; above each window are volutes flanking swags, which support segmental-arched and triangular pediments. The 4th- through 10th-story windows are plain in design, except for window sills and air-conditioning vents below each window. Starting on the 3rd story, the two outer bays are flanked by narrow bands of brick quoins. The 11th-story windows contain eared moldings, swags below each window, and elaborate keystones. There are marble panels between most of the 11th-story windows (except in front of the quoins); the panels have alternating lozenge and circular shapes. Each of these marble panels is topped by three brackets shaped like acanthus leaves. A string course runs above the 11th story.[19]
At the 12th-story setback, there is a terracotta balustrade in front of the eight center bays. Each of these bays is separated by an urn with a terracotta finial. Metal security grates are installed between the facade and the urns, dividing the balcony into several sections. The four outer windows on the 12th story are filled with iron balustrades. At the 14th-story setback, there is a string course and a balustrade across all twelve bays; metal grates are installed at several points.[19] Within each bay, the windows at the 12th and 13th stories are placed within the same terracotta molding, as are the 14th- and 15th-story windows in each bay. On each of the 12th through 15th stories, there are bands of quoins separating each of the bays, except for the two outermost bays on either side, which are separated by plain brick.[16] Another cornice runs above the 15th story, supported by pairs of brackets and acanthus leaves.[18]
At the 16th and 17th stories, the four central bays rise without setting back further. The three outermost bays on either side are significantly set back, creating the impression of a projecting central pavilion. The central bays and the outer bays are connected by diagonal wall sections, which are decorated with urns atop volutes. The two outermost bays on either side have stone balustrades, while the remainders of the outer pavilions contain iron railings and metal security grates. Within each bay, the windows at the 16th and 17th stories are placed within the same terracotta molding. Each of the four center bays is separated by a row of quoins. At the 17th story, the center bays have pediments decorated with cartouches and volutes. A terracotta frieze separates the 17th story from the roof.[18]
The west and east elevations are generally designed in plain brick with rectangular window openings. The southern sections of these elevations contain chimneys above the 8th story, as well as stone bands at the 12th, 14th, 16th, and 18th-story setbacks. The north elevation contains terracotta balconies at each setback, which span the width of the facade. The setbacks also have metal security grates.[18]
Roof
The hotel's southern and northern wings share a hip roof at the center, flanked by mansard roofs on either side of each wing. The central hip roof is topped by a frieze with ribbons and swags, with cartouches at the corners. A plain coping runs above the rest of the roof.[21]
To the south, the hip-roofed section is flanked by two volutes on either side. The four center windows contain stone dormers at the 18th story; these are topped by arched pediments decorated with shells and foliate decorations. The center of the 19th story has three circular copper dormers with pediments, which alternate with the 18th-story windows. On the south elevation, the side bays each have three copper dormers on the 18th and 19th stories, with segmentally arched pediments. To the north, there are two square dormer windows at the 18th story.[18]
Interior
Lobby
The hotel's lobby was originally decorated in marble and contained art from Cornelius Vanderbilt's estate.[22] The modern lobby design dates to a 1990 renovation by Philippe Starck, who drew inspiration from science-fiction themes[23] and 19th-century ocean liners.[24] The lobby is decorated with stucco, and the marble walls have niches decorated with roses, which enclose a newsstand, reception desk, cashier, and concierge. A 2,000 sq ft (190 m2) white-gold-leaf panel is placed on one wall. There is also furniture in various designs, as well as a carpeted central seating area with sofas, chairs, and a checkerboard carpet. Furnishings by designers such as Marc Newson, Antoni Gaudí, and Jean-Michel Frank are also featured in the lobby.[25] On the main level was also a brasserie operated by Dean & DeLuca, as well as a take-out restaurant.[25][26] At the rear of the lobby was the Whiskey Bar, designed in a "semi-industrial" manner with Polaroids on the walls.[27][28] One reviewer said of the lobby: "Despite its severe, concrete-like interiors, the lobby has something spunky about it."[29]
The lobby also has a mezzanine spanning 2,000 square feet,[25] which wraps around the ground-floor space.[24] The ground and mezzanine levels are connected by a plexiglass-and-marble stairway, which is designed to give the impression that it is floating.[23][25] After the renovation in 1990, the mezzanine level had a movie theater, a fitness center, and a business center.[24][25] The lobby mezzanine also contained a playroom designed by Gary Panter,[25][26] though the playroom has since been dismantled.[30] Starck designed custom lamps for the mezzanine, which subsequently were sold commercially under the name "Miss Sissi".[31][32] Restrooms, decorated with multicolored tiles, are also placed on this level.[25] When the hotel was renovated, Pierre Sabatti redesigned the mezzanine restrooms with stainless-steel sinks, shaped like cones and decorated with etchings of leaves and feathers.[25][33] A writer for Newsday characterized the mezzanine bathrooms as among New York City's ten best restrooms.[33]
Sony Hall
When the hotel was completed, it contained an 850-seat grill room measuring 75 by 100 ft (23 by 30 m), with a 19 ft-high (5.8 m) ceiling and attached dressing rooms.[8] In 1938, the room became a night club called Billy Rose's Diamond Horseshoe.[22] The basement space then became a theater and was known by several names, including as the Stairway Theatre, Mayfair Theatre, and Century Theatre.[34] Since 2018, the theater in the basement has operated as an event venue named Sony Hall.[35]
Lamb's original design for the space was a
Other spaces
The hotel's original decorative features included bronze elevator doors in the Baroque style, as well as marble stairs with iron handrails.[42] After the 1990 renovation, the elevators were refitted with multicolored lights in emerald, ruby, indigo, and amber colors.[26] The elevator lobby was redecorated with mirrored walls, which one publication likened to a "funhouse".[24]
Since 1990, the hotel has had 610 rooms,
History
Times Square became the epicenter for large-scale theater productions between 1900 and
Development
Four of the lots on the Paramount Hotel site, at 235–241 West 46th Street, had been acquired in 1925 by the Spear Construction Company.[5] In December 1925, the 235 West 46th Street Company (a partnership between Isidore Zimmer, Samuel Resnick, and Frank Locker bought the sites at 235–241 West 46th Street.[54][55] Zimmer, Resnick, and Locker further expanded the site in March 1926 with the acquisition of two lots at 243–245 West 46th Street,[56][57] which could accommodate a structure of up to 23 stories.[57] That June, Thomas W. Lamb filed plans for a hotel on the six lots on behalf of the 235 West 46th Street Company. The building was to contain a 1,015-seat theater at ground level with a ballroom, offices, and hotel rooms above it.[58][59] Known as the Hotel Paramount, the building would have a Spanish Renaissance lobby, a 22-seat dining room, and nine storefronts,[4][5] in addition to 12 stories of hotel rooms.[60]
By January 1927, excavations had been completed on the site.[4] At this time, the plans for the hotel were changed to provide for 612 rooms across 18 stories.[61][62] Ultimately, the hotel was designed as a 700-room structure with 20 stories.[63] The builders secured a $2 million loan (about $28 million in 2023[a]) from Hughes and Hammond in May 1927.[64][65] That November, the Garment Salesmen's Association (GSA) leased the 19th story of the hotel[66] for use as a clubhouse.[66][67] In March 1928, the New York Building Congress gave craftsmanship awards to 20 construction workers,[68][69] and the Realty Acceptance Corporation placed a second mortgage loan of $350,000 on the building (equivalent to $4,908,000 in 2023[a]).[70][71] The hotel ultimately cost $5 million to erect (about $70 million in 2023[a]).[8][9] The Eighth Avenue Association presented a plaque to celebrate the hotel's completion, recognizing the hotel's "contribution to the prestige of the district".[72][73]
1920s to 1940s
A. Lincoln Scott was hired as the Hotel Paramount's first manager,[74] and he assumed operation of the hotel when it informally opened on June 5, 1928.[75][76] The Paramount Hotel formally opened on June 12, 1928, with a dinner banquet attended by 600 to 800 guests.[77][78] The GSA opened its own clubhouse in the hotel on August 1 of that year.[79] The Hotel Paramount was in receivership by 1929, and the Irving Trust Company took over.[80] In April 1930, the Hotel Paramount was sold to William J. Knott's Knott Hotel Corporation, along with seven other hotels;[81][82] the operators hired Charles L. Ornstein as the new manager shortly thereafter.[83]
Following a yearlong investigation, in mid-1930, the United States government requested an injunction against the hotel's grill room because it violated Prohibition-era ordinances.[80] A judge granted the injunction in July 1930, prohibiting the grill room from operating.[84] Afterward, the Hotel Paramount Grill was being used for musical performances.[85][86] Charlie Barnet led a band there from 1932 onward.[87][88][89]
The
1950s to early 1980s
The Diamond Horseshoe nightclub in the Paramount's basement closed in 1951,[13][36] and figure skater Sonja Henie then attempted to operate an ice rink in the basement.[105][106] After the nightclub's closure, the prices of rooms began to decrease, and room service was eliminated.[5] Subsequently, the U.S. federal government began negotiating to lease the Paramount Hotel. In October 1953, after 14 months of negotiations, the government agreed to take over the hotel and convert it into offices for the Internal Revenue Service, but this conversion did not occur.[107][108] At the time, the General Services Administration, which controlled the federal government's office space, was trying to reduce the amount of space it was leasing.[109] Anthony Parella also proposed opening a legitimate theatre venue in the old Diamond Horseshoe space in 1954.[110] Herbert A. Weissberg bought the Paramount from the Abbell hotel group in 1957.[111][112] The Hotel Paramount's new owners obtained a $350,000 loan for the hotel in 1959,[113] and George Geiger signed a lease to operate the hotel the same year.[114]
The hotel's operators leased the Paramount's basement as a theater in December 1960
By 1980, the Century-Paramount was operating as a mid-priced hotel with single rooms ranging from $36 to $46 per night.[126] A reviewer at the time said that, though the rooms were "not quaint" with excessively small closets, the reviewer said that "everything is well-kept".[42] The next year, the Century Theatre in the hotel's basement was closed and converted to a school for accountants.[106] During the mid-1980s, The New York Times characterized the hotel as "a scruffy tourist stop off Eighth Avenue",[127] appealing to "low-budget European travelers willing to sleep four to a room".[128] The New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission (LPC) had started considering protecting the interior of the Century-Paramount's basement as an official city landmark in 1982,[129] with discussions continuing over the next several years;[130] The LPC denied landmark status to the basement interior in 1987,[131] during a wide-ranging effort to grant landmark status to Broadway theaters.[132]
Schrager operation
The hotel was closed for an 18-month remodeling project in 1988.
The hotel's restoration was part of a revival of the Times Square area.
21st-century sales
In 2004, Schrager sold the hotel for $126 million to Becker Ventures LLC,
By 2011, the hotel's owners Walton Street Capital and Highgate Holdings sought to sell off the hotel, which at the time had 597 rooms.[164] That June, the hotel was sold to Aby Rosen's RFR Holding.[165][166] RFR took out $40 million of mezzanine loans to finance the purchase[167] and subsequently renovated the hotel for $40 million.[168] The cost included a $20 million conversion of the long-abandoned basement into the Diamond Horseshoe entertainment venue, which opened at the end of 2013.[39][169] RFR renovated the hotel again in 2015 and started soliciting buyers for the property. The renovation, designed by Stonehill & Taylor and Meyer Davis Studios, included the guestrooms, lobby, and other public areas. The Paramount Bar & Grill and a coffee bar called Corso were also opened inside the hotel.[170] The Diamond Horseshoe closed in 2015 and served as a private space for three years. In March 2018, Blue Note Records and Sony Music reopened the nightclub as the Sony Hall concert venue.[35] RFR closed the Paramount Bar and Grill and the Corso coffee bar in February 2018, and it discontinued room service as well.[171] That April, Rosen got a $140 million loan from Aareal Bank.[172][173]
The Paramount Hotel closed indefinitely in March 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic in New York City.[174][175] In late 2020, Rosen considered selling the hotel to Breaking Ground, a supportive housing group.[176] According to Curbed, the hotel's quality had degraded by then, and "complaints on review sites ranged from mold on the ceiling to stained carpets to a cockroach in the bed".[177] Breaking Ground formally proposed in early 2022 that the hotel be converted into 510 housing units and a 136-unit shelter for homeless adults.[178] The plan required the support of the Hotel and Gaming Trades Council (HTC), a labor union representing the Paramount's workers.[174][176] Although HTC supported legislation that allowed buildings to be converted to affordable housing, the conversion plan was ultimately canceled after HTC requested that Breaking Ground buy out the workers' contract for $50 million, which the organization could not afford.[177] As a result, the Paramount Hotel reopened as a hotel in late 2022.[176][179]
See also
- List of hotels in New York City
- List of New York City Designated Landmarks in Manhattan from 14th to 59th Streets
References
Notes
- ^ Gross Domestic Product deflatorfigures follow the MeasuringWorth series.
Citations
- ^ a b Landmarks Preservation Commission 2009, p. 1.
- ^ ISBN 978-0-19538-386-7.
- ^ a b c d "235 West 46 Street, 10036". New York City Department of City Planning. Archived from the original on February 1, 2022. Retrieved March 25, 2021.
- ^ ProQuest 104015104.
- ^ a b c d e f g h Landmarks Preservation Commission 2009, p. 4.
- from the original on February 2, 2022. Retrieved February 2, 2022.
- ^ from the original on February 1, 2022. Retrieved February 1, 2022.
- ^ from the original on February 1, 2022. Retrieved February 1, 2022.
- ^ ProQuest 1113380943.
- ^ a b "History". Paramount Hotel. Archived from the original on February 2, 2022. Retrieved February 2, 2022.
- ^ a b c d Chan, Sewell (November 17, 2009). "Newly Renovated Paramount Hotel Is Now a Landmark". City Room. Archived from the original on January 29, 2022. Retrieved February 3, 2022.
- ^ Landmarks Preservation Commission 2009, p. 5.
- ^ a b c d e f g Landmarks Preservation Commission 2009, p. 6.
- ^ "Diagrams". SkyscraperPage.com. Archived from the original on February 1, 2022. Retrieved February 1, 2022.
- ^ "Paramount Hotel". Emporis. Archived from the original on February 1, 2022. Retrieved January 1, 2022.
- ^ a b Landmarks Preservation Commission 2009, pp. 7–8.
- ^ Landmarks Preservation Commission 2009, pp. 6–7.
- ^ a b c d e Landmarks Preservation Commission 2009, p. 8.
- ^ a b c d e Landmarks Preservation Commission 2009, p. 7.
- ^ a b c d e Diamond Horseshoe: Stonehill & Taylor Archived April 13, 2019, at the Wayback Machine. Restaurant & Bar Design Ltd. Retrieved May 12, 2020.
- ^ Landmarks Preservation Commission 2009, pp. 8–9.
- ^ ProQuest 1291138528.
- ^ ProQuest 229727450.
- ^ ProQuest 278057344.
- ^ from the original on February 3, 2022. Retrieved February 3, 2022.
- ^ ProQuest 1459850574.
- from the original on February 3, 2022. Retrieved February 3, 2022.
- ^ Sherman, Beth (February 14, 1992). "For the Young, Dateless: Whiskey Bar". Newsday. p. 98. Archived from the original on February 3, 2022. Retrieved February 3, 2022 – via newspapers.com.
- from the original on February 3, 2022. Retrieved February 3, 2022.
- ^ Browne, Alix (April 8, 2010). "From Playhouse to Our House". T Magazine. Archived from the original on February 3, 2022. Retrieved February 3, 2022.
- from the original on February 3, 2022. Retrieved February 3, 2022.
- ^ Palazzo, Risa (April 1, 1999). "From Ashtrays to Beds, Many Chic Hotels Are Selling Their Decor". Newsday. p. 120. Archived from the original on February 3, 2022. Retrieved February 3, 2022 – via newspapers.com.
- ^ a b Sherman, Beth (October 4, 1990). "City's Best Bathrooms". Newsday. p. 202. Archived from the original on February 3, 2022. Retrieved February 3, 2022 – via newspapers.com.
- ^ a b Century Theatre Archived March 26, 2020, at the Wayback Machine. Internet Broadway Database. The Broadway League. Retrieved May 12, 2020.
- ^ a b Kis, Eva (March 26, 2018). "A 1930s basement theater becomes NYC's new high-tech Sony Hall". Metro US. Archived from the original on February 1, 2022. Retrieved February 1, 2022.
- ^ a b Monahan, Patrick (January 24, 2014). "The Diamond Horseshoe, the World War II-Era Nightclub Resurrected by Randy Weiner and Simon Hammerstein". Vanity Fair. Archived from the original on June 13, 2021. Retrieved February 1, 2022.
- ^ a b c Sullivan, Megan (November 6, 2014). "Diamond Horseshoe Club at the Paramount". Lodging Magazine. Archived from the original on February 1, 2022. Retrieved February 1, 2022.
- ProQuest 1653391417.
- ^ a b c Santiago, Rebecca (December 31, 2013). "The Diamond Horseshoe Club and Theater Reopens in New York's Paramount Hotel". Architectural Digest. Archived from the original on February 1, 2022. Retrieved February 1, 2022.
- ^ Robin, Natalie. Noble Concepts: Queen Of The Night Archived February 2, 2022, at the Wayback Machine. Live Design. March 24, 2014. Retrieved May 13, 2020.
- ^ a b c d "Diamond Horseshoe at The Paramount Hotel by Stonehill Taylor". Architizer. February 3, 2015. Archived from the original on February 1, 2022. Retrieved February 1, 2022.
- ^ ProQuest 1637317010.
- ^ a b c Stasi, Linda (August 17, 1990). "Fast facts". Newsday. p. 11. Archived from the original on February 3, 2022. Retrieved February 3, 2022 – via newspapers.com.
- ^ ProQuest 306370543.
- ^ ProQuest 277867840.
- ^ a b Enrico, Dottie (April 13, 1992). "Whimsical, High-Tech Promos For the Hippest Joint in Town". Newsday. p. 48. Archived from the original on February 3, 2022. Retrieved February 3, 2022 – via newspapers.com.
- ^ ProQuest 306396453.
- from the original on February 3, 2022. Retrieved February 3, 2022.
- ^ Rodgers, Mary Augusta (September 30, 1990). "Specifications For The Perfect Hotel". Newsday. p. 97. Archived from the original on February 3, 2022. Retrieved February 3, 2022 – via newspapers.com.
- ^ Swift, Christopher (2018). "The City Performs: An Architectural History of NYC Theater". New York City College of Technology, City University of New York. Archived from the original on March 25, 2020. Retrieved March 25, 2020.
- ^ Landmarks Preservation Commission 2009, pp. 2–3.
- OCLC 847042402.
- from the original on February 1, 2022. Retrieved February 1, 2022.
- from the original on February 1, 2022. Retrieved February 1, 2022.
- ProQuest 1112998615.
- ProQuest 1112729209.
- ^ ProQuest 103757239.
- ProQuest 1112566579.
- ProQuest 103810634.
- ProQuest 103779353.
- ProQuest 1113610256.
- ProQuest 104238944.
- from the original on February 1, 2022. Retrieved February 1, 2022.
- ProQuest 1113541329.
- ProQuest 104159641.
- ^ ProQuest 1654207971.
- ProQuest 103969451.
- from the original on February 1, 2022. Retrieved February 1, 2022.
- ProQuest 1113352912.
- from the original on February 1, 2022. Retrieved February 1, 2022.
- ProQuest 1113345639.
- ProQuest 1111956085.
- from the original on February 1, 2022. Retrieved February 1, 2022.
- ProQuest 1654308053.
- ProQuest 1113380641.
- from the original on February 1, 2022. Retrieved February 1, 2022.
- ProQuest 1113414805.
- from the original on February 1, 2022. Retrieved February 1, 2022.
- ProQuest 1653809065.
- ^ from the original on February 1, 2022. Retrieved February 1, 2022.
- from the original on February 1, 2022. Retrieved February 1, 2022.
- ProQuest 1113179493.
- ProQuest 1727894470.
- from the original on February 1, 2022. Retrieved February 1, 2022.
- ProQuest 1125459546.
- ProQuest 1653656192.
- ISBN 0-935859-39-X.
- ISBN 0-87930-659-9.
- ISBN 0-02-862731-8.
- from the original on February 1, 2022. Retrieved February 1, 2022.
- from the original on February 2, 2022. Retrieved February 2, 2022.
- ProQuest 1329268951.
- from the original on February 2, 2022. Retrieved February 2, 2022.
- from the original on February 1, 2022. Retrieved February 1, 2022.
- ProQuest 1221580723.
- ProQuest 1653813198.
- ^ Walker, Danton (November 22, 1938). "Broadway". New York Daily News. p. 211. Archived from the original on February 2, 2022. Retrieved February 2, 2022 – via newspapers.com.
- ^ Sylvester, Robert (December 27, 1938). "Whiteman and New Nite Club Holiday Hits". New York Daily News. p. 34. Archived from the original on February 2, 2022. Retrieved February 2, 2022 – via newspapers.com.
- ^ ProQuest 1653782463.
- from the original on February 2, 2022. Retrieved February 2, 2022.
- ProQuest 1287154449.
- from the original on February 2, 2022. Retrieved February 2, 2022.
- from the original on February 2, 2022. Retrieved February 2, 2022.
- ProQuest 1325128040.
- ^ from the original on February 2, 2022. Retrieved February 2, 2022.
- ^ ProQuest 1438360344.
- ProQuest 1016976484.
- ^ Walker, Danton (October 17, 1953). "Broadway". New York Daily News. p. 32. Archived from the original on February 2, 2022. Retrieved February 2, 2022 – via newspapers.com.
- from the original on February 2, 2022. Retrieved February 2, 2022.
- from the original on February 2, 2022. Retrieved February 2, 2022.
- ProQuest 1327299403.
- from the original on February 2, 2022. Retrieved February 2, 2022.
- ProQuest 1323957856.
- ^ ProQuest 1326056563.
- ^ a b Century Paramt. Htl. v. Rock Land Corp Archived February 3, 2022, at the Wayback Machine. Civil Court of the City of New York, Trial Term, New York County. 68 Misc. 2d 603, 604-5 (N.Y. Misc. 1971). November 3, 1971. Retrieved May 12, 2020.
- ProQuest 1325462711.
- from the original on February 2, 2022. Retrieved February 2, 2022.
- ProQuest 1327545379.
- ProQuest 1327544863.
- ^ from the original on February 2, 2022. Retrieved February 2, 2022.
- from the original on February 2, 2022. Retrieved February 2, 2022.
- ProQuest 118522392.
- ProQuest 1014850988.
- ProQuest 963145615.
- ^ See, for example:
- "Franc-ly, they'll take Manhattan". New York Daily News. January 28, 1979. p. 188. Retrieved October 13, 2023 – via newspapers.com.
- Oser 1980.
- from the original on February 2, 2022. Retrieved February 2, 2022.
- from the original on May 25, 2015. Retrieved February 2, 2022.
- ^ from the original on June 4, 2022. Retrieved February 2, 2022.
- from the original on October 29, 2021. Retrieved October 29, 2021.
- ^ Shepard, Joan (August 28, 1985). "Is the final curtain near?". New York Daily News. pp. 462, 464. Archived from the original on September 21, 2021. Retrieved September 16, 2021 – via newspapers.com.
- from the original on November 8, 2017. Retrieved November 13, 2021.
- from the original on October 16, 2021. Retrieved October 16, 2021.
- ^ a b Mulcahy, Susan (May 28, 1986). "Inside New York". Newsday. p. 135. Archived from the original on February 2, 2022. Retrieved February 2, 2022 – via newspapers.com.
- ^ from the original on February 2, 2022. Retrieved February 2, 2022.
- ProQuest 219126061.
- ProQuest 135454149.
- ^ from the original on February 3, 2022. Retrieved February 3, 2022.
- ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved January 18, 2023.
- ProQuest 278156417.
- ProQuest 1730640532.
- ^ ISBN 0-7385-0428-9.
- from the original on February 2, 2022. Retrieved February 2, 2022.
- ^ Stasi, Linda (June 26, 1990). "Fast facts". Newsday. p. 13. Archived from the original on February 3, 2022. Retrieved February 3, 2022 – via newspapers.com.
- ProQuest 219168884.
- ^ Stasi, Linda (August 9, 1991). "Fast Facts". Newsday. p. 14. Archived from the original on February 3, 2022. Retrieved February 3, 2022 – via newspapers.com.
- from the original on February 3, 2022. Retrieved February 3, 2022.
- from the original on February 3, 2022. Retrieved February 3, 2022.
- ^ "Chi-Chi Brasserie Only So-So". New York Daily News. October 16, 1992. p. 236. Archived from the original on February 3, 2022. Retrieved February 3, 2022 – via newspapers.com.
- from the original on February 2, 2022. Retrieved February 2, 2022.
- from the original on February 3, 2022. Retrieved February 3, 2022.
- ^ Young, Daniel (August 9, 1996). "Teatro Looks Like a Hit". New York Daily News. p. 676. Archived from the original on February 3, 2022. Retrieved February 3, 2022 – via newspapers.com.
- ^ from the original on February 3, 2022. Retrieved February 3, 2022.
- ProQuest 234920665.
- from the original on February 3, 2022. Retrieved February 3, 2022.
- ProQuest 408924882.
- ^ Ingrassia, Michele (May 11, 2003). "New and renovated hotels add sizzle and style to city nightlife". New York Daily News. p. 146. Archived from the original on February 3, 2022. Retrieved February 3, 2022 – via newspapers.com.
- from the original on February 2, 2022. Retrieved February 3, 2022.
- ^ Sanger, Elizabeth (July 8, 2004). "Strumming a new tune". Newsday. p. 50. Archived from the original on February 3, 2022. Retrieved February 3, 2022 – via newspapers.com.
- ProQuest 310643479.
- ^ a b Weiss, Lois (May 30, 2007). "Hard Rock's End". New York Post. Archived from the original on February 2, 2022. Retrieved February 3, 2022.
- ^ ProQuest 434231183.
- from the original on February 3, 2022. Retrieved February 3, 2022.
- ^ Li, Roland (November 17, 2009). "Paramount Hotel, La MaMa Theater and Two Townhouses Landmarked". Observer. Archived from the original on February 1, 2022. Retrieved February 1, 2022.
- ProQuest 855741166.
- ^ "RFR Holding Buys NY Hotel For $275M". Institutional Investor. June 8, 2011. Archived from the original on February 3, 2022. Retrieved February 3, 2022.
- from the original on August 12, 2011. Retrieved February 3, 2022.
- ^ "Investcorp Buys Debt Used to Back Paramount Hotel Sale". REBusinessOnline. November 15, 2011. Archived from the original on February 3, 2022. Retrieved February 3, 2022.
- ^ Silvester, Jessica (January 23, 2014). "Pop-Up of the Week - Starter Clubhouse at Paramount Hotel -- New York Magazine". New York Magazine. Archived from the original on February 2, 2022. Retrieved February 2, 2022.
- from the original on February 2, 2022. Retrieved February 3, 2022.
- ^ "Paramount Hotel Completes Renovation". InspireDesign. May 22, 2015. Archived from the original on February 3, 2022. Retrieved February 3, 2022.
- ^ Schram, Lauren Elkies (February 12, 2018). "RFR Closing F&B at Paramount Hotel in the Theater District". Commercial Observer. Archived from the original on February 3, 2022. Retrieved February 3, 2022.
- ^ Bautista, Christian (April 10, 2018). "Aby Rosen's RFR lands $140M loan for Times Square hotel". The Real Deal New York. Archived from the original on February 3, 2022. Retrieved February 3, 2022.
- ^ Grossman, Matt (April 10, 2018). "Times Square's Paramount Hotel Secures $140M Refi From Aareal". Commercial Observer. Archived from the original on February 3, 2022. Retrieved February 3, 2022.
- ^ a b Baum, Seth (June 10, 2022). "After a Year of Missed Opportunity, New York Revises Sputtering Hotel-to-Housing Plan". City Limits. Retrieved January 1, 2023.
- ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved January 1, 2023.
- ^ ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved January 1, 2023.
- ^ a b Read, Bridget (December 22, 2022). "Did New York Miss Its Moment To Turn Hotels Into Housing?". Curbed. Retrieved January 1, 2023.
- ^ "Why the vacant Paramount can't be turned into housing". Crain's New York Business. July 15, 2022. Retrieved January 1, 2023.
- ^ Chadha, Janaki (September 19, 2022). "Success eludes New York's plan to convert hotels into affordable housing". POLITICO. Retrieved January 1, 2023.
Sources
- Paramount Hotel (PDF) (Report). New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission. November 17, 2009.
- Stern, Robert A. M.; Gilmartin, Patrick; Mellins, Thomas (1987). New York 1930: Architecture and Urbanism Between the Two World Wars. New York: Rizzoli. OCLC 13860977.
- Rutes, Walter A.; Penner, Richard H.; Adams, Lawrence (2001). Hotel Design, Planning, and Development. W.W. Norton. ISBN 0-393-73055-7. — contains a case study of Schrager's redevelopment of the hotel