Paratha
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Paratha (pronounced
History
The word paratha is derived from Sanskrit (S. पर, or परा+स्थः, or स्थितः).
According to Banerji (2010), parathas are associated with Punjabi and North Indian cooking. The Punjabi method is to stuff parathas with a variety of stuffings. However, Banerji states, the Mughals were also fond of parathas which gave rise to the Dhakai paratha, multilayered and flaky, taking its name from Dhaka in Bangladesh.[9] O'Brien (2003) suggests that it is not correct to state that the Punjabi paratha was popularised in Delhi after the 1947 partition of India, as the Punjabi item was prevalent in Delhi before then.[10]
Plain and stuffed varieties
Nutritional value per 100 g (3.5 oz) | |
---|---|
Energy | 327 kcal (1,370 kJ) |
45.36 g | |
Sugars | 4.15 |
Dietary fiber | 9.6 g |
13.20 g | |
6.36 g | |
Niacin (B3) | 11% 1.830 mg |
Pantothenic acid (B5) | 0% 0 mg |
Vitamin B6 | 6% 0.08 mg |
Folate (B9) | 0% 0 μg |
Vitamin E | 9% 1.35 mg |
Vitamin K | 3% 3.4 μg |
Minerals | Quantity %DV† |
Calcium | 2% 25 mg |
Iron | 9% 1.61 mg |
Magnesium | 9% 37 mg |
Phosphorus | 10% 120 mg |
Potassium | 3% 139 mg |
Sodium | 20% 452 mg |
Zinc | 7% 0.82 mg |
Other constituents | Quantity |
Water | 33.5 g |
†Percentages estimated using US recommendations for adults.[11] |
Parathas are one of the most popular
To achieve the layered dough for plain parathas, a number of different traditional techniques exist.[13] These include covering the thinly rolled-out pastry with oil, folding back and forth like a paper fan and coiling the resulting strip into a round shape before rolling flat, baking on a tava and/or shallow frying. Another method is to cut a circle of dough from the center to its circumference along its radius, oiling the dough and starting at the cut edge rolling so as to form a cone which is then squashed into a disc shape and rolled out. The method of oiling and repeatedly folding the dough as in western puff pastry also exists, and this is combined with folding patterns that give traditional geometrical shapes to the finished parathas. Parathas can be round, heptagonal, square, or triangular.[citation needed]
Common stuffed varieties include mashed spiced potatoes (aloo paratha), dal, cauliflower (gobi paratha), and minced lamb (keema paratha). Less common stuffing ingredients include mixed vegetables, green beans, carrots, other meats, leaf vegetables, radishes, and paneer. A Rajasthani mung bean paratha uses both the layering technique together with mung dal mixed into the dough. Some stuffed parathas are not layered, lacking in the flakiness of plain parathas, and instead resemble a filled pie squashed flat and shallow-fried, using two discs of dough sealed around the edges. Alternatively, they can be made by using a single disc of dough to encase a ball of filling and sealed with a series of pleats pinched into the dough around the top, they are then gently flattened with the palm against the working surface before being rolled into a circle.[citation needed]
Serving
The paratha is an important part of a traditional breakfast from the Indian subcontinent. Traditionally, it is made using
Types
- Aloo paratha (stuffed with spicy boiled potato and onions mix).
- Chili parotha or mirchi paratha (incorporating small, spicy shredded pieces)
- Dulhan paratha (originating from Hyderabad, Sindh)
- Gobi paratha (stuffed with flavoured cauliflower)
- Paneer Paratha (stuffed with farmer cheese)
- KeemaParatha (stuffed with Keema, a spiced ground meat usually made up of chicken or lamb)
- Pyaz Paratha (stuffed with flavoured onions)
- Cheese Paratha (stuffed with cheese)
- Mughlai paratha (a deep-fried stuffed paratha filled with egg and minced meat from Bangladesh and West Bengal of India)
- Petai paratha (thin, flaky and hand-smashed paratha from West Bengal, India)
- Dhakai paratha (flaky layered paratha from Bangladesh and West Bengal of India)
- Murthal Paratha, deep-fried, Dhabas of Haryana and especially at Murthal on Grand Trunk Road are famous for this[14][15][16]
- Roti prata(Singapore)
- Roti canai (Malaysia and Indonesia)
- Buss-up-shut (Trinidad; the name is Trinidadian Creole for "busted-up shirt", for the resemblance of the shreddy bread to ragged old clothes)
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Punjabi Aloo Paratha served with Butter, from India
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Kolkata, India.
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Dhakai Paratha from West Bengal, India
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Aloo paratha from northern India
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Paratha served with tea in a Pakistani Hotel
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Trinidadian-style roti paratha (buss-up shut)
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In Myanmar, paratha is commonly eaten as a dessert, sprinkled with sugar.
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Petai Paratha (Smashed Paratha), a West Bengal variant served with light vegetable curry
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Lachha Paratha
See also
- Gali Paranthe Wali
- Roti canai, a variant from Southeast Asia
- Scallion pancake
- Cōng yóu bǐng, a similar Chinese flatbread stuffed with minced scallions
- Parotta
- Mughlai paratha
- Naan
- List of bread dishes
- List of Indian breads
References
- ^ ISBN 978-1-59691-712-5.
- ^ ISBN 9780864427038.
- ^ "Al Islami Foods Expands into Frozen Dough Market with New Paratha - the Halal Times". 17 March 2021.
- ISBN 978-0-393-05794-2.
- ISBN 9788171825479– via Google Books.
- ^ Platts, John (1884). "A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English". A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English. W. H. Allen & Co. Archived from the original on 9 June 2020. Retrieved 19 March 2017.
parāṭhā [S. पर, or परा+स्थः, or स्थितः], s.m. A cake made with butter or ghī, and of several layers, like pie-crust.
- ISBN 978-81-7371-293-7.
- ^ Nijjer, Bakhshish Singh (1968). Panjāb under the sultāns, 1000–1526 A.D.. Sterling Publishers.
- ^ Banerji, Chitrita (2010). Eating India: Exploring the Food and Culture of the Land of Spices. Bloomsbury.
- ^ O'Brien, Charmaine (2003). Flavours Of Delhi: A Food Lover's Guide. Penguin.
- ^ United States Department of Agriculture; Agricultural Research Service (2019). "FoodData Central". Retrieved 18 March 2024.
- ISBN 9780307517692– via Google Books.
- ISBN 9780307517692– via Google Books.
- ^ "The Tribune - Magazine section - Windows". www.tribuneindia.com.
- ^ Balasubramaniam, Chitra (2 February 2013). "Food Safari: In search of Murthal Paratha The Hindu newspaper, 2-Feb-2013". The Hindu.
- ^ "Highway Bites: Dhabas Vs food chains - Times of India". The Times of India. 6 September 2015.