Partridge Island (Saint John County)
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Partridge Island is a Canadian island located in the Bay of Fundy off the coast of Saint John, New Brunswick, within the city's Inner Harbour.
The island is a provincial historic site and was designated a National Historic Site in 1974.[1] It lies on the west side of the mouth of the Saint John River.
During the American Revolution, in 1780, six British troops from Major Timothy Hierlihy's corps, under the command of Lieut. Wheaton, attacked eight American privateers in a house they were occupying on Partridge island. The British killed three of the privateers and the other five were taken prisoner.[2]
Partridge Island was first established as a quarantine station and pest house in 1785 by the Saint John Royal Charter, which also set aside the island for use as a navigational aid station and a military post. Its first use as a quarantine station was not until 1816. A hospital was constructed on the island in 1830.
Immigration and memorials
The island received its largest influx of immigrants in the 1840s during the "
A memorial to the Irish immigrants of the mid-1840s was set up on the island in the 1890s, but by World War One it had deteriorated. In 1926 the Saint John City Cornet Band approached Saint John contractor George McArthur who agreed to lead a campaign to build a suitable monument. The
History
The island's folklore begins with the
Following the arrival of the American Loyalists from the American Revolutionary War in 1783, and the formation of the city of Saint John, there was the need for a lighthouse to aid shipping. A light station was erected on Partridge Island and began operating in 1791. It was only the third light station to have been built in British North America. A signal station was soon located on the island and it was used for many years to alert the harbour to vessels approaching from the Bay of Fundy. The island's light and signal station were both established in 1791.
The island was Saint John's principal military fortification from 1800 until 1947. It was the only Saint John fortification to be used during all periods of Saint John's military activity. There are still visible remains of the Royal Artillery gun battery of 1812, and of both the First and Second World Wars.
The island was also home to dozens of island families over the years, from lightkeepers such as Captain Samuel Duffy, James Wilson, Albert Smith, Charles Mitchell and Thomas Furness, to hospital staff such as Doctors George and William Harding, hospital stewards Thomas McGowan, Fred and Jim Hargrove, and teachers for the island's school such as Jean MacCullum and Forbes Elliott.
Boat tours to the island operated from 1982 until 1995 when the island's small museum closed. Public access is now restricted. There have been numerous books written about the island as well as video documentaries.
Efforts to reopen the island
Ambitions to turn Partridge Island into a tourist site have been ongoing. In 2014, the federal government set aside $200,000 for a feasibility study which would assess the cost of repairing the breakwater and creating a walkway that would cross to the island as well as annual operation and maintenance costs.[5] The study found that it would cost between $27-$40 million to create a path to the island.
Wayne Long, MP for Saint John, has proposed that a wharf be built at the site and that boat tours would go to and from it. Long said in 2017, "The time for action is now" about creating access to the historic island. Long estimates that the wharf would cost only $5 million, which is a sharp reduction from the cost of a walkway.[6]
Before opening to the public, a clean-up of the island's significant soil contaminates would have to be done. All of the remaining buildings on the site have been vandalized or burned. Of the six graveyards, the 19th-century graveyard was almost obliterated by the military during World War II. Less than three dozen graves remain. Many young people from the local area go to the island, although it is illegal to cross the breakwater.
See also
References
- ^ Partridge Island Quarantine Station. Canadian Register of Historic Places. Retrieved 26 February 2012.
- ^ p.608
- McCord Museum. Montreal. Retrieved 22 January 2012.
- ^ "Charity Focus | Imagine Canada". www.charityfocus.ca. Retrieved 2016-11-29.
- ^ "Partridge Island tourism feasibility study now underway | CBC News".
- ^ "Wayne Long wants ferry service to Partridge Island | CBC News".
External links
- Gateway to Canada - Heritage Resources Saint John
- A Chronicle of Irish Immigration to Saint John, New Brunswick, 1847, Elizabeth Cushing, Teresa Casey, Monica Robertson, 1979.
- The Diary of Nellie McGowan, Partridge Island Quarantine Station, 1902, Harold E. Wright, 1984. ISBN 0969191405
- Fortress Saint John, an illustrated military history, 1640-1985, Harold E. Wright and Byron O'Leary, 1985.
- Dr. James P. Collins, a martyr to his duty, Harold E. Wright, 1988.
- The Irish in Atlantic Canada, 1780-1900, Thomas Power, 1991.
- L'ile Partridge Island, A Gateway to North America/Un passage vers l'Amerique de Nord, Harold E. Wright, 1995.
- Images of Canada, Saint John, Harold E. Wright, 1996.
- Images of Our Past, Homeport: Campobello-Saint John-St. Martins, Harold E. Wright & Deborah Stilwell, 2002.
- Partridge Island Quarantine Station Collection McGill University Library & Archives.