Patient Activation Measure
The Patient Activation Measure (PAM) is a commercial product which assesses an individual's knowledge, skill, and confidence for managing one's health and
The PAM survey measures patients on a 0–100 scale and can segment patients into one of four activation levels along an empirically derived continuum. Each activation level reveals insight into an array of health-related characteristics, including attitudes, motivators, behaviors, and outcomes.
Development and science
PAM was developed using qualitative methods, Rasch analysis, and classical test theory
There are a number of instruments measuring similar constructs, including My Health Confidence, Patient Health Engagement Scale, Stanford self-efficacy for managing chronic disease 6-item scale, ICECAP-A (the ICEpop CAPability measure for Adults),[9] the Health Literacy Questionnaire and the Health Confidence Score.[10]
Research
Multiple studies show that PAM scores are predictive of most health behaviors, including preventive behaviors (e.g. obtaining screenings and immunizations); healthy behaviors (e.g. healthy diet and regular exercise); self-management behaviors (e.g. monitoring and medication management); and health information seeking.[11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21] Higher activated individuals also have better health outcomes and lower rates of costly utilization, such as emergency department use and hospitalizations.[11][19][20][21][22]
Further there is evidence that with support and appropriate interventions it is possible to increase activation levels in patients.[23][24][25][26][27] In patients with inflammatory arthritis, patient activation has been shown to be associated with self-efficacy, the illness beliefs about treatment, and health literacy.[28] This suggests that these predictors of patient activation could act as targets for intervention in this group of patients.
The Patient Activation Measure is being used in a number of ways to improve the delivery of health care, including:
- a metric to assess the degree to which patients are prepared and able to self-manage
- to tailor support and education to help patients increase in activation
- to track the impact of interventions and tailored support on increasing patient activation levels
- to segment an enrolled patient population, and direct more resources to low activated patients (a more efficient use of resources )
- to use in population health management
- to use in predictive modeling, by using both PAM scores and clinical data, it is possible to identify future high risk/high cost patients more accurately than just using clinical data[29]
References
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- ^ Hibbard, Judith (27 July 2014). deBronkart, e-Patient Dave (ed.). "[Comment on] The Patient Activation Measure (PAM): a framework for developing patient engagement". e-patients.net. Society for Participatory Medicine.
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- ^ "Phreesia Announces Acquisition of Insignia Health, LLC, Redoubling Its Commitment to Improve Patients' Experience and Outcomes". Phreesia. 2021-12-13. Retrieved 2022-01-07.
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