Paul Heinrich von Groth
Paul Heinrich Ritter von Groth | |
---|---|
University of Munich | |
Doctoral advisor | Heinrich Gustav Magnus |
Other academic advisors | Gustav Rose |
Doctoral students | Waldemar Theodore Schaller |
Other notable students | Vladimir Vernadsky |
Paul Heinrich Ritter von Groth (23 June 1843 – 2 December 1927) was a German
mineralogist
. His most important contribution to science was his systematic classification of minerals based on their chemical compositions and crystal structures.
Biography
He was born at
Freiberg, Dresden and Berlin, and received the doctorate degree in 1868.[1] After lecturing at the Freiberg mining school and at the University of Berlin,[2] in 1872 he became professor of mineralogy at Strasbourg. In 1883, he was appointed professor of mineralogy and curator of minerals in the Deutsches Museum in Munich.[1]
He died in Munich.
Work
He carried out extensive research on
Zeitschrift für Krystallographie und Mineralogie, and subsequently served as its editor until 1920.[1]
In 1883, Groth compiled a monumental five-volume collection entitled Chemische Kristallographie, which contained crystalline morphology and physical property data on thousands of substances.
By Groth's time, Dalton's atomic theory was already well established. In 1888, Groth was the first to suggest the possibility that spherical atoms reside at equivalent positions of space lattices, which gave a physical significance to this still somewhat abstract idea of the regular and symmetric partitioning of space. The German physicist
Fedorov, and Barlow. Finally, in 1922, Ralph Walter Graystone Wyckoff (1897–1994)
authored The Analytical Expression of the Results of the Theory of Space Groups, a book which contained, among other things, tables with the positional coordinates, both general and special, permitted by the symmetry elements.
Publications
as author
- Elemente der physikalischen und chemischen Krystallographie (R. Oldenbourg, 1921)
- Physikalische Krystallographie und Einleitung in die krystallographische Kenntniss der wichtigsten Subtanzen (W. Engelmann, 1905)
- Ueber die Molekularbeschaffenheit der Krystalle. Festrede gehalten in der öffentlichen Sitzung der k.b. Akademie der Wissenschaften zu München zur Feier des einhundert und neunundzwanzigsten Stiftungstages am 28 März 1888 (München, 1888)
- Über das studium der Mineralogie auf den Deutschen Hochschulen (London, Trübner & Co, 1875)
References
- ^ a b c public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Groth, Paul Heinrich von". Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the
- New International Encyclopedia(1st ed.). New York: Dodd, Mead.