Paul Allen

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
This article is about the entrepreneur and philanthropist. For other people of the same name, see Paul Allen (disambiguation).

Paul Allen
Flying Heritage Collection in 2013
Born
Paul Gardner Allen

(1953-01-21)January 21, 1953
Seattle, Washington, U.S.
DiedOctober 15, 2018(2018-10-15) (aged 65)
Seattle, Washington, U.S.
EducationWashington State University (dropped out)
Occupations
  • Entrepreneur
  • investor
  • philanthropist
  • programmer
  • researcher
  • film producer
  • sports executive
Years active1972–2018
Known for
Title
See list
RelativesJody Allen (sister)
Websitepaulallen.com

Paul Gardner Allen (January 21, 1953 – October 15, 2018) was an American businessman, computer programmer, researcher, investor, film producer, explorer, and philanthropist. He is best known for co-founding

microcomputer revolution of the 1970s and 1980s. Allen was ranked as the 44th-wealthiest person in the world by Forbes with an estimated net worth of $20.3 billion at the time of his death in October 2018.[2][3]

Allen quit from day-to-day work at Microsoft in early 1983 after a

Vulcan Inc. in 1986,[4] a privately held company that managed his business and philanthropic efforts. He had a multi-billion dollar investment portfolio, including technology and media companies, scientific research, real estate holdings, private space flight ventures, and stakes in other sectors. He owned the Seattle Seahawks of the National Football League[5] and the Portland Trail Blazers of the National Basketball Association,[6] and was part-owner of the Seattle Sounders FC of Major League Soccer.[7] Under the helm of Allen, the Seahawks won Super Bowl XLVIII and made it to two other Super Bowls (XL and XLIX
). In 2000 he resigned from his position on Microsoft's board and assumed the post of senior strategy advisor to the company's management team.

Allen founded the Allen Institutes for

Artificial Intelligence,[9] and Cell Science,[10] as well as companies like Stratolaunch Systems[11] and Apex Learning.[12] He gave more than $2 billion to causes such as education, wildlife and environmental conservation, the arts, healthcare, and community services.[13] In 2004, he funded the first crewed private spaceplane with SpaceShipOne.[14][15] He received numerous awards and honors, and was listed among the Time 100 Most Influential People in the World in 2007 and 2008.[16]

Allen was diagnosed with non-Hodgkin lymphoma in 2009. He died of septic shock related to cancer on October 15, 2018, at the age of 65.[17] Shortly after his death, in April 2019, the Allen-funded Stratolaunch first flew and became the largest aircraft in history by wingspan.[18]

Early life

Allen (left) with Bill Gates at Lakeside School in 1970

Allen was born on January 21, 1953, in

Lakeside School,[22] a private school in Seattle where he befriended Bill Gates, with whom he shared an enthusiasm for computers.[22] They used Lakeside's Teletype terminals to develop their programming skills on several time-sharing computer systems.[23] They also used the laboratory of the Computer Science Department of the University of Washington for personal research and computer programming until they were banned in 1971 for abusing their privileges.[24]

Gates and Allen joined with

traffic counters based on the Intel 8008 processor. According to Allen, he and Gates would go dumpster diving during their teenage years for computer program code.[26]

Allen achieved a perfect SAT score of 1600[27] and went to Washington State University, where he joined the Phi Kappa Theta fraternity.[28][29][30] He dropped out of college after two years to work as a programmer for Honeywell in Boston near Harvard University where Gates was enrolled.[23] Allen convinced Gates to drop out of Harvard in order to found Microsoft.[31]

Microsoft

Main articles: History of Microsoft and Microsoft § 1972–1985: Founding
The title page of the assembly language code that produced Altair BASIC, developed by Allen, Gates, and Monte Davidoff, with two early Microsoft business cards showing Gates as president and Allen as vice president

Allen and Gates formed Microsoft in 1975 in Albuquerque, New Mexico, and began marketing a BASIC programming language interpreter, with their first employee being high school friend and collaborator Ric Weiland.[32][23] Allen came up with the name of "Micro-Soft", a combination of "microcomputer" and "software".[33]

Microsoft committed to delivering a disk operating system (

IBM PC in 1980, although they had not yet developed one, and Allen spearheaded a deal for Microsoft to purchase QDOS (Quick and Dirty Operating System) written by Tim Paterson who was employed at Seattle Computer Products.[34][35] As a result of this transaction, Microsoft secured a contract to supply the DOS that ran on IBM's PC line, which opened the door to Allen's and Gates' wealth and success.[23]

The company restructured on June 25, 1981, to become an incorporated business in its home state of Washington (with a further change of its name to "Microsoft Corporation, Inc."). As part of the restructuring, Gates became president of the company and chairman of the board, and Allen became executive vice president and vice chairman.

Hodgkin's lymphoma, though he remained on the board of directors as vice chairman.[23][37] Gates reportedly asked Allen to give him some of his shares to compensate for the higher amount of work that Gates was doing.[38][39] According to Allen, Gates said that he "did almost everything on BASIC" and the company should be split 60–40 in his favor. Allen agreed to this arrangement, which Gates later renegotiated to 64–36.[40] In 1983, Gates tried to buy Allen out at $5 per share, but Allen refused and left the company with his shares intact; this made him a billionaire when Microsoft went public.[40][41] Gates later repaired his relationship with Allen, and the two men donated $2.2 million to their childhood school Lakeside in 1986.[25] They remained friends for the rest of Allen's life.[42]

Allen resigned from his position on the Microsoft board of directors on November 9, 2000, but he remained as a senior strategy advisor to the company's executives.[1][43][44] In January 2014, he still held 100 million shares of Microsoft.[45]

Businesses and investments

See also:
Vulcan Inc.

Financial and technology

Aerospace

Allen confirmed that he was the sole investor behind aerospace engineer and entrepreneur

suborbital commercial spacecraft on October 4, 2004.[61] The craft was developed and flown by Mojave Aerospace Ventures, which was a joint venture between Allen and Rutan's aviation company, Scaled Composites. SpaceShipOne climbed to an altitude of 367,442 feet (111,996 m) over the Mojave Air and Space Port and was the first privately funded effort to successfully put a civilian in suborbital space. It won the Ansari X Prize competition and received the $10 million prize.[62]

On December 13, 2011, Allen announced the creation of

Orbital ATK and Scaled Composites, is intended to launch in inclement weather, fly without worrying about the availability of launch pads and to operate from different locations. Stratolaunch plans to ultimately host six to ten missions per year.[64] On April 13, 2015, Vulcan Aerospace was announced. It is the company within Allen's Vulcan Inc. that plans and executes projects to shift how the world conceptualizes space travel through cost reduction and on-demand access.[65]

Wingspan of 2019 Stratolaunch

On April 13, 2019, the Stratolaunch aircraft made its maiden flight, reaching 15,000 ft (4,600 m) and 165 kn (305 km/h) in a 2 h 29 min flight.[66][67] Stratolaunch CEO Jean Floyd offered this comment: "We dedicate this day to the man who inspired us all to strive for ways to empower the world's problem-solvers, Paul Allen. Without a doubt, he would have been exceptionally proud to see his aircraft take flight". Upon its flight, the airplane became the largest in history by wingspan.[18]

As of the end of May 2019, Stratolaunch Systems Corporation had ceased operations.[68]

Real estate

Allen's Vulcan Real Estate

Amazon.com for US$1.16 billion, one of the most expensive office deals ever in Seattle.[72] "It's exceeded my expectations", Allen said of the South Lake Union development.[73]

Venues

Sports team ownership

Portland Trail Blazers

Main article: Portland Trail Blazers

Allen purchased the Portland Trail Blazers NBA team in 1988 from California real estate developer

Larry Weinberg for $70 million.[6] He was instrumental in the development and funding of the Moda Center (previously known as the Rose Garden), the arena where the Blazers play. He purchased the arena on April 2, 2007, and stated that this was a major milestone and a positive step for the franchise.[23][79] The Allen-owned Trail Blazers reached the playoffs 19 times including the NBA Finals in 1990 and 1992.[80] According to Forbes, the Blazers were valued at $2.09 billion in 2021 and ranked No. 13 out of 30 NBA teams.[81]

Seattle Seahawks

Main article: Seattle Seahawks

Allen purchased the National Football League's Seattle Seahawks in 1997 from owner Ken Behring,[82][83] who had attempted to move the team to southern California the previous year.[5][84][85] Herman Sarkowsky, a former Seahawks minority owner, told The Seattle Times about Allen's decision to buy the team, "I'm not sure anybody else in this community would have done what [Allen] did."[86] In 2002, the team moved into Seahawks Stadium (now known as Lumen Field), after Allen invested into the upgrade of the stadium.[87] Acquired for US$200 million in 1997,[82][83] the Seahawks were valued at $1.33 billion in August 2014 by Forbes, which says the team has "one of the most rabid fan bases in the NFL".[88] Under the helm of Allen, the Seahawks made the Super Bowl three times following NFC Championship victories (2005, 2013, 2014), and won Super Bowl XLVIII in February 2014.[89]

Seattle Sounders FC

Main article: Seattle Sounders FC

Allen's Vulcan Sports & Entertainment is part of the ownership team of the Seattle Sounders FC, a

CenturyLink Field, a stadium which was also controlled by Allen.[7] The ownership team also includes film producer Joe Roth, businessman Adrian Hanauer, and comedian Drew Carey. The Sounders sold out every home game during its first season, setting a new MLS record for average match attendance.[90]

Filmmaking

Allen and his sister,

Emmys
.

In 2014 alone, Allen's film, We The Economy, won 12 awards including a

Golden Globes[94] and Academy Awards[93] among many others. Vulcan Productions' films and documentary projects include Far from Heaven[93] (2002), Hard Candy[95] (2005), Rx for Survival: A Global Health Challenge[96][97] (2005), Where God Left His Shoes[98] (2006), Judgment Day: Intelligent Design on Trial[99][100] (2007), This Emotional Life[101][102] (2010), We The Economy[103] (2014) Racing Extinction[104] (2015) and Oscar-nominated Body Team 12[105]
(2015).

In 2013, Vulcan Productions co-produced the Richard E. Robbins-directed film Girl Rising[106] which tells the stories of girls from different parts of the world who seek an education. Globally, over 205 million households watched Girl Rising during the CNN premier,[107] and over 4 million people have engaged with Girl Rising through websites and social media. Through the associated 10×10 program, over $2.1 million has been donated to help girls receive an education worldwide.[108]

Also in 2013, Vulcan Productions signed on as a producing partner of Pandora's Promise,[109] a documentary about nuclear power, directed by Oscar-nominated director Robert Stone. It was released on CNN in November 2013. A variety of college and private screenings as well as panel discussions have been hosted throughout the country.[110]

Philanthropy

Allen gave more than $2 billion towards the advancement of science, technology, education, wildlife conservation, the arts, and community services in his lifetime.

Andrew Carnegie Medal of Philanthropy[113] and Inside Philanthropy's "Philanthropist of the Year".[114]

Science and research

Allen (right) studies a brain sample with Allan Jones, CEO of the Allen Institute for Brain Science, in 2011.

In September 2003, Allen launched the

Allen Human Brain Atlas and the Allen Mouse Brain Connectivity Atlas. The Allen Institute is also helping to advance and shape the White House's BRAIN Initiative as well as the Human Brain Project.[116]

Founded in 2014, the

Allen Institute for Artificial Intelligence (AI2)'s main focus is to research and engineer artificial intelligence.[117] The institute is modeled after the Allen Institute for Brain Science and led by researcher and professor, Dr. Oren Etzioni. AI2 has undertaken four main projects, Aristo, Semantic Scholar, Euclid, and Plato. As of 2015 Project Aristo is working to build an AI system capable of passing an 8th-grade science exam.[118]

In December 2014, Allen committed $100 million to create the Allen Institute for Cell Science in Seattle. The institute is investigating and creating a virtual model of cells in the hope of bringing forth treatment of different diseases.[119] Like the institutes before it, all data generated and tools developed will be made publicly available online.[120]

Launched in 2016 with a $100 million commitment, The

Dipterology.[125]

Environment and conservation

Allen provided more than $7 million to fund a census of elephant populations in Africa, the largest such endeavour since the 1970s. The Great Elephant Census team flew over 20 countries to survey African savannah elephants. The survey results were published in 2015 and showed rapid rates of decline which were accelerating.[126]

He began supporting the

illegal fishing. Part of his $2.6 million in funding went towards the creation of FishBase,[127] an online database about adult finfish.[128] Allen funded the Global FinPrint initiative, launched in July 2015, a three-year survey of sharks and rays in coral reef areas. The survey is the largest of its kind and designed to provide data to help conservation programs.[129][130]

Allen backed

Washington state initiative 1401 to prohibit the purchase, sale and distribution of products made from 10 endangered species including elephants, rhinos, lions, tigers, leopards, cheetahs, marine turtles, pangolins, sharks and rays. The initiative gained enough signatures to be on the state's ballot on November 3, 2015, and passed.[131]

Alongside the United States Department of Transportation (USDOT), Allen and Vulcan Inc. launched the Smart City Challenge,[132] a contest inviting American cities to transform their transportation systems. Created in 2015 with the USDOT's $40 million commitment as well as $10 million from Allen's Vulcan Inc., the challenge aims to create a first-of-its-kind modern city that will demonstrate how cities can improve quality of life while lowering greenhouse gas emissions.[133] The winning city was Columbus, Ohio.[134]

As a member of the International SeaKeepers Society, Allen hosted its proprietary SeaKeeper 1000TM oceanographic and atmospheric monitoring system on all three of his megayachts.[135]

Allen funded the building of microgrids, which are small-scale power grids that can operate independently, in Kenya, to help promote reusable energy and empower its businesses and residents.[136] He was an early investor in the Mawingu Networks, a wireless and solar-powered Internet provider which aims to connect rural Africa with the world, and Off Grid Electric, a company focused on providing solar energy to people in emerging nations.[137]

Ebola

In 2014, Allen pledged at least $100 million toward the fight to end the

World Food Program USA. On April 21, 2015, Allen brought together key leaders in the Ebola fight at the Ebola Innovation Summit in San Francisco. The summit aimed to share key learnings and reinforce the need for continued action and support to reduce the number of Ebola cases to zero, which was achieved in January 2016.[140]

In October 2015, the Paul G. Allen Family Foundation announced it would award seven new grants totaling $11 million to prevent future widespread outbreaks of the virus.[141]

Exploration

RV Petrel arriving at Surigao City in 2018

In 2012, along with his research team and the Royal Navy, Allen attempted to retrieve the ship's bell from HMS Hood, which sank in the Denmark Strait during World War II, but the attempt failed due to poor weather. On August 7, 2015, they tried again and recovered the bell in very good condition.[142] It was restored and put on display in May 2016 in the National Museum of the Royal Navy, Portsmouth, in remembrance of the 1,415 crewmen lost.[143]

Since 2015, Allen funded the research ship

Battle of Surigao Strait and the Battle of Ormoc Bay. In 2018, Petrel found a lost US Navy C-2A Greyhound aircraft in the Philippine Sea, USS Lexington in the Coral Sea and the USS Juneau off the coast of the Solomon Islands.[145][146][147]

Museums and community institutions

Allen established non-profit community institutions to display his collections of historic artifacts. These include:

Art

An active art collector, Allen gifted more than $100 million to support the arts.[153] On October 15, 2012, the Americans for the Arts gave Allen the Eli and Edythe Broad Award for Philanthropy in the Arts.[154] Allen loaned out more than 300 pieces from his private art collection to 47 different venues. The original 541-page typescript of Bram Stoker's novel Dracula was in his collection at one point.[155] In 2013, Allen sold Barnett Newman's Onement VI (1953) at Sotheby's in New York for $43.8 million, then the record for a work by the abstract artist.[156][157]

In 2015, Allen founded the Seattle Art Fair, a four-day event with 60-plus galleries from around the world including the participation of the Gagosian Gallery, David Zwirner. The event drew thousands and inspired other satellite fairs throughout the city.[158]

In August 2016, Allen announced the launch of Upstream Music Fest + Summit,[159] an annual festival fashioned after South by Southwest.[160] Held in Pioneer Square, the first festival took place in May 2017.[161] It was cancelled in 2019 following Allen's death in 2018.[162]

In November 2022, Allen's art collection was auctioned at

Botticelli, David Hockney, Roy Lichtenstein, Edward Hopper, Andy Warhol, Jasper Johns and Jan Brueghel the Younger. Proceeds from the auction benefitted undisclosed philanthropies.[164][165][166]

Education

Living Computer Museum
in 2017

In 1989, Allen donated $2 million to the University of Washington to construct the Allen Library, which was named after his father Kenneth S. Allen, a former associate director of the University of Washington library system.[167] In the same year, Allen donated an additional $8 million to establish the Kenneth S. Allen Library Endowment.[168] In 2012, the endowment was renamed the Kenneth S. and Faye G. Allen Library Endowment after Allen's mother (a noted bibliophile) died.[169]

In 2002, Allen donated $14 million to the University of Washington to construct the Paul G. Allen Center for Computer Science and Engineering.[170] The building was dedicated in October 2003.[171]

In 2010, Allen announced a gift of $26 million to build the Paul G. Allen School of Global Animal Health at Washington State University, his alma mater. The gift was the largest private donation in the university's history.[172]

In 2016, Allen pledged a $10 million donation over four years for the creation of the Allen Discovery Centers at Tufts University and Stanford University. The centers would fund research that would read and write the morphogenetic code. Over eight years the donation could be as much as $20 million.[173]

In 2017, Allen donated $40 million (with an additional $10 million from Microsoft) to reorganize the University of Washington's Computer Science and Engineering department into the Paul G. Allen School of Computer Science and Engineering.[174]

Personal life

While Allen expressed interest in romantic love and one day having a family,[175] he never married and had no children.[176] His marriage plans with his first girlfriend were cancelled as he felt he "was not ready to marry at 23".[38] He was sometimes considered reclusive.[177][178] In the 1990s, he purchased Rock Hudson's Los Angeles estate from film director John Landis and added the Neptune Valley recording studio to the property. Allen's family put the home on the market for $56 million after his death.[179]

Music

Paul Allen and the Underthinkers perform at the Allen Institute for Brain Science's 10th-anniversary gala.

Allen received his first electric guitar at the age of sixteen, and was inspired to play it by listening to Jimi Hendrix.[180] In 2000, Allen played rhythm guitar on the independently produced album Grown Men.[181] In 2013, he had a major label release on Sony's Legacy Recordings: Everywhere at Once by Paul Allen and the Underthinkers.[182] PopMatters.com described Everywhere at Once as "a quality release of blues-rock that's enjoyable from start to finish".[183][184]

On February 7, 2018, an interview with Quincy Jones was released by the magazine New York on their Vulture website. In this interview, Jones said that he had extreme respect for Eric Clapton, his band Cream, and Allen. Referencing Allen's Hendrix-like play, the article mentioned a jam session on a yacht with Stevie Wonder.[185]

Yachting

Allen's Octopus off the Cayman Islands in 2010

Allen's 414-foot (126 m) yacht,

Usher and Dave Stewart.[190] Octopus was also used in the search for a missing American pilot and two officers whose plane disappeared off Palau,[191] and the study of a rare fish called a coelacanth, among many others.[192] Following Allen's death in 2018, Octopus was refitted and put on the market for $325 million.[193]

Allen also owned Tatoosh, one of the world's 100 largest yachts. In January 2016, it was reported that Tatoosh severely damaged approximately 1300 square meters of coral reef in the West Bay replenishment zone, Cayman Islands.[194] In April 2016, the Department of Environment (DoE) and Allen's Vulcan Inc. successfully completed a restoration plan to help speed recovery and protect the future of coral in this area.[195]

Idea Man

Main article: Idea Man

In 2011, Allen's memoir, Idea Man: A Memoir by the Co-founder of Microsoft, was published by Portfolio, a Penguin Group imprint. The book recounts how Allen became enamored with computers and, at an early age, conceived the idea for Microsoft, recruited his friend Bill Gates to join him, and launched what would become the world's most successful software company. It also explores Allen's business and creative ventures following his 1983 departure from Microsoft, including his involvement in SpaceShipOne, his purchase of the Portland Trail Blazers and Seattle Seahawks, his passion for music, and his ongoing support for scientific research. The book made the New York Times Best Seller list. A paperback version, which included a new epilogue, was published on October 30, 2012.[196][197]

Death

Allen was diagnosed with Stage 1-A

Hodgkin's lymphoma in 1982.[40] His cancer was successfully treated by several months of radiation therapy.[37] Allen was diagnosed with non-Hodgkin lymphoma in 2009. Likewise, the cancer was successfully treated until it returned in 2018. It ultimately caused his death by septic shock on October 15, 2018.[198][17] He was 65 years old.[199][200]

Following his death, Allen's sister Jody Allen was named executor and trustee of all of Paul Allen's estate, pursuant to his instructions.[193] She had responsibility for overseeing the execution of his will and settling his affairs with tax authorities and parties with an interest in his projects.[201]

Several Seattle-area landmarks, including the Space Needle, Columbia Center and Lumen Field, as well as various Microsoft offices throughout the United States, were illuminated in blue on November 3, 2018, as a tribute to Allen.[202] He was also honored by his early business partner and lifelong friend Bill Gates, who said in a statement:

Paul loved life and those around him, and we all cherished him in return. He deserved much more time, but his contributions to the world of technology and philanthropy will live on for generations to come. We will miss him tremendously.[42]

Awards and recognition

Allen received numerous awards in many different areas, including sports, technology, philanthropy, and the arts:

Honorary degrees

See also

References

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Further reading

External links
Business positions
Preceded by Seattle Seahawks owner
1997–2018 		Succeeded by
Preceded by
Larry Weinberg
 Portland Trail Blazers owner
1988–2018 		Succeeded by
Allen's estate
Preceded by Seattle Sounders FC owner
2008–2018 		Succeeded by
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Paul_Allen&oldid=1218631062"