Parangipettai
Parangipettai
Porto Novo | ||
---|---|---|
Town Panchayath | ||
Telephone code 04144 | | |
Website | https://parangipettai.com |
Parangipettai (
Its strategic location on the Coromandel Coast has long made it a major trading center. In particular, it was an important trading destination for the Arabs, especially the Yemenis. During the colonial era, the Portuguese, the Dutch and the English successively colonized the area.
There is also a Gandhian connection to Parangipettai. Anne Marie Petersen became in 1909 a missionary in the so-called Loventhal Mission. The foundation stone was laid by Mahatma Gandhi himself in 1921, and a few years later, the school was officially opened under the name Seva Mandir at a place called Porto Novo, near Chidambaram, in Tamil Nadu, South India.
Today, Parangipettai has evolved into a well-developed town with nearly all necessities such as healthcare, education and transport. It also hosts a marine biology station that is affiliated with the Annamalai University.
The town is an important pilgrimage center for Muslims and Hindus.
Etymology
Throughout history, Parangipettai has taken many different names. Parangipettai is mentioned in classical
The town is now known as Parangipettai. In Tamil, the word parangiar refers to Europeans, and pettai means place. Thus, Parangipettai translates to the "abode of the
History
In 1733, the Swedish East India Company established a factory in Porto Novo though after a month it was destroyed by the British and the French.[3]
In 1801, Sir George Leith, who was then Lieutenant Governor of
The
The town flourished as a seaport with connections to southeast Asia and as an industrial center during British rule, when iron made here was exported to
Climate
The Parangipettai has heavy rainfall during the
Climate data for Parangipettai (Porto Novo) 1981–2010, extremes 1968–2011 | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °C (°F) | 33.0 (91.4) |
35.5 (95.9) |
39.9 (103.8) |
41.5 (106.7) |
43.5 (110.3) |
42.5 (108.5) |
40.5 (104.9) |
39.5 (103.1) |
46.0 (114.8) |
38.0 (100.4) |
37.3 (99.1) |
36.4 (97.5) |
46.0 (114.8) |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 29.2 (84.6) |
30.3 (86.5) |
32.3 (90.1) |
34.7 (94.5) |
37.3 (99.1) |
37.5 (99.5) |
36.1 (97.0) |
35.4 (95.7) |
34.4 (93.9) |
32.3 (90.1) |
29.8 (85.6) |
29.0 (84.2) |
33.2 (91.8) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 20.6 (69.1) |
21.1 (70.0) |
23.0 (73.4) |
25.3 (77.5) |
26.2 (79.2) |
26.1 (79.0) |
25.3 (77.5) |
24.8 (76.6) |
24.6 (76.3) |
24.0 (75.2) |
22.7 (72.9) |
21.4 (70.5) |
23.8 (74.8) |
Record low °C (°F) | 14.0 (57.2) |
14.0 (57.2) |
17.8 (64.0) |
18.8 (65.8) |
19.0 (66.2) |
19.3 (66.7) |
18.7 (65.7) |
18.6 (65.5) |
17.8 (64.0) |
17.0 (62.6) |
16.5 (61.7) |
14.5 (58.1) |
14.0 (57.2) |
Average rainfall mm (inches) | 39.1 (1.54) |
42.1 (1.66) |
32.4 (1.28) |
17.9 (0.70) |
37.8 (1.49) |
43.0 (1.69) |
65.4 (2.57) |
87.9 (3.46) |
118.0 (4.65) |
259.4 (10.21) |
433.0 (17.05) |
238.6 (9.39) |
1,414.5 (55.69) |
Average rainy days | 1.9 | 1.4 | 0.4 | 0.8 | 1.5 | 2.8 | 3.9 | 4.8 | 5.1 | 9.5 | 11.5 | 6.4 | 50.0 |
Average relative humidity (%) (at 17:30 IST )
|
76 | 75 | 75 | 74 | 70 | 61 | 63 | 66 | 71 | 77 | 81 | 78 | 72 |
Source: India Meteorological Department[7][8] |
Religion
In Parangipettai, various faiths live together in relative peace. Muslims and Hindus reside in the town in nearly equal numbers. Christians also live here. Among the Muslims are clans or family groups, but they necessarily affect social interactions like marriages and mutual living. Some of the Muslims are the Maraicars, Sahibs, Ravuthtars and Pattans. The most common ones are Maraicar. Maraicar the name faded claims to have derived from the old Tamil term 'Marakkalangalin aayargal' meaning 'Kings of Boats', a title said to be given by the Southern Tamil Hindu King Vijaya Raghunadha Sedhupathy Thondamaan (King Sethu) to the Arab traders from parts of Shia Yemen and Sunni Arabia, now Saudi Arabia, who and were the reigning members of coastal trade with those regions.[11]
At 2011 census, Parangipettai had a population of 1,10,073, with males constituting 50.23% of the population and females 49.77%.
It has a religious practice Hinduism average of 56.34%, at second place Islam average of 42.69%, then Christianity average is 0.47%, Jainism is 0.07% and others or not stated 0.43%.[10]
Book
The First and only book about the Muslims of Parangipettai was written in Tamil and published by Jenifah Academy in December 2017. Named "Mahmoodbandar Parangipettai Muslimgal - Oru Paarvaiyum pathivum", this is the only known record about the Muslims of Parangipettai, their History, Culture, lifestyles, etc.
The first book of their history spanning more than a thousand years and their contemporary lives titled "Mahmoodbandar Parangipettai Muslims - A View and Record" was released on 23.12.2017 at Parangipettai Mahmoodiah Shaadi Mahaal. The author of the book is L. Hameed Maraicar.[12]
The author of the book L. Hameed Maraicar In his speech, described his dream for this book and how the endeavor began. In 1998, when he moved back to this town, he explained the difficulties he faced in the creation of this book, from traveling with his friends on a bicycle to learning about the living conditions of Muslims in the nearby villages of Parangipettai.
Demographics
Population of Parangipettai 1871 - 2011 | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Census Year | No. of Village Panchayats | Total Population | Total Male | Total Female | Under 6 years of Age |
1871[13] | T | 7,182 | * | * | * |
1881[14] | T | 7,823 | 3,122 | 4,701 | * |
1891[15] | T | 14,061 | 6,190 | 7,871 | * |
1901[16] | T | 13,712 | 5,957 | 7,755 | * |
1911[17] | T | 15,804 | 7,232 | 8,572 | * |
1921[18] | T | 12,940 | 6,021 | 6,019 | * |
1931[19] | T | 13,762 | 6,329 | 7,433 | ~1,820 |
1941[20] | T | 14,145 | 6,624 | 7,521 | * |
1951[21] | TP | 15,084 | 6,874 | 8,210 | * |
1961[22] | TP | 15,139 | 7,078 | 8,061 | * |
1971[23] | TP | 17,412 | 7,917 | 9,495 | * |
1981[24] | TP | 20,100 | 9,079 | 11.021 | * |
1991[25] | TP | 23,550 | 10,890 | 12,660 | 2,716 |
2001[26] | 57[27] | 20,901 | 10,178 | 10,723 | 2,457 |
2011[1] | 41[28] | 25,541 | 12,733 | 12,808 | 3,022 |
Source: Census of India & Directorate of Census Operations of Tamil Nadu |
At 2001 Census
Parangipettai had a population of 20,901, with males constituting 49% of the population and females 51%. In Parangipettai, 12% of the population is under 6 years of age. Parangipettai has an average literacy rate of 75%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 81%, and female literacy is 69%. [29]
At 2011 Census
Parangipettai had a population of 1,10,073, with males constituting 50.23% of the population and females 49.77%. In Parangipettai, 11.25% of the population is under 6 years of age.[30]
Parangipettai has an average literacy rate of 70.45%, Lower than the national average of 73.5%: male literacy is 76.21%, and female literacy is 64.64%.[31]
Year | Population (% change from prior Census) |
---|---|
1871 | 7,182
|
1881 | 7,823(+8.9%)
|
1891 | 14,061(+79.7%)
|
1901 | 13,712(-2.4%)
|
1911 | 15,804(+15.3%)
|
1921 | 12,940(-18.1%)
|
1931 | 13,762(+6.4%)
|
1941 | 14,175(+3.0%)
|
1951 | 15,084(+6.4%)
|
1961 | 15,139(+0.4%)
|
1971 | 17,412(+15.0%)
|
1981 | 20,100(+15.4%)
|
1991 | 23,550(+17.2%)
|
2001 | 20,912(-11.2%)
|
2011 | 25,541(+12.2%)
|
Census | Literacy rate | Illiteracy rate | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Year | Average Literate | Total Literate | Male | Female | No. of Male | No. of Female | Average Illiterate | Total Illiterate | Male | Female | No. of Male | No. of Female |
1991 | 64.23% | 15,128 | 72.23% | 57.36% | 7,866 | 7,262 | 35.77% | 8,422 | 27.77% | 42.64% | 3,024 | 5,398 |
2001 | 74.88% | 15,651 | 80.92% | 69.15% | 8,236 | 7,415 | 25.12% | 5,250 | 19.08% | 30.85% | 1,942 | 3,308 |
2011 | 77.71% | 19,850 | 80.92% | 74.53% | 10,304 | 9,546 | 22.29% | 5,691 | 19.08% | 25.47% | 2,429 | 3,262 |
Source: Census of India |
Economy
Historically, Parangipettai was a trading port, and it now contributes around 3.5% of the state's total fish catch, which is distributed to various districts and other states in the country. Seafood is also exported to other countries overseas. Among the major seafood merchants from the place is SeaFoods Ltd., with a well-connected marketing network around the world.[35]
The production of a kind of extremely soft mat by Labbai's women, which is used for sleeping and as a hold-all for clothing and bedding, is the sole notable in Porto Novo. These are produced from the screw-pine (Pandanus odoratissimus) leaves are claimed to be copies of those formerly manufactured in Achin. even though it is generally accepted that their original quality has been much excelled in both color and texture.[36]
Transport
Railways
Parangipettai Railway Station (Code: PO) is a Very Important Station Historically and Economically. During the British rule in Parangipettai and about 15 years after the independence of the country, the railway transport was good. After the modernization of transport facilities, Parangipettai was left very backward.
After conversion to broad gauge, only 6 trains bound for
, a total of 8 trains stop at Parangipettai. Not one of the more than 60 express trains that pass through Parangipettai stops here.Ship
This port carries on a busy trade with
Places
Parangipettai Water Sports Complex
The
On the direction of the Sub-collector, the CAS in Marine Biology, the Faculty of Marine Sciences conceived the idea and drafted the proposal for setting up of Water sports complex and later got approved by the District Administration. Subsequently, Annamalai University entered into
Hyder Ali War location
The
Portonovo Lighthouse cum Navtex Station (Parangipettai) was established by Government of India in the year of 1980, Parangipettai is located on the north bank of the mouth of the Vellar River at a distance of 30 km from Cuddalore.
The popular Temple of “Thillai Natarajer” in Chidambaram is located about 18 km from Portonovo lighthouse. Parangipettai has evolved into a well-developed town with nearly all basic necessities such as healthcare, education and transport.
It also hosts a Biology Station affiliated with the Annamalai University.[43]
References
- ^ a b "POPULATION CENSUS_ 2011 FOR VILLAGE PANCHAYATS AND PANCHAYAT UNIONS" (PDF). Published by DIRECTORATE OF CENSUS OPERATIONS of Tamilnadu. PDF Pg. No. 35
- ^ a b Prof. Dr. M. Srinivasan and Dr. A. C. Ratheesh (February 2019). Parampariyam Miguntha Parangipettai. Environmental Information Center CASMB Annamalai University.
- ^ "Porto Novo". Nordisk familjebok (in Swedish). Retrieved 2 December 2018.
- doi:10.7773/cm.v19i3.935. Vol. 19, No. 3, 343–351, Ciencias Mankas.
- ^ "Heavy rain lashes Chennai". The New Indian Express. 8 November 2021.
- ^ "Tamil Nadu Rains". The Hindu. 16 November 2023.
- ^ "Station: Port Novo Climatological Table 1981–2010" (PDF). Climatological Normals 1981–2010. India Meteorological Department. January 2015. pp. 621–622. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 February 2020. Retrieved 29 March 2020.
- ^ "Extremes of Temperature & Rainfall for Indian Stations (Up to 2012)" (PDF). India Meteorological Department. December 2016. p. M201. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 February 2020. Retrieved 29 March 2020.
- ^ "Table C-01 Population by Religion: Tamil Nadu". censusindia.gov.in. Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India. 2011.
- ^ a b "Parangipettai Population Religion Data". Census Commission of India. 2011.
- ^ Rājāmukamatu, Je (2005). Maritime History of the Coromandel Muslims: A Socio-historical Study on the Tamil Muslims 1750-1900. Chennai, India: Director of Museums, Government Museum.
- ^ "மஹ்மூத்பந்தர் பரங்கிப்பேட்டை முஸ்லிம்கள் – ஒரு பார்வையும் பதிவும்… நூல் வெளியீட்டு விழா".Published by Jenifah Academy on 23/12/2017. Author - L. Hameed Maraicar.
- ^ "Statement of Population of 1871 in Each Village of the South Arcot District" (PDF). Published by GANTZ BROTHERS, AT THE ADELPHI PRESS, MOUNT ROAD, MADRAS. PDF Pg. No. 217
- JSTOR saoa.crl.25057665. Book Pg. No. 433
- JSTOR saoa.crl.25352817. Book Pg. No. 9
- ^ "Census of India, Vol. XV-A: Madras Part II, 1901". Published by SUPERINTENDENT GOVERNMENT PRESS, MADRAS. PDF Pg. No. 17
- ^ "IMPERIAL AND PROVINCIAL TABLES, Madras. Part II, Vol-XII, 1911" (PDF). Published by SUPERINTENDENT GOVERNMENT PRESS, MADRAS. PDF Pg. No. 13
- ^ "VILLAGE STATISTICS SOUTH ARCOT DISTRICT, 1921" (PDF). Published by THE SUPERINTENDENT, GOVERNMENT PRESS, MADRAS. PDF Pg. No. 8
- ^ "Provincial Tables, Part III, Vol-XIV,1931" (PDF). Superintendent of Census Operations, Madras.PDF Pg. No.30
- ^ "VILLAGE STATISTICS SOUTH ARCOT DISTRICT, 1941" (PDF). Published by SUPERINTENDENT GOVERNMENT PRESS, MADRAS. PDF Pg. No. 3
- ^ "Census Handbook, South Arcot, 1951" (PDF). Published by SUPERINTENDENT GOVERNMENT PRESS, MADRAS. PDF Pg. No. 27
- ^ "District Census Handbook, South Arcot, Part X-III, Vol-II, Vol-IX, 1961" (PDF). Published by SUPERINTENDENT OF CENSUS Operations, MADRAS. PDF Pg. No. 463-465
- ^ "Administrative Atlas, Part IX-A, Vol-I, Series-19, 1971" (PDF). Published by DIRECTOR OF CENSUS OPERATIONS TAMIL NADU AND PONDICHERRY. PDF Pg. No. 120
- ^ "Final Population Totals of Tamil Nadu, 1981" (PDF). Published by Director of Census Operation Tamil Nadu. PDF Pg. No. 51
- ^ "Final Population of Tamil Nadu, 1991" (PDF). Published by DIRECTORATE OF CENSUS OPERATIONS, Tamilnadu. PDF Pg. No.147
- ^ "POPULATION CENSUS_ 2001 FOR VILLAGE PANCHAYATS AND PANCHAYAT UNIONS". Published by Census Commission of India. Archived from the original on 16 June 2004. PDF Pg. No. 484-485
- ^ "Census of India 2001 - Series 17 - District Census Handbook Tamil Nadu, Part A & B - Cuddalore" (PDF). Published by Census of India 2001 - District Census Handbook Tamil Nadu, Cuddalore.
- ^ "No.of Parangipettai Village Panchayaths" (PDF). Published by Cuddalore District Collectorate Office.
- ^ "Census of India 2001: Data from the 2001 Census, including cities, villages and towns (Provisional)". Census Commission of India. Archived from the original on 16 June 2004. Retrieved 1 November 2008.
- ^ "POPULATION CENSUS_ 2011 FOR VILLAGE PANCHAYATS AND PANCHAYAT UNIONS" (PDF). Published by DIRECTORATE OF CENSUS OPERATIONS of Tamilnadu.
- ^ "DISTRICT CENSUS HANDBOOK 2011, CUDDALORE" (PDF). Published by DIRECTORATE OF CENSUS OPERATIONS of Tamilnadu.
- ^ "Statement of Population of 1871 in Each Village of the South Arcot District" (PDF). Published by GANTZ BROTHERS, AT THE ADELPHI PRESS, MOUNT ROAD, MADRAS. PDF Pg. No. 217
- ^ "DISTRICT CENSUS HANDBOOK TAMIL NADU, PART A & B - CUDDALORE,2001" (PDF). Director of Census Operations, Tamil Nadu.PDF Pg. No.484-485
- ^ "DISTRICT CENSUS HANDBOOK CUDDALORE, 2011" (PDF). DIRECTORATE OF CENSUS OPERATIONS TAMIL NADU.Pg. No.28
- ^ Kaja Nazimudeen (14 March 2017). "தொட்டு விடும் தூரம்". Portonovocomputertech.blogspot.com. Retrieved 25 June 2017.
- ^ Francis W (1906). South Arcot District Gazetteers.
- ISBN 978-1-4456-5082-1– via Google Books.
- ^ Dr. V. Palanichamy (2007). French Trade In Porto Novo A.D. 1673-1780.
- ^ "Parangipettai Water Sports Complex".
- ^ Malleson, George Bruce (1914). The Decisive Battles of India: from 1746 to 1849. Reeves & Turner. p. 254.
- ^ Barua, Pradeep. The state at war in South Asia, pp. 80–81.
- ^ *Garstin, John Henry. Manual of the South Arcot district, pp. 152–154.
- ^ "Portonovo Lighthouse And Navtex Station". Established & Maintaining by Directorate of Lighthouses and Lightships, Ministry of Ports, Government of India.
External links
- Business & Service Listing of Parangipettai
- PortoNovo Payaniyar Nala Sangam - பரங்கிப்பேட்டை பயணியர் நலச்சங்கம்
- Encyclopedia of Parangipettai
- PSAO - Parangipettai Social Activities Organization
- LEAP - Learning & Educational Academy of Portonovo
- தர்மம் செய்வோம் குழுமம், பரங்கிப்பேட்டை
- Parangipettai.tripod.com
- Latest Parangipettai News
- Porto-Novo.in
- Parangipettai Memes
- Novians Google Group
- Oor Sethi - Local Tamil News App. Oor Sethi App Developed by Parangipettai Tech people.