Paul-Émile Botta

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Paul-Émile Botta
archeology
Doctoral advisorHenri Marie Ducrotay de Blainville

Paul-Émile Botta (6 December 1802 – 29 March 1870) was an Italian-born French scientist who served as Consul in Mosul (then in the Ottoman Empire, now in Iraq) from 1842, and who discovered the ruins of the ancient Assyrian capital of Dur-Sharrukin.

Life

He was born Paolo Emiliano Botta in Turin, Italy, on December 6, 1802. His father was Italian historian Carlo Giuseppe Guglielmo Botta (1766–1837). In 1822 they moved to Paris where he studied under Henri Marie Ducrotay de Blainville.[1]

Botta was selected to be naturalist on a voyage around the world. Although he had no formal medical training, he also served as the ship surgeon. The Heros under Captain Auguste Bernard Duhaut-Cilly (1790–1849) left

Kingdom of Hawaii, had convinced investors from the family of Jacques Laffitte to finance the voyage to promote trade to California and Hawaii, but Rives disappeared along with some of the cargo.[2]
After visiting the Hawaiian Islands they reached China on December 27, 1828. In late July, 1829, the Heros returned to Le Havre.[1]

On January 5, 1830, Botta defended his doctor's thesis. In 1831 he sailed to Cairo, where he met Benjamin Disraeli. Some historians think the French traveler Marigny in Disraeli's novel Contarini Fleming was based on Botta.[1] In 1836 Botta was sent to Yemen to collect plants on behalf of the Paris Natural History Museum.[3]

The French Government appointed Botta as Consul at Mosul in 1842. While there he discovered the ruins of the ancient Assyrian capital of Dur-Sharrukin, and on his return to France in 1845 brought with him many artifacts from it. This achievement earned him a spectacular reputation as an Orientalist.

In 1848 after the French Revolution of 1848, Botta became French consul in Jerusalem, and, after his failed diplomatic mission in Constantinople in 1851, he was consul in Tripoli from 1855 to 1868. Due to his bad health he returned to France. He died on March 29, 1870, in Achères, France.[4]

Mosul

Lamassu. Bas-relief from the m wall, k door, of king Sargon II's palace at Dur-Sharrukin in Assyria (now Khorsabad in Iraq), c. 713–716 BC. (From Botta's excavations in 1843–1844).

Botta was chosen as French

relief sculpture
containing Assyrian figures. This was
bas-relief Assyrian scenes and gods, plus doorways flanked by winged bulls with human heads[5][6][7]

The French government, highly gratified at the surprising success of its consul, supplied him with ample means for further research as well as the artist

Emile Burnouf. Botta published his Ninevah findings in his Monuments de Ninive découverts et décrits par Botta, mesurés et dessinés par Flandin.[5][6][7]

The Consulate at Mosul was suppressed by the French Second Republic, and Botta was sent to the Levant.[5]

Legacy

References

  1. ^
    hdl:10524/353
    .
  2. hdl:10524/272
    . Translation from French of Auguste Bernard Duhaut-Cilly, Voyage autour du monde, principalement à la California et aux Îles Sandwich, pendant les années 1826, 1827, 1828, et 1829
  3. ^ (in French) Charlotte Radt, « Contribution à l'histoire ethnobotanique d'une plante stimulante : le Kat. Le Kat au Yemen (Note Préliminaire) », Journal d'agriculture tropicale et de botanique appliquée, vol. 16, n°2-5, Février-mars-avril-mai 1969, p. 234-235 et 239 read on line
  4. ^ (in French) André Parrot, « Centenaire de la fondation du "Musée Assyrien", au Musée du Louvre », Syria, t. 25, no 3-4, 1946, p. 173-184 [1].
  5. ^ a b c Lloyd, Seton (1980). Foundations in the Dust, The Story of Mesopotamian Exploration. New York: Thames and Hudson Inc. pp. 94–98, 122–123.
  6. ^ a b Daniel, Glyn (1981). A Short History of Archaeology. London: Thames and Hudson Ltd. pp. 73–75.
  7. ^
    ISBN 9780517119815
    .
  8. ISBN 978-0-8021-4877-3
    .
  9. ISBN 978-1-4214-0135-5
    . ("Botta", p. 33).

Further reading

  • Paul-Émile Botta and Eugène Flandin, Les Monuments de Ninive (Paris 1849-1859)
  • Glyn Daniel, A short history of archaeology (London, Thames and Hudson 1981).
  • Maurice Pillet [fr], Khorsabad. Les découvertes de V. Place en Assyrie, (Paris 1918).
  • Paul-Émile Botta (October–December 1831). "Observations sur les habitants des îles Sandwich". Nouvelles Annales des Voyages et des Sciences Geographiques. Vol. 52. pp. 129–148. (French)
  • Charles Franklin Carter (1930). "Duhaut-Cilly's Account of California in the Years 1827-28". California History Magazine. Vol. 8, no. 2 and 3. California Historical Society. pp. 8–130 to 8–166 and 8–215 to 8–250. (translation of French)

External links

Media related to Paul-Émile Botta at Wikimedia Commons

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