Pattachitra
Pattachitra | |
---|---|
Geographical indication | |
Odisha Pattachitra (top) depicting Radha Krishna and West Bengal Patachitra (bottom) depicting Durga. | |
Alternative names | Patachitra |
Description | Patachitra (or Pattachitra in Odisha) is an old traditional art of Odisha and West Bengal |
Area |
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Country | India |
Registered | |
Material | Cloth, Palm leaf, Paper, Color, Theme |
Official website | ipindiaservices.gov.in |
Patachitra or Pattachitra is a general term for traditional, cloth-based
Etymology
In the
Odisha Pattachitra
Pattachitra is a traditional painting of
Origin
The paintings of Odisha can be divided into three categories from the point of view of medium, i.e. paintings on cloth or 'Patta Chitra', paintings on walls or 'Bhitti Chitra' and palm leaf engravings or "Tala Patra Chitra' or "Pothi, Chitra'.[16] The style of all these remains more or less the same at a specific time because the then artists were commissioned to work in all these media, it is believed.[according to whom?][citation needed]
The painting the 'pattachitra' resemble the old murals of
Theme and style
The Pattachitra style are mix of both folk and classical elements but leanings more towards folk forms. The dress style has Mughal influences. All of the poses have been confined to a few well-defined postures. These are not free from monotonous repetitions, though at times this is necessary to accentuate the narrative character of the style. The lines are bold and clean and angular and sharp. Generally, there are no landscapes, perspectives, and distant views. All the incidents are seen in close juxtaposition. The background on which the figures are represented, is delineated with decorations of flowers and foliages and is mostly painted in red colour. All the paintings are given decorative borders. The whole painting is conceived in the form of a design on a given canvas.
The themes may be classified into following categories[20]
- Jagannath paintings
- Vaishnav Paintings
- Bhagabat paintings
- Ramayana paintings
- Saiva paintings
- Shakta paintings
- Paintings as legends
- Ragachitras
- Bandhachitra
- Yamapati and yatripatas – (sketches of puri temple) Ganjapa playing card paintings and other socials themes on paintings.
- Navagunjara[21]
Technique
Traditionally the painters are known as chitrakars. A patta painter's home with all the members of family is his studio. Woman members prepare the glue, the canvas and apply colours what we call the fill-in, and give the final lacquer coating. The master hand, mostly the male member, draws the initial line and gives the final finishing.
Patta paintings are done on small strips of cotton cloth. The canvas is prepared by coating the clothing with a mixture of chalk and gum made from Guar or tamarind seeds. Then it is rubbed by taking the help of two different stones and then the cloth is dried. The mixture of gum and chalk gives the cloth's surface a leathery finish on which the artists paint with vegetable, earth and stone colours.[22]
The painters do not use pencil or
Colour
Pattachitras are painted in five natural colours - Hingula, Haritala, Kala, Sankha and Geru. There are typical scenes and figures like Krishna, Gopis, elephants, trees and other creatures are seen in these paintings. Krishna is always painted in blue and Gopis in light pink, purple or brown colours.[23]
The painters use vegetable and mineral colours without going for factory-made poster colours. They prepare their own colours.
Palm leaf Pattachitra
Palm leaf pattachitra which is in Oriya language known as Tala Pattachitra drawn on palm leaf. First of all palm leaves are left for becoming hard after being taken from the tree. Then these are sewn together to form like a canvas. The images are traced by using black or white ink to fill grooves etched on rows of equal-sized panels of palm leaf that are sewn together. These panels can also be easily folded like a fan and packed in a compact pile for better conservation. Often palm-leaf illustrations are more elaborated, obtaining by superimposing layers that are glued together for most of the surface, but in some areas can open like small windows to reveal a second image under the first layer.[27]
Gallery
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Papier-mâché mask of Goddess Kali painted in the Pattachitra idiom, Kala Bhoomi Odisha Crafts Museum, Bhubaneswar.
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Wooden Ramalila masks painted in the Pattachitra style, Kala Bhoomi Odisha Crafts Museum, Bhubaneswar.
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Tala Pattachitra, palm leaf painting showing the architectural plan of the Sun Temple of Konark, Odisha.
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Wooden statuettes painted in the Pattachitra style, Kala Bhoomi Odisha Crafts Museum, Bhubaneswar.
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Prabha of Devi Subhadra's Ratha, Puri, Odisha.
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Modern wall mural of Narasimha in a street of Puri, Odisha.
Bengal Patachitra
The Bengal Patachitra refers to the painting of West Bengal and Bangladesh. It is a traditional and mythological heritage of West Bengal. The Bengal Patachitra is divided into some different aspects like Durga Pat, Chalchitra, Tribal Patachitra, Medinipur Patachitra, and Kalighat Patachitra.[28] The subject matter of Bengal Patachitra is mostly mythological, religious stories, folk lore and social. The Kalighat Patachitra, the last tradition of Bengal Patachitra is developed by Jamini Roy. The artist of the Bengal Patachitra is called Patua.[29]
Patachitra of Naya village in West Bengal is now collected in National Museum of Ethnology (henceforth MNE) in Lisbon.[30]
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Patachitra of Naya village
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Patachitra of Naya village
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Goddess Durga and her family in Medinipur Patachitra
Origin
Patachitra is known for its excellent play of colour. It is a traditional folk art form of rural Bengal. There are some controversial opinions about the dates of ancient Patas. But it has been suggested on the basis of historical themes connected with the accompanied songs like Patua Sangeet. It dates back to the Pre- Pala period which is still tucked away with small villages of Midnapore, Bankura, Purulia, Howrah, Hooghly and 24 Parganas.[31] There are some Jadu-Patuas painting of mural style in the temples of Bankura District in West Bengal.[32]
Theme and style
There are many types of Pots like religious, secular. Religious pots encompass the story of Hindu epics like, mythology, Ramayana, Mahabharata narrating stories of Hindu gods and goddesses like
Aspects of painting
Bengal Patachitra painting has a different type of motive and aspects that unrolled the Bengali culture. Using the mythological epic and the natural color it is one of the individual characteristics of the Bengal Patachitra.
Chalchitra
Chalchitra is a part of Bengal Patachitra, It referred to the Debi Chal or Durga chala, the background of the Durga Pratima or idol.[34] Patua, the artists of Chalchitra called it as Pata Lekha, means the writing of Patachitra.[29] 300–400 years old idols of Nabadwip Shakta Rash used Chalchitra as a part of Pratima. At a time, the use of Chalchitra became fade, but now it has a great popularity.[35] Chalchitra artist of Nabadwip, Tapan Bhattacharya said-
It's good to see a lost painting coming back around.
Durga Pot
Durga pot or Durga sara is recognised as the worshiped patachitra. It worshiped in the Hatsarandi Sutradhar society of Birbhum district on Durga puja time. This type of patachitra is also worshiped is Katwa. Durga Pot has a hemispherical Patachitra where Patachitra of Durga is in the middle position. Ram, Sita, Shib, Nandi-Vringi, Brahma, Vishnu, Shumbha-Nishumbha are painted on this kind of Chalchitra. Krishnanager Rajrajeshwari Durga is seen to be uniquely noticed. In the middle of the Chalchitra, there is Panchanan Shib and Parvati is beside him, on one side there is Dasha-mahabidya and the other side, there is Dashabatar.[36]
Technique
The Patachitra of different districts of
Colour
Use of natural color is one of the individual characteristics of the Bengal Patachitra. In general, blue, yellow, green, red, brown, black and white are used in the Patachitra of West Bengal. Chalk dust is used for white color, pauri for yellow color, cultivated indigo for blue, bhushakali for black and mete sindur for red color.[39]
Artists
Bengal Patua artists carry the occupational surname of 'Chitrakar'. They are concentrated in the village of Naya in
References
Citations
- ^ a b http://odisha.gov.in/e-magazine/Orissareview/2010/November/engpdf/46-48.pdf Archived 10 January 2017 at the Wayback Machine [bare URL PDF]
- ^ "Orissa Pattachitra". Archived from the original on 22 November 2021. Retrieved 23 July 2018.
- ^ Bose, Nirmal Kumar. 1953. Folk religion of Bengal, part I number I (A study of the Vrata rites).C. Kar, Benoy Bose Road, Calcutta, India
- ^ "Patachitra: Ancient scroll painting of Bengal". Media India Group. 26 April 2017. Archived from the original on 19 May 2018. Retrieved 18 May 2018.
- ^ SenGupta, pp. 13.
- ^ ":::::: Daricha Foundation ::::::". Archived from the original on 22 November 2021. Retrieved 11 May 2018.
- ^ "Patta Chitra". Archived from the original on 21 May 2014. Retrieved 2 March 2014.
- ^ Rahaman, Md Motiur; Hom Choudhury, Mahuya; Sengupta, Sangita (29 February 2016). "VALIDATION AND GEOGRAPHICAL INDICATION (G.I) REGISTRATION OF PATACHITRA OF WEST BENGAL- ISSUES AND CHALLENGES".
{{cite journal}}
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(help) - from the original on 29 August 2020. Retrieved 29 August 2020.
- ^ a b "Myths and Folktales in the Patachitra Art of Bengal: Tradition and Modernity - The Chitrolekha Journal on Art and Design". The Chitrolekha Journal on Art and Design. 2 August 2015. Archived from the original on 19 May 2018. Retrieved 18 May 2018.
- ^ SenGupta, pp. 12.
- ^ "Patta Chitra". Archived from the original on 23 September 2017. Retrieved 30 May 2012.
- ^ "National Portal of India". Archived from the original on 5 February 2011. Retrieved 18 February 2010.
- ^ http://craftorissa.com/b2c/product_info.php?products_id=112[permanent dead link]
- ^ "Pattachitra Painting". archive.india.gov.in. Archived from the original on 7 April 2014. Retrieved 1 April 2014.
- ^ "Crafts of India -Patachitra - Introduction". Unnati Silks. Archived from the original on 8 February 2022. Retrieved 19 July 2018.
- ^ "Pattachitra Arts - Orissa | Handmade Crafts directly from Craftsmen". Archived from the original on 27 February 2011. Retrieved 18 February 2010.
- ^ Mokashi, Akshata (29 January 2021). "Pattachitra: The Heritage Art of Odisha". www.livehistoryindia.com. Archived from the original on 31 December 2022. Retrieved 31 December 2022.
- ^ "Indian Art » Blog Archive » Patta Chitra Paintings". indianart.in. Archived from the original on 21 July 2011. Retrieved 19 March 2010.
- ^ categories of Pattachitra Archived 29 July 2010 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "Traditional Art of Odisha : Pattachitra Painting". 2 January 2017. Archived from the original on 13 January 2017. Retrieved 11 January 2017.
- ^ "The meticulous process of Pattachitra paintings". Archived from the original on 2 March 2012. Retrieved 22 March 2010.
- ^ "Radha, Krishna and Gopis in Pattachitra". Archived from the original on 2 March 2012. Retrieved 22 March 2010.
- ^ "How to do Pattachitra". Archived from the original on 29 July 2010. Retrieved 22 March 2010.
- ^ natural colours used in Pattachitra Archived 29 July 2010 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ colour brushes used in Pattachitra Archived 29 July 2010 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "Patta paintings". Archived from the original on 6 January 2009. Retrieved 26 March 2010. Palm leaf pattachitra
- ^ বন্দ্যোপাধ্যায়, দেবাশিস. "পটচিত্রের চাহিদা বাড়ছে নবদ্বীপের রাসে". Anandabazar Patrika (in Bengali). Archived from the original on 13 April 2018. Retrieved 11 May 2018.
- ^ ISBN 978-88-97683-39-1
- from the original on 24 June 2018. Retrieved 24 June 2018.
- ^ Sen Gupta, Sankar (1973). The Patas and the Patuas of Bengal. Calcutta: Indian Publications. pp. 54–55.
- ^ Mookerjee, Ajitcoomar (1939). Folk Art of Bengal. University of Calcutta.
- ^ Sri Ashutosh Bhattacharya. Bangiyo Loko-Sangeet Ratnakosh. Kolkata: Paschimbanga Loko Sanskriti Gobeshona Kendra. p. 1041.
- ^ tarapada santra (2000). Paschimbanger lokoshilpa o lokosamaj. Kolkata: Kolkata: lokosanskriti o adibasi sanskriti kendra. p. 12.
- ^ বন্দ্যোপাধ্যায়, দেবাশিস. "পটচিত্রের চাহিদা বাড়ছে নবদ্বীপের রাসে". Anandabazar Patrika (in Bengali). Archived from the original on 13 April 2018. Retrieved 14 April 2018.
- ^ ভট্টাচার্য, বিভূতিসুন্দর. "অবক্ষয় আর অবলুপ্তির মাঝে বাংলার চালচিত্র - Anandabazar". Anandabazar Patrika (in Bengali). Archived from the original on 14 April 2018. Retrieved 14 April 2018.
- ^ Craft council of West Bengal-1985-86, The Jarana Patachitra of Bengal- Mahamaya, p-112
- ^ D. P. Ghosh, FOLK ART OF BENGAL, Visvabharati, p-4
- ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 12 May 2018. Retrieved 11 May 2018.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ISBN 978-93-5311-387-2.
Further reading
- Kossak, Steven (1997). Indian court painting, 16th-19th century. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art. ISBN 0-87099-783-1. (see index: p. 148-152)