Congress of the Philippines
Congress of the Philippines Kongreso ng Pilipinas | |
---|---|
Juan Miguel Zubiri, Independent since July 25, 2022[1] | |
Structure | |
Seats | 340 (see list) 24 senators 316 representatives |
political groups |
|
House of Representatives political groups | |
Joint committees | Joint committees are chaired by senators |
Authority | Article VI of the Constitution of the Philippines |
Elections | |
Multiple non-transferable vote | |
Parallel voting (Party-list proportional representation and first-past-the-post) | |
Last Senate election | May 9, 2022 |
Last House of Representatives election | May 9, 2022 |
Next Senate election | May 12, 2025 |
Next House of Representatives election | May 12, 2025 |
Meeting place | |
The Senate meets at the GSIS Building, Financial Center, Jose W. Diokno Boulevard, Pasay | |
The House of Representatives meets at the Batasang Pambansa Complex, Quezon City, which also hosts joint sessions | |
Website | |
econgress |
The Congress of the Philippines (
The Senate is composed of 24 senators[4] half of which are elected every three years. Each senator, therefore, serves a total of six years. The senators are elected at-large and do not represent any geographical district.
In the current 19th Congress, there are 316 seats in the House of Representatives. The Constitution states that the House "shall be composed of not more than 250 members, unless otherwise fixed by law," and that at least 20% of it shall be sectoral representatives. There are two types of congressmen: the district and party-list representatives. At the time of the ratification of the constitution, there were 200 districts, leaving 50 seats for party-list representatives.
The district congressmen represent a particular congressional district of the country. All provinces in the country are composed of at least one congressional district. Several cities also have their own congressional districts, with some having two or more representatives.[3] From 200 districts in 1987, the number of districts have increased to 253.[5] Every new Congress has seen an increase in the number of districts.
The party-list congressmen represent the minority sectors of the population. This enables these minority groups to be represented in the Congress, when they would otherwise not be represented properly through district representation. Party-list representatives represent labor unions, rights groups, and other organizations.[3] With the increase of districts also means that the seats for party-list representatives increase as well, as the 1:4 ratio has to be respected.
The Constitution provides that Congress shall convene for its regular session every year beginning on the 4th Monday of July. A regular session can last until thirty days before the opening of its next regular session in the succeeding year. The president may, however, call special sessions which are usually held between regular legislative sessions to handle emergencies or urgent matters.[3]
History
Spanish era
During the Spanish colonization of the Philippines, municipal governments, or Cabildos were established. One such example was the Cabildo in Manila, established in 1571.[6]
While the Philippines was under colonial rule as part of the
By July 1810, Governor General Manuel González de Aguilar received the instruction to hold an election. As only the Manila Municipal Council qualified to elect a representative, it was tasked to select a delegate. Three of its representatives, the governor-general and the Archbishop of Manila selected Ventura de los Reyes as Manila's delegate to the Cortes. De los Reyes arrived in Cadiz in December 1811.[7]
However, with
The Revolutionary era
The Illustrados' campaign transformed into the Philippine Revolution that aimed to overthrow Spanish rule. Proclaiming independence on June 12, 1898, President Emilio Aguinaldo then ordered the convening of a revolutionary congress at Malolos. The Malolos Congress, among other things, approved the Malolos Constitution. With the approval of the Treaty of Paris, the Spanish ceded the Philippines to the United States. The revolutionaries, attempting to prevent American conquest, launched the Philippine–American War, but were defeated when Aguinaldo was captured in 1901.[4]
The American era
When the
The
In 1916, the
The Commonwealth and Second Republic era
The legislative system was changed again in 1935. The 1935
The Independence era
Upon the inauguration of the
As early as 1970, Marcos had convened a constitutional convention to revise the 1935 Constitution; in 1973, the
Marcos was overthrown after the
Seat
The two houses of Congress meet at different places in Metro Manila, the seat of government: the Senate meets at the GSIS Building, the main office of the Government Service Insurance System (GSIS) in Pasay, while the House of Representatives sits at the Batasang Pambansa Complex in Quezon City. The two are around 25 kilometers (16 mi) apart.
The Barasoain Church in Malolos, Bulacan served as a meeting place of unicameral congress of the First Philippine Republic.
After the Americans defeated the First Republic, the US-instituted
With the Legislative Building destroyed during the
With the overthrow of Marcos after the People Power Revolution, the bicameral Congress was restored. The House of Representatives inherited the Batasang Pambansa Complex, while the Senate returned to the Congress Building. In May 1997, the Senate moved to the newly constructed building owned by the GSIS on land reclaimed from Manila Bay in Pasay; the Congress Building was eventually transformed into the National Museum of Fine Arts. The Senate will eventually move into a new building that they would own in Fort Bonifacio, Taguig.
Powers
The powers of the Congress of the Philippines may be classified as:
- General Legislative
- It consists of the enactment of laws intended as a rule of conduct to govern the relation between individuals (i.e., civil laws, commercial laws, etc.) or between individuals and the state (i.e., criminal law, political law, etc.)[4]
- Implied Powers
- It is essential to the effective exercise of other powers expressly granted to the assembly.
- Inherent Powers
- These are the powers which although not expressly given are nevertheless exercised by the Congress as they are necessary for its existence such as:
- to determine the rules of proceedings;
- to compel attendance of absent members to obtain quorum to do business;
- to keep journal of its proceedings; etc.
- Specific Legislative
- It has reference to powers which the Constitution expressly and specifically directs to perform or execute.
- Powers enjoyed by the Congress classifiable under this category are:
- Power to appropriate;
- Power to act as a constituent assembly (for drafting an amendment to the constitution upon a vote of three-fourths of all its members);
- Power to impeach (the House of Representatives initiates all cases of impeachment, and successful cases are referred to the Senate for trial; officials convicted by the Senate are removed from office);
- Power to confirm treaties (only the Senate is authorized to use this power);
- Power to declare the existence of war (The Senate and the House of Representatives must convene in joint session to do this);
- Power to concur amnesty;
- Power to act as a board of canvassers for presidential/vice-presidential votes (by creating a joint congressional committee to do the canvassing);
- Budgetary power;
- Power to implement taxes.
- Executive
- Powers of the Congress that are executive in nature are:
- Appointment of its officers;
- Affirming treaties;
- Confirming presidential appointees through the Commission on Appointments;
- Removal power; etc.
- Supervisory
- The Congress of the Philippines exercises considerable control and supervision over the administrative branch - e.g.:
- To decide the creation of a department/agency/office;
- To define powers and duties of officers;
- To appropriate funds for governmental operations;
- To prescribe rules and procedure to be followed; etc.
- Electoral
- Considered as electoral power of the Congress of the Philippines are the Congress' power to:
- Elect its presiding officer/s and other officers of the House;
- Act as board of canvassers for the canvass of presidential/vice-presidential votes; and
- Elect the President in case of any electoral tie to the said post.
- Judicial
- Constitutionally, each house has judicial powers:
- To punish its Members for disorderly behavior, and, with the concurrence of two-thirds of all its Members, suspend or expel a Member
- To concur and approve amnesty declared by the President of the Philippines;
- To initiate, prosecute and thereafter decide cases of impeachment; and
- To decide electoral protests of its members through the respective Electoral Tribunal.
- Miscellaneous
- The other powers of Congress mandated by the Constitution are as follows:
- To authorize the Commission on Audit to audit fund and property;
- To authorize the President of the Philippines to fix tariff rates, quotas, and dues;
- To authorize the President of the Philippines to formulate rules and regulations in times of emergency;
- To reapportion legislative districts based on established constitutional standards;
- To implement laws on autonomy;
- To establish a national language commission;
- To implement free public secondary education;
- To allow small scale utilization of natural resources;
- To specify the limits of forest lands and national parks;
- To determine the ownership and extent of ancestral domain; and
- To establish independent economic and planning agency.
Lawmaking
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- Preparation of the bill
- The Member or the Bill Drafting Division of the Reference and Research Bureau prepares and drafts the bill upon the Member's request.
- First reading
- The bill is filed with the Bills and Index Service and the same is numbered and reproduced.
- Three days after its filing, the same is included in the Order of Business for First Reading.
- On First Reading, the Secretary General reads the title and number of the bill. The Speaker refers the bill to the appropriate Committee/s.
- Committee consideration / action
- The Committee where the bill was referred to evaluates it to determine the necessity of conducting public hearings.
- If the Committee finds it necessary to conduct public hearings, it schedules the time thereof, issues public notices and invites resource persons from the public and private sectors, the academe, and experts on the proposed legislation.
- If the Committee determines that public hearing is not needed, it schedules the bill for Committee discussion/s.
- Based on the result of the public hearings or Committee discussions, the Committee may introduce amendments, consolidate bills on the same subject matter, or propose a substitute bill. It then prepares the corresponding committee report.
- The Committee approves the Committee Report and formally transmits the same to the Plenary Affairs Bureau.
- Second reading
- The Committee Report is registered and numbered by the Bills and Index Service. It is included in the Order of Business and referred to the Committee on Rules.
- The Committee on Rules schedules the bill for consideration on Second Reading.
- On Second Reading, the Secretary General reads the number, title and text of the bill and the following takes place:
- Period of Sponsorship and Debate
- Period of Amendments
- Voting, which may be by
- viva voce
- count by tellers
- division of the House
- nominal voting
- Third reading
- The amendments, if any, are engrossed and printed copies of the bill are reproduced for Third Reading.
- The engrossed bill is included in the Calendar of Bills for Third Reading and copies of the same are distributed to all the Members three days before its Third Reading.
- On Third Reading, the Secretary General reads only the number and title of the bill.
- A roll call or nominal voting is called and a Member, if he desires, is given three minutes to explain his vote. No amendment on the bill is allowed at this stage.
- The bill is approved by an affirmative vote of a majority of the Members present.
- If the bill is disapproved, the same is transmitted to the Archives.
- Transmittal of the approved bill to the Senate
- The approved bill is transmitted to the Senate for its concurrence.
- Senate action on approved bill of the House
- The bill undergoes the same legislative process in the Senate.
- Conference committee
- A Conference Committee is constituted and is composed of Members from each House of Congress to settle, reconcile or thresh out differences or disagreements on any provision of the bill.
- The conferees are not limited to reconciling the differences in the bill but may introduce new provisions germane to the subject matter or may report out an entirely new bill on the subject.
- The Conference Committee prepares a report to be signed by all the conferees and the chairman.
- The Conference Committee Report is submitted for consideration/approval of both Houses. No amendment is allowed.
- Transmittal of the bill to the President
- Copies of the bill, signed by the Senate President and the Speaker of the House of Representatives and certified by both the Secretary of the Senate and the Secretary General of the House, are transmitted to the President.
- Presidential action on the bill
- If the bill is approved by the President, it is assigned an RA number and transmitted to the House where it originated.
- Action on approved bill
- The bill is reproduced and copies are sent to the Official Gazette Office for publication and distribution to the implementing agencies. It is then included in the annual compilation of Acts and Resolutions.
- Action on vetoed bill
- The message is included in the Order of Business. If the Congress decides to override the veto, the House and the Senate shall proceed separately to reconsider the bill or the vetoed items of the bill. If the bill or its vetoed items is passed by a vote of two-thirds of the Members of each House, such bill or items shall become a law.
Composition
In the diagrams below, Congress is divided into blocs, with the colors referring to the political party of the person leading that bloc. The blocs are determined by the votes of the members in speakership or Senate presidential elections.
The Senate is composed of the winners of the 2019 and 2022 Senate elections. The House of Representatives is composed of the winners of the 2022 House of Representatives elections. In both chambers, the majority bloc is composed of members generally supportive of the incumbent presidency of Bongbong Marcos, while the minority blocs are those opposed. In the House of Representatives, there is an independent minority bloc, and 4 vacant seats.
In both chambers, membership in committees is determined by the size of the bloc; only members of the majority and minority blocs are given committee memberships. In the Philippines, political parties are liquid, and it is not uncommon for party-mates to find themselves in different blocs.
Leadership
Each chamber is headed by a presiding officer, both elected from their respective membership; in the Senate, it is the Senate President, while in the House of Representatives, it is the Speaker. The Senate also has a Senate president pro tempore, and the House of Representatives has deputy speakers. Each chamber has its own floor leaders.
Voting requirements
The vote requirements in the Congress of the Philippines are as follows:
Requirement | Senate | House of Representatives | Joint session | All members |
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One-fifth |
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N/A | N/A | |
One-third | N/A |
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N/A | N/A |
Majority (50% +1 member) |
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Two-thirds |
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N/A | |||
Three-fourths | N/A | N/A | N/A |
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In most cases, such as the approval of bills, only a majority of members present is needed; on some cases such as the election of presiding officers, a majority of all members, including vacant seats, is needed.
Sessions
A new session of Congress starts after every House of Representatives election. Under the 1935 Constitution as amended in 1940, mid-term elections for the Senate caused its membership to be changed mid-session. From 1945 to 1972, there were two Commonwealth congresses and seven congresses of the Republic, with the 2nd Commonwealth Congress becoming the
Per historical era
In operation | Authority | Government | Legislature | Type | Upper house | Lower house |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1898–99 | Malolos Constitution | First Philippine Republic controlled areas | Malolos Congress
|
Unicameral
|
Malolos Congress
| |
War powers authority of the President of the United States | United States Military Government controlled areas | Martial law; military governor ruled by decree | ||||
1900–1902 | Malolos Constitution | First Philippine Republic controlled areas | Malolos Congress
|
Unicameral
|
Malolos Congress
| |
Appointment by the President of the United States | United States Military Government controlled areas | Taft Commission | Unicameral
|
Philippine Commission | ||
1902–1907 | Philippine Organic Act | Insular Government of the Philippine Islands | Philippine Commission | Unicameral
| ||
1907–1916 | Philippine Legislature | Bicameral
|
Philippine Commission | Philippine Assembly | ||
1916–1935 | Philippine Autonomy Act | Bicameral
|
Senate | House of Representatives | ||
1935–1941 | 1935 Constitution | Commonwealth of the Philippines | National Assembly | Unicameral
|
National Assembly | |
1942–43 | War powers authority of the Emperor of Japan | Empire of Japan | Martial law; governor-general ruled by decree | |||
1943–44 | 1943 Constitution | Second Philippine Republic | National Assembly
|
Unicameral
|
National Assembly
| |
1945–46 | Amendments to the 1935 Constitution | Commonwealth of the Philippines | Congress (Commonwealth) | Bicameral
|
Senate | House of Representatives |
1946–1973 | Third Republic of the Philippines | Congress | Bicameral
| |||
1973–1976 | 1973 Constitution | Philippines under Martial Law | Martial law; president ruled by decree | |||
1976–1978 (never convened) |
Batasang Bayan | Unicameral
|
National Assembly | |||
1978–1986 | Amendments to the 1973 Constitution | Fourth Republic of the Philippines | Batasang Pambansa
|
Unicameral
|
Batasang Pambansa
| |
1986–1987 | Provisional Government | President ruled by decree | ||||
1987–present | 1987 Constitution | Fifth Republic of the Philippines | Congress | Bicameral
|
Senate | House of Representatives |
List of Congresses
Election | Congress | Senate election results | House of Representatives elections results | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pre-1941 | See Philippine Legislature and National Assembly of the Philippines | ||||
1941 | 1st Commonwealth Congress | 24 Nacionalista | 95 Nacionalista 3 independent | ||
1946 | 2nd Commonwealth Congress | 9 Nacionalista (Liberal wing) 6 Nacionalista 1 Popular Front |
49 Nacionalista (Liberal wing) 35 Nacionalista 6 Democratic Alliance 3 others | ||
1st Congress | |||||
1947 | 6 Liberal 2 Nacionalista | ||||
1949 | 2nd Congress | 8 Liberal | 60 Liberal 33 Nacionalista 7 others | ||
1951 | 8 Nacionalista | ||||
1953 | 3rd Congress | 5 Nacionalista 2 Democratic 1 Citizens' |
59 Nacionalista 31 Liberal 11 Democratic 1 independent | ||
1955 | 9 Nacionalista | ||||
1957 | 4th Congress | 6 Nacionalista 2 Liberal |
82 Nacionalista 19 Liberal 1 NCP | ||
1959 | 5 Nacionalista 2 Liberal 1 NCP | ||||
1961 | 5th Congress | 4 Liberal 2 Nacionalista 2 Progressive |
74 Nacionalista 29 Liberal 1 independent | ||
1963 | 4 Liberal 4 Nacionalista | ||||
1965 | 6th Congress | 5 Nacionalista 2 Liberal 1 NCP |
61 Liberal 38 Nacionalista 5 others | ||
1967 | 6 Nacionalista 1 Liberal 1 independent | ||||
1969 | 7th Congress | 6 Nacionalista 2 Liberal |
88 Nacionalista 18 Liberal 4 others | ||
1971 | 5 Liberal 3 Nacionalista | ||||
1978, 1984 | See Batasang Pambansa
| ||||
1987 | 8th Congress | 22 Majority–1 Minority
|
22 LABAN 2 GAD |
43 55 coalitions 32 others 14 appointed sectoral seats | |
1992 | 9th Congress | 23 Majority–1 Minority
|
16 Lakas 1 Liberal |
86 LDP 41 Lakas 30 NPC 11 LP-PDP 32 others 16 appointed sectoral seats | |
1995 | 10th Congress | 22 Majority–1 Minority
|
4 Lakas 4 LDP 1 Nacionalista 1 NPC 1 PRP 1 independent |
160 Majority–22 Minority
|
157 pro-administration coalition 26 opposition coalition 12 hybrid coalitions 9 others 16 appointed sectoral seats |
1998 | 11th Congress | 22 Majority–1 Minority
|
5 Lakas 4 LDP 1 NPC 1 PMP 1 PDP–Laban |
111 Lakas 55 LAMMP 15 Liberal 25 others 14 party-lists | |
2001 | 12th Congress | 13 Majority–11 Minority
|
3 Lakas 2 LDP 1 Liberal 1 PDP–Laban 6 independent |
185 Majority–17 Minority
|
79 Lakas 42 NPC 21 LDP 19 Liberal 48 others 16 party-lists |
2004 | 13th Congress | 13 Majority–10 Minority
|
5 KNP 4 Lakas 2 Liberal 1 PRP |
193 Majority–28 Minority
|
92 Lakas 53 NPC 29 Liberal 15 LDP 20 others 28 party-lists |
2007 | 14th Congress | 15 Majority–7 Minority
|
2 Liberal 2 Nacionalista 2 NPC 2 UNO 1 KAMPI 1 LDP 1 PDP–Laban 1 independent |
193 Majority–1 Minority
|
89 Lakas 44 KAMPI 28 NPC 23 Liberal 11 Nacionalista 23 others 53 party-lists |
2010 | 15th Congress | 17 Majority–3 Minority
|
3 Liberal 2 Lakas–Kampi 2 Nacionalista 2 PMP 1 NPC 1 PRP 1 independent |
227 Majority–29 Minority
|
106 Lakas–Kampi 47 Liberal 29 NPC 25 Nacionalista 22 others 57 party-lists |
2013 | 16th Congress | 17 Majority–6 Minority
|
3 Nacionalista 3 UNA 1 LDP 1 Liberal 1 NPC 1 PDP–Laban |
244 Majority–35 Minority
|
109 Liberal 42 NPC 24 NUP 18 Nacionalista 14 Lakas 27 others 59 party-lists |
2016 | 17th Congress | 20 Majority–3 Minority
|
5 Liberal 2 NPC 1 Akbayan 1 UNA 3 independent |
252 Majority–36 Minority
|
115 Liberal 42 NPC 24 Nacionalista 23 NUP 11 UNA 23 others 59 party-lists |
2019 | 18th Congress | 20 Majority–4 Minority
|
4 PDP–Laban 3 Nacionalista 1 Lakas 1 LDP 1 NPC 1 UNA 1 independent |
266 Majority–28 Minority
|
82 PDP–Laban 42 Nacionalista 37 NPC 23 NUP 18 Liberal 12 Lakas 27 others 61 party-lists |
2022 | 19th Congress | 20 Maj–2 Min–2 Ind
|
4 NPC 1 PDP-Laban 1 Nacionalista 1 Akbayan 1 PMP 4 independent |
282 Majority–5 others
|
66 PDP–Laban 36 Nacionalista 35 NPC 33 NUP 26 Lakas 10 Liberal 47 others 62 party-lists |
Latest elections
Senate
In the Philippines, the most common way to illustrate the result in a Senate election is via a tally of candidates in descending order of votes. The twelve candidates with the highest number of votes are elected.
# | Candidate | Coalition | Party | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1. | Robin Padilla | Tuloy na Pagbabago, UniTeam[c] | PDP–Laban |
27,027,235 | 48.18% | |
2. | Loren Legarda | UniTeam[c], Lacson–Sotto slate[d], MP3[e], Tuloy na Pagbabago[f] | NPC | 24,367,564 | 43.44% | |
3. | Raffy Tulfo | MP3[e], Lacson–Sotto slate[d] | Independent | 23,488,450 | 41.87% | |
4. | Win Gatchalian | UniTeam | NPC | 20,678,804 | 36.86% | |
5. | Francis Escudero | Lacson–Sotto slate[d], MP3[e], TRoPa[g] | NPC | 20,320,069 | 36.22% | |
6. | Mark Villar | UniTeam, Tuloy na Pagbabago[f] | Nacionalista | 19,563,262 | 34.88% | |
7. | Alan Peter Cayetano | Independent | 19,359,758 | 34.51% | ||
8. | Migz Zubiri | UniTeam, Tuloy na Pagbabago,[f] MP3[e] | Independent | 18,931,207 | 33.75% | |
9. | Joel Villanueva | Lacson–Sotto slate[d], MP3[e], TRoPa[g] | Independent | 18,539,537 | 33.05% | |
10. | JV Ejercito | Lacson–Sotto slate, MP3[e] | NPC | 15,901,891 | 28.35% | |
11. | Risa Hontiveros | TRoPa, LEAD[h] | Akbayan | 15,470,005 | 27.58% | |
12. | Jinggoy Estrada | UniTeam, Tuloy na Pagbabago[f] | PMP | 15,174,288 | 27.05% | |
13. | Jejomar Binay | MP3[e], Lacson–Sotto slate[d], TRoPa[g] | UNA | 13,348,887 | 23.80% | |
14. | Herbert Bautista | UniTeam | NPC | 13,206,704 | 23.54% | |
15. | Gilbert Teodoro | UniTeam, Tuloy na Pagbabago[f] | PRP | 12,827,577 | 22.87% | |
16. | Guillermo Eleazar | Lacson–Sotto slate | Reporma | 11,360,526 | 20.27% | |
17. | Harry Roque | UniTeam, Tuloy na Pagbabago[f] | PRP | 11,285,713 | 20.14% | |
18. | Gregorio Honasan | Lacson–Sotto slate[d], UniTeam[c], Tuloy na Pagbabago[f] | Independent | 10,668,886 | 19.04% | |
19. | Chel Diokno | TRoPa, LEAD[h] | KANP | 10,020,008 | 17.88% | |
20. | Larry Gadon | UniTeam | KBL | 9,712,118 | 17.33% | |
21. | Antonio Trillanes | TRoPa | Liberal | 8,653,717 | 15.44% | |
22. | Dick Gordon | Lacson–Sotto slate[d], MP3[e], TRoPa[g] | Bagumbayan | 8,427,820 | 15.04% | |
23. | Leila de Lima | TRoPa, LEAD[h] | Liberal | 7,305,153 | 13.04% | |
24. | Neri Colmenares | Makabayan, LEAD[h], MP3[e] | Makabayan | 6,108,365 | 10.90% | |
25. | Alex Lacson | TRoPa | Ang Kapatiran | 5,499,733 | 9.81% | |
26. | Salvador Panelo | Tuloy na Pagbabago | PDP–Laban |
4,916,875 | 8.77% | |
27. | Francis Leo Marcos | Independent | 4,548,568 | 8.12% | ||
28. | Teddy Baguilat | LEAD[h], TRoPa | Liberal | 4,284,752 | 7.65% | |
29. | Monsour del Rosario | Reporma | Reporma | 3,824,557 | 6.82% | |
30. | Carl Balita | Aksyon | Aksyon | 3,771,019 | 6.73% | |
31. | Tuloy na Pagbabago, UniTeam[c] | PDP–Laban |
3,599,053 | 6.42% | ||
32. | Emmanuel Piñol | Lacson–Sotto slate | NPC | 3,570,287 | 6.37% | |
33. | Minguita Padilla | Lacson–Sotto slate | Reporma | 3,567,523 | 6.37% | |
34. | Luke Espiritu | LEAD | PLM | 3,480,211 | 6.21% | |
35. | Astra Pimentel-Naik | PDP–Laban | PDP–Laban |
3,002,907 | 5.36% | |
36. | Sonny Matula | TRoPa, LEAD[h] | Independent | 2,698,368 | 4.81% | |
37. | Greco Belgica | Tuloy na Pagbabago | PDDS | 2,362,101 | 4.21% | |
38. | Jopet Sison | Aksyon | Aksyon | 2,223,959 | 3.96% | |
39. | Samira Gutoc | Aksyon, LEAD[h] | Aksyon | 2,225,400 | 3.97% | |
40. | Carmen Zubiaga | Independent | 1,771,078 | 3.16% | ||
41. | Silvestre Bello Jr. | PDP–Laban | PDP–Laban |
1,744,355 | 3.11% | |
42. | Elmer Labog | Makabayan, LEAD[h], MP3[e] | Makabayan | 1,582,623 | 2.82% | |
43. | Rey Langit | Tuloy na Pagbabago | PDP–Laban |
1,369,680 | 2.44% | |
44. | Melchor Chavez | WPP | WPP | 957,559 | 1.71% | |
45. | Abner Afuang | Independent | 906,672 | 1.62% | ||
46. | Roy Cabonegro | LEAD | PLM | 885,416 | 1.58% | |
47. | Ibrahim Albani | WPP | WPP | 849,825 | 1.51% | |
48. | Lutgardo Barbo | MP3 | PDP–Laban |
754,129 | 1.34% | |
49. | John Castriciones | Aksyon[j], Tuloy na Pagbabago | PDP–Laban |
719,198 | 1.28% | |
50. | David d'Angelo | LEAD | PLM | 697,520 | 1.24% | |
51. | Agnes Bailen | Independent | 675,592 | 1.20% | ||
52. | Nur-Mahal Kiram | Independent | 603,542 | 1.08% | ||
53. | Nur-Ana Sahidulla | PDDS | PDDS | 599,063 | 1.07% | |
54. | Leo Olarte | Bigkis Pinoy | Bigkis Pinoy | 574,893 | 1.02% | |
55. | Ariel Lim | Independent | 564,802 | 1.01% | ||
56. | Fernando Diaz | PPP | PPP | 562,591 | 1.00% | |
57. | Jesus Arranza | Independent | 530,391 | 0.95% | ||
58. | Willie Ricablanca Jr. | PM | PM | 494,603 | 0.88% | |
59. | RJ Javellana | Independent | 474,958 | 0.85% | ||
60. | Marieta Mindalano-Adam | Katipunan | Katipunan | 452,455 | 0.81% | |
61. | Ernie Ereño | PM | PM | 451,051 | 0.80% | |
62. | Baldomero Falcone | DPP | DPP | 400,138 | 0.71% | |
63. | Emily Mallillin | PPM | PPM | 394,274 | 0.70% | |
64. | Rey Valeros | Independent | 356,679 | 0.64% | ||
Total turnout | 55,992,243 | 83.01% | ||||
Total votes | 434,695,944 | N/A | ||||
Registered voters, including overseas voters | 67,452,866 | 100.0% | ||||
Source: COMELEC |
- ^
- Bukidnon Paglaum (2)
- Padayon Pilipino (1)
- HNP (1)
- AZAP (1)
- BUP (1)
- Navoteño (1)
- UBP (1)
- ^ The URL of the website of the House of Representatives is, for example, www.congress.gov.ph.
- ^ a b c d Guest candidate of UniTeam Alliance
- ^ a b c d e f g Guest candidate of the Lacson–Sotto slate
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j Guest candidate of the MP3 Alliance
- ^ a b c d e f g Guest candidate of Tuloy na Pagbabago
- ^ a b c d Guest candidate of Team Robredo–Pangilinan
- ^ a b c d e f g h Guest candidate of Labor and Ecology Advocates for Democracy
- ^ Withdrew
- ^ Guest candidate of Aksyon Demokratiko
House of Representatives
A voter has two votes in the House of Representatives: one vote for a representative elected in the voter's congressional district (
To determine the winning parties in the party-list election, a party must surpass the 2%
District elections
Bileg Ti Ilokano 201,418 | 0.42 | New | 1 | New | | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
National Unity Party/Asenso Manileño | 165,577 | 0.34 | New | 2 | New | ||||||
Sulong Zambales Party | 144,060 | 0.30 | New | 1 | New | ||||||
Mindoro bago Sarili | 142,095 | 0.29 | New | 1 | New | ||||||
Basilan Unity Party | 137,976 | 0.29 | New | 1 | New | ||||||
Centrist Democratic Party of the Philippines | 128,134 | 0.27 | +0.07 | 1 | 0 | ||||||
United Benguet Party | 123,801 | 0.26 | New | 1 | New | ||||||
Partido Pederal ng Maharlika | 104,588 | 0.22 | New | 0 | 0 | ||||||
Bigkis Pinoy | 94,571 | 0.20 | New | 0 | 0 | ||||||
Nationalist People's Coalition/Asenso Manileño | 90,075 | 0.19 | New | 1 | New | ||||||
Partido Navoteño | 79,505 | 0.17 | −0.03 | 1 | 0 | ||||||
Partido Demokratiko Sosyalista ng Pilipinas | 78,029 | 0.16 | +0.02 | 0 | 0 | ||||||
Lakas–CMD/United Negros Alliance | 76,115 | 0.16 | New | 0 | New | ||||||
Hugpong sa Tawong Lungsod | 73,796 | 0.15 | −0.34 | 0 | −1 | ||||||
Adelante Zamboanga Party | 73,785 | 0.15 | +0.08 | 1 | New | ||||||
Samahang Kaagapay ng Agilang Pilipino | 73,346 | 0.15 | New | 0 | 0 | ||||||
Partidong Pagbabago ng Palawan | 71,986 | 0.15 | −0.31 | 0 | −2 | ||||||
Reform PH - People's Party | 70,116 | 0.15 | New | 0 | 0 | ||||||
United Nationalist Alliance | 68,572 | 0.14 | −0.43 | 1 | New | ||||||
Partido Prosperidad y Amor para na Zamboanga | 67,133 | 0.14 | New | 0 | 0 | ||||||
Lingkod ng Mamamayan ng Valenzuela City | 50,599 | 0.11 | New | 0 | 0 | ||||||
Labor Party Philippines | 50,150 | 0.10 | +0.08 | 0 | 0 | ||||||
Achievers with Integrity Movement | 48,462 | 0.10 | New | 0 | 0 | ||||||
PDP–Laban/Partido Siquijodnon | 33,989 | 0.07 | New | 1 | New | ||||||
Ummah Party | 29,043 | 0.06 | New | 0 | 0 | ||||||
Ang Kapatiran | 17,484 | 0.04 | New | 0 | 0 | ||||||
Pwersa ng Masang Pilipino | 10,642 | 0.02 | −0.96 | 0 | −1 | ||||||
Partido Lakas ng Masa | 5,223 | 0.01 | New | 0 | 0 | ||||||
Philippine Green Republican Party | 4,856 | 0.01 | +0.01 | 0 | 0 | ||||||
Katipunan ng Nagkakaisang Pilipino | 4,370 | 0.01 | −0.28 | 0 | 0 | ||||||
Katipunan ng Kamalayang Kayumanggi | 2,295 | 0.00 | New | 0 | 0 | ||||||
Bagumbayan–VNP | 1,607 | 0.00 | −0.08 | 0 | 0 | ||||||
Independent | 2,137,093 | 4.44 | −0.53 | 6 | +4 | ||||||
Party-list seats | 63 | +2 | |||||||||
Total | 48,181,407 | 100.00 | – | 316 | +12 | ||||||
Valid votes | 48,181,407 | 86.05 | −0.29 | ||||||||
Invalid/blank votes | 7,810,836 | 13.95 | +0.29 | ||||||||
Total votes | 55,992,243 | 100.00 | – | ||||||||
Registered voters/turnout | 67,452,866 | 83.01 | +7.11 | ||||||||
Source: COMELEC (Results per individual province/city, election day turnout, absentee turnout |
Party-list election
Party | Votes | % | +/– | Seats | +/– | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
PDP Cares Foundation | 117,139 | 0.32 | New | 0 | 0 | |
Rural Electric Consumers and Beneficiaries of Development and Advancement | 117,126 | 0.32 | −0.82 | 0 | −1 | |
Act as One Philippines | 116,173 | 0.32 | New | 0 | 0 | |
Kooperatiba-Kapisanan ng Magsasaka ng Pilipinas | 114,587 | 0.31 | +0.13 | 0 | 0 | |
Walang Iwanan sa Free Internet Inc. | 113,971 | 0.31 | New | 0 | 0 | |
Bisaya Gyud Party-List | 113,388 | 0.31 | New | 0 | 0 | |
Hugpong Federal Movement of the Philippines | 112,654 | 0.31 | New | 0 | 0 | |
Moro Ako - Ok Party-List | 110,171 | 0.30 | New | 0 | 0 | |
Angkla: ang Partido ng mga Pilipinong Marino | 109,343 | 0.30 | −0.35 | 0 | 0 | |
Ang National Coalition of Indigenous People Action Na! | 108,807 | 0.30 | New | 0 | 0 | |
Passengers and Riders Organization | 108,647 | 0.30 | New | 0 | 0 | |
Ang Kabuhayan Partylist | 108,535 | 0.29 | +0.02 | 0 | 0 | |
Ang Tinig ng Seniors Citizens sa Filipinas, Inc.[b] | 104,957 | 0.29 | New | 0 | 0 | |
Lungsod Aasenso | 103,149 | 0.28 | New | 0 | 0 | |
Buhay Party-List | 103,077 | 0.28 | −1.02 | 0 | −1 | |
Una ang Edukasyon | 102,687 | 0.28 | −0.15 | 0 | 0 | |
Igorot Warriors International, Inc.[b] | 95,217 | 0.26 | New | 0 | 0 | |
OFW Family Club | 93,059 | 0.25 | −0.47 | 0 | −1 | |
Health, Education, Livelihood Program of the Philippines | 93,007 | 0.25 | New | 0 | 0 | |
Wow Pilipinas Movement | 90,698 | 0.25 | −0.37 | 0 | 0 | |
Kapamilya ng Manggagawang Pilipino | 89,695 | 0.24 | New | 0 | 0 | |
Ating Agapay Sentrong Samahan ng mga Obrero | 88,611 | 0.24 | −0.03 | 0 | 0 | |
Friends of the Poor and Jobless Party-List[b] | 88,564 | 0.24 | New | 0 | 0 | |
Butil Farmers Party | 87,305 | 0.24 | −0.35 | 0 | 0 | |
Avid Builders of Active Nation's Citizenry Towards Empowered Philippines | 87,211 | 0.24 | −0.11 | 0 | 0 | |
Subanen Party-List | 86,533 | 0.24 | New | 0 | 0 | |
Turismo Isulong Mo | 86,119 | 0.23 | New | 0 | 0 | |
Abe Kapampangan | 85,226 | 0.23 | −0.07 | 0 | 0 | |
Barkadahan para sa Bansa | 83,860 | 0.23 | New | 0 | 0 | |
Anakpawis | 81,436 | 0.22 | −0.31 | 0 | 0 | |
Ugyon Mangunguma, Mangingisda kag Mamumugon nga Ilonggo[b] | 73,454 | 0.20 | New | 0 | 0 | |
Ang Kabuhayang Kayang Kaya | 72,547 | 0.20 | New | 0 | 0 | |
National Association of Electricity Consumers for Reforms | 71,822 | 0.20 | −0.09 | 0 | 0 | |
Rebolusyonaryong Alyansang Makabansa | 69,740 | 0.19 | −0.66 | 0 | −1 | |
Ayuda sa May Kapansanan[b] | 66,457 | 0.18 | New | 0 | 0 | |
Ang Bumbero ng Pilipinas | 65,929 | 0.18 | New | 0 | 0 | |
Kilusang Maypagasa | 65,133 | 0.18 | −0.10 | 0 | 0 | |
Mothers for Change | 64,785 | 0.18 | New | 0 | 0 | |
One Coop | 64,627 | 0.18 | New | 0 | 0 | |
Ang Komadrona | 64,087 | 0.17 | New | 0 | 0 | |
Samahan ng Totoong Larong may Puso Foundation | 60,384 | 0.16 | New | 0 | 0 | |
Malabung Workers Party | 59,499 | 0.16 | New | 0 | 0 | |
Ang Laban ng Indiginong Filipino | 58,658 | 0.16 | −0.09 | 0 | 0 | |
Kabalikat ng Bayan sa Kaunlaran | 57,692 | 0.16 | New | 0 | 0 | |
Bunyog Pagkakaisa | 57,030 | 0.15 | New | 0 | 0 | |
Computer Literacy, Innovation Connectivity and Knowledge | 55,842 | 0.15 | New | 0 | 0 | |
Kabalikat Patungo sa Umuunlad na Sistematiko at Organisadong Pangkabuhayan Movement | 53,635 | 0.15 | New | 0 | 0 | |
Home Owners, and Marginalized Empowerment Through Opportunities with Neighborhood Economic Reliability | 53,560 | 0.15 | New | 0 | 0 | |
Kilos Mamamayan Ngayon Na | 52,205 | 0.14 | New | 0 | 0 | |
United Frontliners of the Philippines | 50,849 | 0.14 | New | 0 | 0 | |
Alsa Bisaya | 47,415 | 0.13 | New | 0 | 0 | |
Bangon Philippine Outsourcing | 47,382 | 0.13 | New | 0 | 0 | |
Lingkud Bayanihan Party[b] | 43,896 | 0.12 | New | 0 | 0 | |
Maharlikang Pilipino Party | 43,260 | 0.12 | New | 0 | 0 | |
Advocates for Retail & Fashion, Textile & Tradition, Events, Entertainment & Creative Sector | 42,086 | 0.11 | New | 0 | 0 | |
Ipatupad for Workers Inc. | 41,797 | 0.11 | New | 0 | 0 | |
Kabalikat ng Hustisiya ng Nagkakaisang Manileno | 39,344 | 0.11 | +0.01 | 0 | 0 | |
Babae Ako para sa Bayan | 39,254 | 0.11 | New | 0 | 0 | |
Damayan para sa Reporma Tungo sa Inklusibo at Laganap na mga Oportunidad Ngayon | 36,394 | 0.10 | New | 0 | 0 | |
Partido Cocoman | 35,583 | 0.10 | New | 0 | 0 | |
Aktibong Kaagapay ng mga Manggagawa | 34,338 | 0.09 | New | 0 | 0 | |
Ako Breeder Party-List[b] | 32,630 | 0.09 | New | 0 | 0 | |
Ako Musikero Association | 28,297 | 0.08 | New | 0 | 0 | |
Philippine Society for Industrial Security | 27,851 | 0.08 | New | 0 | 0 | |
Ang Koalisyon ng Indigenous People | 27,583 | 0.07 | New | 0 | 0 | |
Aksyon Magsasaka-Partido Tinig ng Masa | 27,364 | 0.07 | −0.62 | 0 | 0 | |
Mindoro Sandugo para sa Kaunlaran | 26,800 | 0.07 | New | 0 | 0 | |
Samahang Ilaw at Bisig | 25,871 | 0.07 | New | 0 | 0 | |
One Unified Transport Alliance of the Philippines Bicol Region | 23,021 | 0.06 | −0.02 | 0 | 0 | |
Alagaan ang Sambayanang Pilipino | 22,543 | 0.06 | New | 0 | 0 | |
Parents Teachers Alliance | 22,319 | 0.06 | −0.04 | 0 | 0 | |
Ang Programang Aasenso Taumbayan - Dream, Act, Participate and Advocate for Sustainable Transformation[b] | 20,949 | 0.06 | New | 0 | 0 | |
Arts Business and Science Professionals | 20,149 | 0.05 | −0.06 | 0 | 0 | |
Alliance for Resilience, Sustainability and Empowerment[b] | 20,131 | 0.05 | New | 0 | 0 | |
Movement of Active Apostolic Guardians Association of the Philippines | 19,645 | 0.05 | New | 0 | 0 | |
Solid Movement Towards Comprehensive Change | 18,954 | 0.05 | New | 0 | 0 | |
Noble Advancement of Marvelous People of the Philippines Inc. | 18,172 | 0.05 | +0.01 | 0 | 0 | |
Alternatiba ng Masa | 18,048 | 0.05 | New | 0 | 0 | |
Partido Lakas ng Masa | 17,783 | 0.05 | −0.05 | 0 | 0 | |
Pilipino Society and Development Advocates Commuter-Consumer | 17,406 | 0.05 | New | 0 | 0 | |
United Filipino Consumers and Commuters | 16,733 | 0.05 | New | 0 | 0 | |
Aksyon Tungo sa Asenso at Pagsulong ng Pilipino | 16,116 | 0.04 | New | 0 | 0 | |
People's Volunteer Against Illegal Drugs | 14,330 | 0.04 | New | 0 | 0 | |
National Firemen's Confederation of the Philippines | 11,692 | 0.03 | New | 0 | 0 | |
Laban ng Isang Bayan Para sa Reporma at Oportunidad[b] | 11,067 | 0.03 | New | 0 | 0 | |
1 Tahanan | 10,383 | 0.03 | New | 0 | 0 | |
Pilipinas para sa Pinoy | 8,774 | 0.02 | −0.03 | 0 | 0 | |
Aangat Kusinerong Pinoy | 8,261 | 0.02 | New | 0 | 0 | |
Kusog Bikolandia | 7,840 | 0.02 | New | 0 | 0 | |
Total | 36,802,064 | 100.00 | – | 63 | +2 | |
Valid votes | 36,802,064 | 65.73 | +6.77 | |||
Invalid/blank votes | 19,190,179 | 34.27 | −6.77 | |||
Total votes | 55,992,243 | 100.00 | – | |||
Registered voters/turnout | 67,452,866 | 83.01 | +8.70 | |||
Source: COMELEC |
- ^ United Senior Citizens is entitled to a seat in Congress based on the results. However, as of May 25th, they have not been proclaimed as they have a pending case in the COMELEC regarding their accreditation.[8] United Senior Citizens was later proclaimed as a winning party, with its nominee being sworn in on November 2022.[9]
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l This partylist was rejected by COMELEC from joining the 2022 elections, but has secured a Temporary Restraining Order from the Supreme Court. Because of this, they have been included in the ballot and their votes are counted for calculation purposes.[10]
See also
- Politics of the Philippines
- Senate of the Philippines
- House of Representatives of the Philippines
- Legislative districts of the Philippines
- List of Philippine Senate committees
- List of Philippine House committees
- List of legislatures by country
- List of current members of the Congress of the Philippines by wealth
Notes
References
- ^ Ager, Maila (July 25, 2022). "Zubiri is new Senate President". INQUIRER.net. Retrieved July 27, 2022.
- ^ Panti, Llanesca T. "House elects Romualdez as speaker". GMA News Online. Retrieved July 27, 2022.
- ^ a b c d "Article VI: THE LEGISLATIVE DEPARTMENT". Philippines Official Gazette. Retrieved May 31, 2013.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k "The Legislative Branch". Philippines Official Gazette. Archived from the original on April 7, 2023. Retrieved May 31, 2013.
- ^ Bueza, Michael (June 24, 2021). "LIST: New congressional districts in the 2022 elections". Rappler. Retrieved December 19, 2023.
- ^ "The City Council of Manila". Manila Standard. June 24, 2002. Retrieved December 13, 2012.
- ^ S2CID 145232653.
- ^ Fernandez, Daniza (May 26, 2022). "Comelec proclaims winning party-list groups". INQUIRER.net. Retrieved May 26, 2022.
- ^ Lalu, Gabriel Pabico (November 7, 2022). "United Senior Citizens party-list rep takes oath after winning fight for accreditation". INQUIRER.net. Retrieved April 11, 2023.
- ^ "More rejected party-list groups get SC relief before printing of ballots". Rappler. January 7, 2022. Retrieved May 26, 2022.
Sources
- Ramirez, Efren V. and Lee, Jr., German G., The New Philippine Constitution. Cebu City: 1987: pp. 142–173.
- Article VI of the 1987 Philippine Constitution
- How a Bill becomes a Law
- Legislative History
- Your Legislature