Paternalistic conservatism
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Paternalistic conservatism is a strand of
Paternalistic conservatism emphasizes the duties of government to entail fairly broad
Paternalistic conservatism first arose as a result of the industrial revolution during the 19th century, which had created social unrest, appalling working conditions and inequality. In Britain,
Origins
Paternalist conservatism has its origins in the
One-nation conservatism
One-nation conservatism was first conceived in the United Kingdom by
Disraeli justified his ideas by his belief in an organic society in which the different classes have natural obligations to one another.[14] He saw society as naturally hierarchical and emphasised the obligations of those at the top to those below. This was a continuation of the feudal concept of noblesse oblige, which asserted that the aristocracy had an obligation to be generous and honourable. To Disraeli, that implied that government should be paternalistic.[13] One-nation conservatism identifies its approach as pragmatic and non-ideological. There is an acceptance of the need for flexible policies, and one-nation conservatives have often sought compromise with their ideological opponents for the sake of social stability.[16] Disraeli justified his views pragmatically by arguing that should the ruling class become indifferent to the suffering of the people, society would become unstable and social revolution would become a possibility.[14]
History
Germany
In 1878, the
As
Canada
A red Tory is an adherent of a
Red Tory governments in Canada, such as those of John A. Macdonald, Robert Borden, R. B. Bennett, and John Diefenbaker, were known for supporting an active role for the government in the economy. This included the creation of government-owned and operated Crown corporations of Canada such as the Canadian National Railway, and the development and protection of Canadian industries with programs, such as the National Policy.[citation needed]
France
In Europe, Catholic political movements emerged in the 19th century as a response to widespread deterioration of social conditions and rising
In France, the influence of these doctrines can be seen in the conservative socialism of
Japan
During the post-war Japan, policies led by the
Founded in 1960, the
Argentina
Peronism is considered a paternalistic ideology.
United States
In the United States, Theodore Roosevelt has been the main figure identified with progressive conservatism as a political tradition. Roosevelt stated that he had "always believed that wise progressivism and wise conservatism go hand in hand".[38] Roosevelt's ideas, such that of New Nationalism, an extension of his earlier philosophy of the Square Deal, have been described as paternalistic and contrasted with the individualistic program, The New Freedom, of Woodrow Wilson from the Democratic Party. Wilson's program in practice has been described as resembling the more paternalistic ideas of Roosevelt, excluding the notion of reining in judges.[39]
The
There are also some paternalistic conservatives in the Prohibition Party as well as American Solidarity Party.
Perspectives
Right-wing or conservative socialism is a pejorative term that is used by some
See also
References
- ^ Heywood 2015, pp. 34–36.
- ^ Gjorshoski 2016.
- ^ Heywood 2013, p. 34.
- ^ Heywood 2012, p. 80.
- ^ a b c d e f Vincent 2009, p. 64.
- ^ a b Dunleavy, Patrick; Kelly, Paul Joseph; Mora, Michael (2000). British Political Science: Fifty Years of Political Studies. Oxford, England; Malden, Massachusetts: Wiley-Blackwell. pp. 107–108.
- ^ a b Vincent 2009, p. 79.
- ^ Blake, Robert (1967). Disraeli (2nd ed.). London: Eyre & Spottiswoode. p. 524.
- ^ Russel, Trevor (1978). The Tory Party: Its Policies, Divisions and Future. Harmondsworth: Penguinp. p. 167.
- ^ a b Steinberg 2011, pp. 8 & 424-444.
- ^ a b c Taylor, Alan John Percivale (2001) [1988]. The Course of German History: A Survey of the Development of German History. London, England; New York City, New York: Routledge. p. 149.
- ^ Nicholas, John Alden (1958). Germany After Bismarck: The Caprivi Era, 1890–1894, Issue 5. Harvard University Press. p. 260.
- ^ a b c d Heywood 2007, pp. 82–83.
- ^ a b c d e Dorey 1995, pp. 16–17.
- ^ Arnold 2004, p. 96.
- ^ Bloor 2012, pp. 41–42.
- ^ Dietze, Gottfried (1995). In Defense of Property. Lanham, Maryland; London, England: University Press of America. p. 97.
- ^ a b Lindemann, Albert S. (2000). Esau's Tears: Modern Anti-Semitism and the Rise of the Jews (1st paperback ed.). Cambridge, England; New York City, New York; Melbourne, Australia; Madrid, Spain: Cambridge University Press. p. 145.
- ^ Steinberg 2011, pp. 416–417.
- ISBN 978-0415216142.
- ^ Harris (1989), p. 442.
- ISBN 978-0-5200-3073-2.
- ^ Croly, Herbert (1911). The Promise of American Life. Macmillan. p. 250.
- ^ "Red Tory". Collins English Dictionary. Retrieved 14 January 2020.
[A] Conservative who holds liberal or mildly socialist views on certain fiscal and social issues.
- ^ "Conservatism". The Canadian Encyclopedia.
- ^ Eley (1997), p. 174.
- ^ Eley (1997), pp. 174–175.
- ISBN 9781400862955.
... Prime Minister Kishi, who leaned toward statecorporatist notions that included paternalistic welfare policy, gave way to Ikeda Hayato, who was more inclined toward free-market liberalism. ...
- ^ Helen Hardacre, ed. (1998). The Postwar Developments of Japanese Studies in the United States. BRILL. p. 10.
- ^ Joseph Burrell, ed. (2008). The Republican Treason: Republican Fascism Exposed. Algora Publishing. p. 187.
... more or less corrupt Liberal Democratic Party politicians, and the representatives of big business, Japan is a paternalistic state that conforms in many respects to the Confucian tradition ...
- ISBN 978-4-641-05377-9.
ただし、日本の55年体制下の自民党政権の場合は欧米の保守政権に比べるとかなり経済的統制の度合いが強く、社会民主主義により近い場所に位置した。
- ^ ISBN 978-4-595-31946-4.
- JSTOR 422050.
- ^ "The Physical and Institutional Reconstruction of Japan After World War II". Index Page for applet-magic.com. Retrieved 26 October 2021.
- ISBN 9781000304718.
Continuing cooperation between the conservative Liberal Democratic Party (LDP), the New Liberal Club (NLC), and the conservative Democratic Socialist Party (DSP), will probably assure conservative rule for some time to come.
- ISBN 9780674028753.
- ISBN 9780822976363.
- ISBN 9781139502177.
- JSTOR 41940243.
- ^ Lurie, Jonathan (2012). William Howard Taft: The Travails of a Progressive Conservative. New York City: Cambridge University Press. p. ix.
- ^ Kutler, Stanley I. "Eisenhower, the Judiciary, and Desegregation". In Ambrose, Stephen E.; Bischof, Günter, eds. (1995). Eisenhower: A Centenary Assessment. Louisiana State University Press. p. 98.
- ^ Rothbard, Murray (2010). Left, Right, and the Prospects for Liberty. Auburn, Alabama: Mises Institute. p. 19.
- ^ Huerta de Soto 2010, p. 80.
- ^ Viereck (2006), p. 74.
- ^ Huerta de Soto 2010, pp. 79–80.
- ^ Huerta de Soto 2010, p. 79.
Bibliography
- Adams, Ian (2001). Political Ideology Today. Manchester University Press. ISBN 978-0-7190-6020-5.
- Arnold, Dana (2004). Cultural Identities and the Aesthetics of Britishness. Manchester University Press. ISBN 978-0719067693.
- Bloor, Kevin (2012). The Definitive Guide to Political Ideologies. ISBN 978-1449067618.
- Dorey, Peter (1995). The Conservative Party and the Trade Unions. Psychology Press. ISBN 0-415-06487-2.
- Gjorshoski, Nikola (2016). "The Ideological Specific of the Variants of Contemporary Conservatism" (PDF). Journal of Liberty and International Affairs. 2(1).
- Heywood, Andrew (2015). "Political Ideas and Ideologies" (PDF). Politics. Red Globe Press – via ESL Writing.
- Heywood, Andrew (2007). Political Ideologies. Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-0230521803.
- Heywood, Andrew (2012). Political Ideologies: An Introduction. Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-230-36994-8.
- Heywood, Andrew (2013). Politics. Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-1-137-27244-7.
- Heywood, Andrew (2017). Political Ideologies: An Introduction. Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-1-137-60604-4.
- Huerta de Soto, Jesús (2010). Socialism, Economic Calculation and Entrepreneurship Fourth edition. Edward Elgar Publishing. ISBN 978-1-849-80500-1.
- ISBN 978-0-19-997539-6.
- Vincent, Andrew (2009). Modern Political Ideologies. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-1-444-31105-1.
Further reading
- Eley, Geoff (1997). Society, Culture, and the State in Germany, 1870-1930 (1st paperback ed.). University of Michigan.
- Paxton, Robert O. (1975). Europe in the Twentieth Century. Harcourt Brace College Publishers.
- Paxton, Robert O.; Julie Hessler (2011) [2005]. Europe in the Twentieth Century. Belmont, California: Wadsworth Cengage Learning.
- Sternhell, Ze'ev (1986). Neither Right Nor Left: Fascist Ideology in France (2nd ed.). Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press.
- Viereck, Peter (2006). Conservative Thinkers: From John Adams to Winston Churchill. New Brunswick, New Jersey: Transaction Publishers.
- Weitz, Eric D. (2007). Weimar Germany: Promise and Tragedy. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press.
External links
Quotations related to Paternalistic conservatism at Wikiquote